DIN, JIS, GB, ASME: Buku Lothandiza la Miyezo ya Granite Surface Plate

Ogula omwe amayerekezera ma granite pamwamba pa mbale kuchokera kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi vuto losavuta: ma plate awiri onse amatha kunena kuti ndi olondola "Giredi 0″ kapena "Giredi AA" koma osatanthauza chinthu chimodzi, chifukwa akutanthauza miyezo yosiyanasiyana yadziko lonse yokhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zololera. Bukuli limafotokoza zomwe miyezo yayikulu imanena komanso chifukwa chake kusiyana kuli kofunika mukafuna zida.

Chifukwa chiyani palibe muyezo umodzi wapadziko lonse lapansi

Ma granite surface plates amakonzedwa kuti agwirizane ndi ma flatness tolerances omwe amakula ndi kukula kwa plate — plate ya 1600mm ndi plate ya 300mm sizingakhale ndi perpetual tolerance yofanana. Mayiko osiyanasiyana adapanga njira zawozawo zokulira izi, makamaka panthawi yomweyi ya ma industrial standardization:

• Germany — DIN 876 mwina ndiye muyezo wodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, womwe umatanthauzira magiredi olondola 00, 0, 1, ndi 2, ndipo giredi 00 ndiye wolimba kwambiri. DIN 875 ndi DIN 650 ndi zida zolumikizirana ndi granite.
• United States — Federal Standard GGG-P-463c ndi ASME B89.3.7 yamakono imatanthauzira magiredi AA, A, ndi B a ma plates apamwamba, m'mbuyomu omwe ma laboratories ambiri aku America oyesa zinthu ndi masitolo ogulitsa makina amawayesa molakwika.
• Japan — JIS B 7513 imakhazikitsa njira yakeyake yopangira zinthu, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchulidwa ndi zida zomangidwira kapena kutumizidwa kwa opanga aku Japan, makamaka mu unyolo woperekera zinthu zamagetsi.
• China — miyezo ya GB/T, yomwe yakhala ikufanana kwambiri ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi m'zaka zaposachedwa pomwe zida zolondola zopangidwa ku China zikutumikira kwambiri misika yotumiza kunja.
• United Kingdom — BS 817, Russia — GOST 10905, ndi France — miyezo ya NF imakwaniritsa mndandanda wa miyezo yomwe ikutchulidwabe kutengera dziko lomwe chipangizocho chinachokera kapena komwe chikupita.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pawo kwenikweni ndi chiyani?

Kusagwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa miyezo si kwanzeru — ndi njira ya masamu yomwe aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito kuwerengera kusiyana kwakukulu kovomerezeka kwa flatness kutengera kutalika kwa diagonal kwa mbale. Mbale ya DIN 876 Giredi 0 ndi mbale ya JIS Giredi 1 ya miyeso yofanana imatha kukhala ndi zolekerera zomwe zili pafupi koma zosafanana. Pa ntchito zambiri zamafakitale kusiyanako sikofunika. Kwa ma lab a metrology omwe akuchita kuwerengera kolondola, kapena zida zopangidwira kasitomala amene amafunikira DIN kapena JIS satifiketi, sichoncho.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake, mukafuna kugulazigawo za granitePa kutumiza kunja, ndikofunikira kufunsa wogulitsa kuti ndi muyezo uti womwe satifiketi yowerengera ikunena - osati nambala ya giredi yomwe imawonekera pamapepala. Chikalata cha "Giredi 0" chopanda muyezo wotchulidwa sichingatsimikizidwe.

Kutsata: gawo lomwe ndi losavuta kulidumpha

Satifiketi yoyezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu (calibration satifiketi) ndi yodalirika ngati unyolo womwe uli kumbuyo kwake. Chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyezera mbale - mulingo wamagetsi, autocollimator, laser interferometer - chiyenera kuti chinayezedwa ndi bungwe lovomerezeka la metrology, ndipo kuchuluka kumeneku kuyenera kutsatiridwa ku muyezo woyamba wa dziko. Mwachidule, izi zikutanthauza kufunsa:

1. Satifiketi yoyezera kuchuluka kwa mbale kapena gawo linalake, yofotokoza muyezo womwe (DIN/JIS/GB/ASME/etc.) unagwiritsidwa ntchito.
2. Satifiketi yoyezera ya chida choyezera chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito, yoperekedwa ndi bungwe lodziwika bwino la metrology.
3. Mawu omveka bwino okhudza kusatsimikizika kwa muyeso, osati kungopambana/kulephera giredi.

Chomwe chimadutsa unyolo uwu ndi momwe "zopempha zovomerezeka za Giredi 0" nthawi zina zimakhalira zodzipangira zokha ndi fakitale popanda kutsimikizira kwa chipani chachitatu - mwaukadaulo osati zachinyengo, komanso sizikutanthauza chilichonse payokha.

Chidziwitso chothandiza kwa magulu ogula zinthu

Ngati zida zanu zikupita kumisika yambiri yotumiza kunja, nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino kupempha kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kawiri - mwachitsanzo, ziwerengero zonse za DIN 876 ndi JIS B 7513 - m'malo mongoganiza kuti muyezo umodzi umatanthauzira bwino wina. Zimawononga ndalama zambiri munthawi yowerengera, koma zimachotsa kusamveka bwino kwa kasitomala womaliza, makamaka m'mafakitale monga opanga magalimoto ndi magalimoto komwe dipatimenti yogulitsa zinthu zabwino ya wogulayo imapempha zikalata zokhazikika.