Maziko a Makina a Granite vs. Maziko a Chitsulo: Chifukwa Chake Kukhazikika kwa Zinthu N'kofunika mu Zipangizo Zolondola

Nayi funso lomwe opanga makina amamva kuchokera kwa makasitomala nthawi zonse:"Ngati mota yanga yolunjika ili ndi mayankho ofanana ndi nanometer, encoder yanga ndi yolondola pang'ono ndipo interferometer yanga imatha kuyeza chilichonse - bwanji makina oyambira ali ndi ntchito?"Yankho ndilakuti chilichonse mwa zigawozi zolondola kwambiri chimatchulidwa ku maziko. Mota yolunjika imapanga mphamvu zotentha ndi maginito; masikelo olembera amayikidwa pazida zomwe zimakula ndikuchepa; makina oyezera amawonetsa mayendedwe poyerekeza ndi chimango, osati poyerekeza ndi "chowonadi". Ngatimakina olondolaKugwedezeka, kugwedezeka kapena kupumula mkati, metrology yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi imangolemba kugwedezeka kumeneko molondola kwambiri. Maziko ndiye chinthu chokhacho cha makina chomwe chimakhudza china chilichonse — ndichifukwa chake kusankha zinthu ndi chisankho chaukadaulo, osati mtengo wochepa.

Kukhazikika kwa Kutentha

Kulakwitsa kwa kutentha kumakhalabe gwero lalikulu kwambiri la zolakwika za geometric mu makina olondola, nthawi zambiri kumapanga 40–70% ya bajeti yonse ya zolakwika mu makina olondola komanso zida zoyezera. Kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa granite kuli pafupifupi 5–6 × 10⁻⁶/°C — pafupifupi theka la chitsulo — ndipo, chofunikanso, granite ili ndi kutentha kochepa, kotero kusintha kwa kutentha kumafalikira pang'onopang'ono ndipo ma gradients amapangidwa pang'onopang'ono osati nthawi yomweyo. Maziko achitsulo ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo amayankha mwachangu kusinthasintha kwa mlengalenga: kutsegula chitseko cha workshop, mzere woziziritsira, dzuwa kudzera pawindo. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti maziko achitsulo sangagwiritsidwe ntchito — maziko achitsulo opangidwa bwino okhala ndi kapangidwe kofanana komanso kuzizira kogwira ntchito amatha kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri — koma wopanga makina ayenera kuyang'anira mwachangu zomwe granite imakana mosavuta.

Kuchepetsa Kugwedezeka

Kapangidwe ka mkati mwa granite kamachotsa mphamvu yogwedezeka mofulumira kwambiri kuwirikiza kakhumi kuposa chitsulo. Pazida zokhala ndi ma linear motors, ma high-speed scanning probes kapena femtosecond laser optics, damping imatsimikizira ngati kusokonezeka kumawonongeka mu ma milliseconds kapena kumapitirira ngati m'mphepete mwachisawawa komanso miyeso yaphokoso. Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chingapangidwe ndi nthiti ndi mabowo odzazidwa kuti chinyowetse bwino, koma magwiridwe ake amadalira luso la kapangidwe ndi makulidwe a khoma.maziko a makina a graniteimapereka chinyezi chambiri chifukwa cha chilengedwe, popanda mawonekedwe a geometry — ubwino waukulu pamene nyumbayo iyenera kukhala yotseguka, yopyapyala kapena yodzaza kwambiri kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito poyendetsa chingwe ndi kuyenda pa siteji.

Kukhazikika kwa Miyeso Pakapita Nthawi

Zitsulo zotayidwa ndi mafelemu achitsulo olumikizidwa zimanyamula zotsalira kuchokera ku kutayidwa, kuwotcherera ndi makina olemera. Kwa miyezi ndi zaka, zotsalirazi zimapumula ndipo kapangidwe kake kamasuntha - nthawi zambiri ma micrometer angapo, nthawi zina zambiri pambuyo pa kunyamulidwa koopsa kapena kutentha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake maziko achitsulo amafunika chithandizo cha kutentha chochepetsa kupsinjika ndipo nthawi zambiri "amakhazikika" nthawi isanakwane. Granite, yopangidwa kwa zaka mazana ambiri ndipo imakumbidwa m'mabwalo akuluakulu, ilibe zotsalira zotsalira zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zipumule: ikangogundana, mawonekedwe ake amakhalabe.zigawo za graniteZoyezedwa masiku ano zimatsimikiziridwanso nthawi zonse patatha zaka zingapo kuchokera pamene zinayamba kuvomerezedwa.

Kukana Kudzimbiri ndi Khalidwe la Maginito

Granite siiwononga: utsi wozizira, madzi odulira ndi mpweya wonyowa sizimaiwononga, kotero palibe zokutira zoteteza kapena mafilimu amafuta omwe amafunikira - phindu lenileni m'zipinda zotsukira za semiconductor komwe kutulutsa gasi ndi kupanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumayendetsedwa bwino. Granite siigwiritsanso ntchito maginito, zomwe ndizofunikira pamakina amagetsi oyenda (osakokera zinyalala zachitsulo m'dera la maginito) komanso pa metrology yogwirizana ndi maginito. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chitsulo chimafunika kupakidwa, kupenta kapena kudzola mafuta, ndipo zokutira zilizonse zimatha kuipitsa kapena kuwononga.

Kuyerekeza Mbali ndi Mbali

Malingaliro Owona Mtima a Uinjiniya: Kodi Chitsulo Chimakhalabe Chomveka Liti?

Granite si yankho lolondola lokha, ndipo wogulitsa wodalirika anganene zimenezo. Chitsulo chimapambana pamene maziko ake ayenera kukhala aakulu kwambiri koma opepuka, pamene mawonekedwe ovuta opangidwa kapena makoma opyapyala akufunika, kapena pamene kupanikizika kwa mtengo kukukulirakulira ndipo kufunikira kolondola kuli kochepa. Mapangidwe osakanikirana akuchulukirachulukira ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira: chimango chachitsulo cholumikizidwa chokhala ndi malo olondola a granite, zomangamanga zopangidwa ndi mchere zolumikizidwa ku njanji za granite, kapena mizati ya granite yolumikizidwa ku mafelemu ang'onoang'ono achitsulo chonyowa. Funso lolondola si "granite kapena chitsulo?" koma"Ndi katundu uti — kutentha, chinyezi, kukhazikika — womwe umalepheretsa kulondola kwa makinawa, ndipo ndi chinthu chiti chomwe chimawapereka pamtengo wovomerezeka?"

Kodi Luso Lalikulu Limathandiza Bwanji?

Chiphunzitso cha zinthu zakuthupi chimakhala chenicheni pokhapokha ngati wopanga angathe kupanga maziko omwe makina anu amafunikira. Kupanga granite molondola pamlingo wa mafakitale kumatanthauzidwa ndi luso loyerekeza: makina amodzimaziko a granitempaka matani 100, kutalika kwa makina mpaka 20 m, m'lifupi mpaka 4000 mm ndi makulidwe mpaka 1000 mm, ndi malo akuluakulu opukutira mpaka 6000 mm. Malire awa amatsimikizira ngati maziko a lithography-stage, tebulo lathunthu la CMM kapena maziko a laser-gantry angapangidwe ngati monolith imodzi yopanda kupsinjika - m'malo momangiriridwa kuchokera ku zidutswa zazing'ono ndi ziwalo zomwe zimakhala kutentha ndi kufooka. Poyesa chilichonsewogulitsa granite wolondola, funsani envelopu yeniyeni ya chida cha makina ndi kusatsimikizika kwa kuwunika kwa chopukusira chawo chachikulu, osati kokha kulekerera kwa kabuku ka mbale ya 500 mm.

Mapeto: Kukhazikika Ndiko Maziko a Makina Onse

Ma motors a linear, ma encoder ndi ma interferometer amayesa ndikubwezera - koma amatha kungobwezera zolakwika zomwe makina owongolera amadziwa, zomwe zimatchulidwa ku maziko omwe sagwira ntchito. Kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa granite, kunyowa kwamkati, chitetezo cha dzimbiri komanso kumasuka ku nkhawa yotsalira zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chida chofotokozera maziko olondola a makina mu metrology, semiconductor ndi zida za laser; zitsulo zopangidwa bwino ndi zomangamanga zosakanikirana zimakhalabe zogwira ntchito pomwe kulemera, mawonekedwe kapena mtengo wake ndizofunika kwambiri. Kupambana kwa uinjiniya kumachokera pakufananiza katundu wazinthu ndi bajeti ya zolakwika za makina - komanso kusankha wopanga yemwe ali ndi luso lodziwika bwino lopereka zinthuzo pakukula komwe makina anu amafunikira.

ZHHIMG®imapanga maziko a makina a granite olondola mpaka 100 t / 20 m okhala ndi kugaya kwakukulu mpaka 6000 mm, kuphatikiza matebulo a CMM, maziko a semiconductor-stage ndi maziko a laser-gantry.Lumikizanani nafekuti tikambirane za kapangidwe kanu ka maziko.