Kukula kwa Kutentha: Chinthu Chofunika Kwambiri pa Maziko Oyezera Granite Molondola

Chilichonse chimakula ndi kutentha. Funso lomwe ndi lofunika kwambiri kwamaziko oyezeraSi kuti zinthu zikukula — chilichonse chimakula — koma kuti zikukula bwanji, ndi zochepa bwanji, komanso momwe zimakulira mofanana bwanji. Mawu omaliza amenewo, mofanana, ndi omwe ogula amawanyalanyaza, ndipo nthawi zambiri ndi omwe amayambitsa mavuto ambiri m'sitolo.

Granite imaperekedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchitomaziko oyezera molondolamakamaka chifukwa chakuti coefficient yake ya expansion ya kutentha (CTE) ndi yotsika poyerekeza ndi chitsulo kapena chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo — nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 5 mpaka 8 x 10⁻⁶ pa °C pa granite wabwino, poyerekeza pafupifupi 11 mpaka 13 x 10⁻⁶ pa °C pa chitsulo. Papepala, zimenezo zikuwoneka ngati kupambana kosavuta. Mwachidule, nambala yomwe ili pa datasheet imangofotokoza gawo la nkhaniyi, ndipo mainjiniya omwe adatsata muyeso wachinsinsi amabwerera komwe adachokera nthawi zambiri amaphunzira zina zonse mwanjira yovuta.

Chifukwa Chake Nambala ya CTE Si Chithunzi Chonse

Maziko a granite okhala ndi CTE yotsika, yofanana amachita zinthu modziwikiratu: amakula kapena kuchepa pang'ono pomwe kutentha kumasintha, ndipo kusinthako nthawi zambiri kumatha kulipidwa mu pulogalamu ngati kutentha kutsatiridwa. Mavuto amayamba pamene kukula sikufanana mbali yonse.

Granite ndi chinthu chachilengedwe chopangidwa ndi quartz, feldspar, ndi mica, ndipo chiŵerengero chenicheni cha mchere chimasiyana malinga ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali komanso ngakhale ndi chipika. Silabu yokhala ndi kapangidwe kosagwirizana ka tirigu imatha kukula mosiyana pang'ono kuchokera kudera lina kupita ku lina pansi pa kusintha komweko kwa kutentha, zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonekera pang'ono koma kwenikweni komwe chiwerengero chimodzi cha CTE sichinganene. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe kusinthasintha kwa zinthu zofunika - wopanga akukoka miyala kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi chipika cha block pambuyo pa batch nthawi zambiri amapanga zinthu zambiri zodziwikiratu kutentha kuposa kusaka kuchokera kwa wogulitsa aliyense wotsika mtengo kotala limenelo.

Kutentha kosagwirizana kumawonjezera izi. Maziko a granite omwe ali pafupi ndi zenera, pansi pa kuwala kwachindunji mbali imodzi, kapena pafupi ndi chida chamakina chomwe chimapanga kutentha kwapafupi, sakula ngati chipika chofanana - amawerama pang'ono, kulowera mbali yozizira. Pa ntchito zambiri zamafakitale, kusokonekera kumeneku n'kochepa. Pa ntchito ya sub-micron metrology - CMMs, laser measurement systems, semiconductor inspection platforms - zitha kukhala zokwanira kusintha kulekerera kwa kuwerenga, ndipo ndizovuta kuzizindikira chifukwa maziko ake "amawoneka" osalala m'maso komanso ngakhale kuyang'ana mwachangu.

Kodi Izi Zikutanthauza Chiyani Mu Mikhalidwe Yeniyeni ya Lab?

Miyezo yambiri yoyezera, kuphatikizapo ma ISO ndi ma ASME otsimikizira pamwamba pa mbale, imatchula kutentha kwa 20°C pachifukwa ichi — osati chifukwa chakuti 20°C ndi yapadera, koma chifukwa imapatsa aliyense maziko ofanana oyerekeza. Mbale yovomerezeka pa 20°C ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'sitolo yomwe ikuyenda pa 28°C, popanda kukonzedwa, sikutanthauza kuti ndi yolakwika, koma wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amayesa ngati kutentha sikunawerengedwe kwinakwake mu ndondomekoyi.

Makhalidwe angapo nthawi zonse amachepetsa vuto la kutentha m'munda:

• Lolani zigawo za granite kuti zizolowere malo oyezera kwa maola angapo - nthawi zina usiku wonse kuti zikhale ndi maziko akuluakulu - musanayambe kuyeza kwambiri, popeza pakati pa slab yokhuthala pamakhala ofanana pang'onopang'ono kuposa momwe pamwamba pake pakuwonetsera.
• Pitirizani kuyeza maziko kutali ndi dzuwa lachindunji, ma HVAC vents, ndi zida zopangira kutentha, ngakhale kutentha kwa chipinda chozungulira kukuwerengedwa bwino pa thermostat ya pakhoma.
• Lembani kutentha kwa malo ozungulira pamodzi ndi deta yoyezera kuti mugwire ntchito molondola kwambiri, m'malo moganiza kuti "chipinda cholamulidwa ndi nyengo" chili ndi kutentha kofanana.
• Kupeza granite kuchokera kwa opanga omwe anganene makamaka za kusinthasintha kwa tirigu ndi kupeza miyala, osati chithunzi cha CTE chokha chochokera m'buku la malangizo a zinthu.

Chidziwitso Chothandiza Kuchokera Pansi Popera

Timasunga zipinda zathu zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi makamaka chifukwa cha izi - osati makamaka chifukwa chomasuka, koma chifukwa kupukutira ndi kuwunika komaliza komwe kumachitika pa kutentha kokhazikika, komwe kumadziwika bwino kumapanga zinthu zomwe kusalala kwake kotsimikizika kumakhalabe kolimba akangotuluka mnyumbamo. Makasitomala omwe amamanga nsanja zowunikira za semiconductor kapena nyumba za CMM, kangapo, atipempha kuti tilembe kutentha kozungulira panthawi yoyezera komaliza ndikuyika pamodzi ndi satifiketi yosalala, kuti gulu lawo la metrology likhale ndi malo ofotokozera oti agwire ntchito mtsogolo.

Kukula kwa kutentha mu granite si vuto loti lichotsedwe kwathunthu - ndi chinthu chenicheni chomwe chiyenera kuyendetsedwa, momwemonso kugwedezeka kapena chinyezi ziyenera kuyendetsedwa. Opanga ndi ma lab omwe amachiwona ngati chosinthika chodziwika bwino, m'malo moganizira pambuyo pake muyeso ukawoneka wolakwika, nthawi zambiri amataya nthawi yambiri akutsata zolakwika zamatsenga zomwe sizinali kwenikweni za chidacho.