Pankhani yopanga zinthu molondola komanso kafukufuku wa sayansi wapamwamba, kusankha maziko a nsanja yoyandama ya mpweya wosasunthika ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti chidziwike momwe imagwirira ntchito. Maziko olondola a granite ndi maziko a ceramic ali ndi makhalidwe awoawo, omwe amasonyeza ubwino ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana pakukhazikika, kukonza molondola, kulimba ndi zina zotero.
Kukhazikika: Kapangidwe kachilengedwe poyerekeza ndi kapangidwe kake
Pambuyo pa kusintha kwa nthawi yayitali kwa geology, granite imalukidwa kwambiri ndi quartz, feldspar ndi mchere wina, ndikupanga kapangidwe kolimba komanso kofanana. Poyang'anizana ndi kusokonezeka kwa kugwedezeka kwakunja, monga kugwedezeka kwamphamvu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zazikulu mufakitale, maziko a granite amatha kutseka ndikuchepetsa bwino, zomwe zitha kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa nsanja yoyandama ya mpweya wosasunthika ndi kupitirira 80%, kupereka maziko okhazikika ogwirira ntchito papulatifomu kuti zitsimikizire kuyenda kosalala pakukonza kapena kuzindikira kolondola. Mwachitsanzo, mu njira yojambulira ya kupanga ma chip a semiconductor, maziko olimba a granite amatha kutsimikizira kuti zida za chip lithography zikugwira ntchito molondola ndikukwaniritsa mawonekedwe olondola a ma chip.
Maziko a ceramic amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira zinthu komanso ukadaulo wapamwamba, ndipo kapangidwe kake kamkati kali kofanana ndipo kali ndi makhalidwe abwino oletsa kugwedezeka. Pogwira ntchito ndi kugwedezeka kwanthawi zonse, imatha kupanga malo ogwirira ntchito okhazikika kuti pakhale nsanja yoyenda bwino ya mpweya wosasunthika. Komabe, chifukwa cha mphamvu zambiri komanso kugwedezeka kosalekeza, mphamvu yake yochepetsera kugwedezeka ndi yotsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi maziko a granite, ndipo n'kovuta kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa kugwedezeka kufika pamlingo wofanana, zomwe zingakhudze kayendedwe kolondola kwambiri ka nsanjayo.
Kusunga molondola: kukulitsa ubwino wachilengedwe ndi kuwongolera kochita kupanga molondola
Granite imadziwika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kochepa kwambiri kwa kutentha, nthawi zambiri pa 5-7 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Mu nyengo yosinthasintha kwa kutentha, kukula kwa maziko olondola a granite sikusintha kwenikweni. Mu gawo la zakuthambo, nsanja yolondola ya mpweya wothamanga wosasunthika kuti ukhale wokonzedwa bwino wa lenzi ya telesikopu imagwirizanitsidwa ndi maziko a granite, ngakhale kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku kuli kofunika, kungatsimikizire kuti kulondola kwa malo a lenzi kumasungidwa pamlingo wa submicron, kuthandiza akatswiri a zakuthambo kujambula mphamvu zobisika za zinthu zakuthambo zakutali.
Zipangizo za ceramic ndi zabwino kwambiri pankhani ya kukhazikika kwa kutentha, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa zinthu zina za ceramic zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kumatha kukhala kotsika pafupifupi zero ndipo kumatha kulamulidwa bwino kudzera mu kapangidwe ndi njira. Mu zida zina zoyezera kutentha kwambiri zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, maziko a ceramic amatha kusunga kukula kokhazikika kutentha kukasintha, kuonetsetsa kuti kuyenda kwa nsanja yoyandama ya mpweya wosasunthika kumalondola. Komabe, kukhazikika kwake kwa nthawi yayitali pakulondola pakugwiritsa ntchito kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga kukalamba kwa zinthu ndipo kuyenera kutsimikiziridwanso.
Kulimba: Kulimba kwambiri kwa miyala yachilengedwe komanso zinthu zopangidwa zomwe sizingawonongeke ndi dzimbiri
Kulimba kwa granite ndi kwakukulu, kulimba kwa Mohs kumatha kufika 6-7, kukana kuvala bwino. Mu labotale ya sayansi ya zinthu, nsanja yoyandama ya mpweya yokhazikika yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, maziko ake a granite amatha kukana kutayika kwa kukangana kwa nthawi yayitali, poyerekeza ndi maziko wamba, amatha kuwonjezera nthawi yosamalira nsanjayo ndi zoposa 50%, kuchepetsa ndalama zokonzera zida, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yofufuza yasayansi ikupitilizabe. Komabe, zinthu za granite zimakhala zofooka, pali chiopsezo chophulika zikagundidwa mwangozi.
Maziko a ceramic si olimba okha, komanso ali ndi kukana dzimbiri kwabwino kwambiri. M'malo opangira mafakitale komwe kuli chiopsezo cha dzimbiri la mankhwala, monga mapulaneti olondola a hydrostatic air flotation mu zida zowunikira mankhwala, maziko a ceramic amalimbana ndi mpweya wowononga kapena zakumwa, kusunga umphumphu wa pamwamba ndi mphamvu zamakina kwa nthawi yayitali. M'malo ovuta kwambiri monga chinyezi chambiri, kukhazikika kwa magwiridwe antchito a maziko a ceramic kuli bwino kuposa maziko a granite.
Kuvuta kwa mtengo wopanga ndi kukonza: vuto la migodi ya miyala yachilengedwe ndi malire aukadaulo opangira zinthu
Kukumba ndi kunyamula zinthu zopangira granite n'kovuta, ndipo kukonza kumafuna zida ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kwakukulu, kusweka, kudula, kupukuta ndi njira zina zimatha kugwa, ming'alu, komanso zinyalala zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri zopangira.
Kupanga maziko a ceramic kumadalira ukadaulo wapamwamba wopanga ndi makina olondola, kuyambira kukonzekera zopangira, kuumba mpaka kupukuta, sitepe iliyonse iyenera kuyendetsedwa bwino. Kafukufuku woyambirira ndi chitukuko ndi ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida ndi zazikulu, ndipo pali malire apamwamba aukadaulo. Komabe, ndi kukula kwa kupanga, mtengo wake ukuyembekezeka kuchepetsedwa, ndipo uli ndi kuthekera kotsika mtengo pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapamwamba.
Ponseponse, maziko olondola a granite amagwira ntchito bwino pakukhazikika konsekonse komanso kulimba kwachikhalidwe, pomwe maziko a ceramic ali ndi ubwino wapadera pakusinthasintha kutentha kwambiri komanso kulimba kwa dzimbiri. Kusankha maziko kuyenera kutengera momwe ntchitoyo imagwiritsidwira ntchito, momwe chilengedwe chilili komanso bajeti ya nsanja yoyandama ya mpweya wosasunthika.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-10-2025