Granite ya epoxy, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti granite yopangidwa, ndi chisakanizo cha epoxy ndi granite chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chinthu china chopangira zida zamakina. Granite ya epoxy imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chitsulo chosungunuka ndi chitsulo kuti ichepetse kugwedezeka kwamphamvu, ikhale nthawi yayitali, komanso kuti ichepetse mtengo wopangira.
Zida zamakina
Zipangizo zamakina ndi makina ena olondola kwambiri amadalira kuuma kwambiri, kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso makhalidwe abwino kwambiri ochepetsera chinyezi cha maziko kuti agwire bwino ntchito. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zomangamanga izi ndi chitsulo chosungunuka, zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zosungunulidwa, ndi granite wachilengedwe. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kusakhazikika bwino kwa chinyezi, zomangamanga zopangidwa ndi chitsulo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri komwe kumafunika kulondola kwambiri. Chitsulo chosungunuka chabwino chomwe chimachepetsedwa kupsinjika ndi kukakamizidwa chidzapatsa kapangidwe kake kukhazikika, ndipo chikhoza kuponyedwa m'mawonekedwe ovuta, koma chimafunika njira yokwera mtengo yopangira zinthu kuti zipange malo olondola pambuyo popangidwa.
Granite wachilengedwe wabwino kwambiri ukuvuta kupeza, koma uli ndi mphamvu zambiri zonyowetsa kuposa chitsulo choponyedwa. Ndiponso, monga momwe zilili ndi chitsulo choponyedwa, kukonza granite wachilengedwe kumafuna ntchito yambiri komanso mtengo.
Ma granite castings olondola amapangidwa posakaniza ma granite aggregates (omwe amaphwanyidwa, kutsukidwa, ndi kuumitsidwa) ndi epoxy resin system pa kutentha kozungulira (monga, njira yozizira yophikira). Quartz aggregate filler ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito mu kapangidwe kake. Kugwedezeka kogwedezeka panthawi yopangira utomoni kumamanga bwino ma granite pamodzi.
Zipangizo zolumikizira ulusi, mbale zachitsulo, ndi mapaipi oziziritsira zitha kuponyedwa mkati panthawi yopangira. Kuti zitheke kusinthasintha kwambiri, mizere yolunjika, njira zotsetsereka pansi ndi zomangira zamagalimoto zitha kubwerezedwanso kapena kulowetsedwa mkati, motero kuchotsa kufunikira kwa makina aliwonse opangidwa pambuyo popangira. Kumaliza kwa pamwamba pa chopangiracho kuli bwino ngati pamwamba pa nkhungu.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwake
Ubwino wake ndi monga:
■ Kuchepetsa kugwedezeka.
■ Kusinthasintha: njira zokhazikika, matanki amadzimadzi a hydraulic, zoyikamo ulusi, madzi odulira, ndi mapaipi a m'njira zonse zitha kuphatikizidwa mu maziko a polima.
■ Kuyika zinthu zoyikamo ndi zina zotero kumathandiza kuti ntchito yokonza zinthu zomalizidwa isachepe kwambiri.
■ Nthawi yopangira zinthu imachepetsedwa poika zinthu zingapo mu choyikapo chimodzi.
■ Sichifuna makulidwe ofanana a khoma, zomwe zimathandiza kuti maziko anu akhale osinthasintha kwambiri.
■ Kukana mankhwala ku zinthu zosungunulira zinthu, ma asidi, ma alkali, ndi madzi odulira.
■ Sichifuna kupenta.
■Chosakaniza chili ndi kuchuluka kofanana ndi aluminiyamu (koma zidutswa zake zimakhala zokhuthala kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu yofanana).
■ Njira yopangira konkire ya polymer yopangidwa ndi konkire imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kwambiri kuposa zopangira zachitsulo. Ma resin a polymer amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kwambiri popanga, ndipo njira yopangirako imachitika kutentha kwa chipinda.
Zipangizo za granite za epoxy zimakhala ndi mphamvu yochepetsera kutentha mkati mwa chitsulo chosungunuka kuwirikiza kakhumi, kuposa granite wachilengedwe kuwirikiza katatu, komanso kuposa kapangidwe ka chitsulo kopangidwa ndi chitsulo kuwirikiza kakhumi. Sizimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zoziziritsira, zimakhala ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kwa nthawi yayitali, kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwabwino, kulimba kwamphamvu komanso kosinthasintha, kuyamwa bwino phokoso, komanso kupsinjika pang'ono kwamkati.
Zoyipa zake ndi monga mphamvu yochepa m'magawo oonda (osakwana 1 inchi (25 mm)), mphamvu yochepa yokoka, komanso kukana kugwedezeka.
Chiyambi cha mafelemu oponyera mchere
Kupangira miyala ndi chimodzi mwa zipangizo zamakono komanso zogwirira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Opanga makina olondola anali m'gulu la anthu oyamba kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira miyala. Masiku ano, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake popangira makina opangira mphero a CNC, makina obowola, makina opukusira ndi makina otulutsa magetsi kukuchulukirachulukira, ndipo ubwino wake suli pa makina othamanga kwambiri okha.
Kuponya mchere, komwe kumatchedwanso kuti epoxy granite material, kumapangidwa ndi zinthu monga miyala, mchenga wa quartz, ufa wa glacial ndi zomangira. Zinthuzo zimasakanizidwa motsatira malangizo olondola ndipo zimathiridwa mu nkhungu zozizira. Maziko olimba ndiye maziko a chipambano!
Zipangizo zamakono za makina ziyenera kugwira ntchito mwachangu komanso mwachangu, komanso kupereka kulondola kwambiri kuposa kale lonse. Komabe, kuthamanga kwambiri koyenda komanso makina olemera zimapangitsa kuti chimango cha makina chizigwedezeka kwambiri. Kugwedezeka kumeneku kudzakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa pamwamba pa gawolo, ndipo kumafupikitsa moyo wa chida. Mafelemu opangidwa ndi mchere amachepetsa kugwedezeka mwachangu - pafupifupi nthawi 6 mwachangu kuposa mafelemu achitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo komanso nthawi 10 mwachangu kuposa mafelemu achitsulo.
Zipangizo zamakina zokhala ndi mabedi oponyera mchere, monga makina opera ndi chopukusira, zimakhala zolondola kwambiri ndipo zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pake pakhale bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonongeka kwa zida kumachepa kwambiri ndipo nthawi yogwirira ntchito imakulitsidwa.
Chimango chopangira miyala yophatikizika (epoxy granite) chimabweretsa zabwino zingapo:
- Kuumba ndi mphamvu: Njira yopangira mchere imapereka ufulu wapadera poyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe a zigawozo. Makhalidwe enieni a chinthucho ndi njirayo zimapangitsa kuti chikhale champhamvu kwambiri komanso cholemera chochepa kwambiri.
- Kuphatikiza zomangamanga: Njira yopangira mchere imalola kuphatikiza kosavuta kwa kapangidwe kake ndi zinthu zina monga njira zoyendetsera, zoyika ulusi ndi zolumikizira za ntchito, panthawi yopangira yeniyeni.
- Kupanga makina ovuta: Zomwe sizingatheke ndi njira zachikhalidwe zimakhala zotheka ndi kupangidwa kwa mchere: Zigawo zingapo zimatha kusonkhana kuti zipange zinthu zovuta pogwiritsa ntchito malo olumikizirana.
- Kulondola kwa mtengo: Nthawi zambiri zinthu zopangidwa ndi mchere zimaponyedwa mpaka kumapeto chifukwa palibe kufupika komwe kumachitika panthawi yolimbitsa. Ndi izi, njira zina zomaliza zokwera mtengo zitha kuthetsedwa.
- Kulondola: Malo ofunikira kwambiri kapena othandizira amapezeka mwa kupitiriza kupukusa, kupanga kapena kugaya. Chifukwa cha izi, malingaliro ambiri a makina amatha kukhazikitsidwa bwino komanso moyenera.
- Kukhazikika bwino kwa kutentha: Kupangidwa kwa mchere kumakhudza pang'onopang'ono kwambiri kusintha kwa kutentha chifukwa kutentha kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kuposa zinthu zachitsulo. Pachifukwa ichi kusintha kwa kutentha kwakanthawi kochepa sikukhudza kwambiri kulondola kwa gawo la chida cha makina. Kukhazikika bwino kwa kutentha kwa bedi la makina kumatanthauza kuti mawonekedwe onse a makina amasamalidwa bwino ndipo, chifukwa chake, zolakwika za geometrical zimachepetsedwa.
- Palibe dzimbiri: Zinthu zopangidwa ndi mchere zimalimbana ndi mafuta, zoziziritsira ndi zakumwa zina zamphamvu.
- Kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwambiri kuti zida zigwire ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali: kuponyera kwathu kwa mchere kumakwaniritsa kuchulukitsa kwa kugwedezeka kwa nthawi 10 kuposa chitsulo kapena chitsulo choponyedwa. Chifukwa cha makhalidwe amenewa, kapangidwe ka makina kamakhala kolimba kwambiri. Ubwino wa izi kwa omanga zida zamakina ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ndi womveka bwino: mawonekedwe abwino a pamwamba pa zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito kapena zoponyedwa pansi komanso nthawi yayitali ya zida zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito zida zichepe.
- Zachilengedwe: Kuwononga chilengedwe panthawi yopanga zinthu kumachepa.
Chimango choponyera mchere poyerekeza ndi chimango chachitsulo choponyedwa
Onani pansipa ubwino wa chimango chathu chatsopano cha mineral casting vs cast iron chomwe chinali chitagwiritsidwa ntchito kale:
| Kuponya Mineral (Epoxy Granite) | Chitsulo Choponyedwa | |
| Kuchepetsa kutentha | Pamwamba | Zochepa |
| Kutentha Kwambiri | Kutentha kochepa ndi kutentha kwakukulu mphamvu | Kutentha kwambiri komanso mphamvu yochepa ya kutentha |
| Mbali Zophatikizidwa | Kapangidwe kopanda malire ndi Chifaniziro chimodzi ndi kulumikizana kosasunthika | Kukonza makina n'kofunikira |
| Kukana Kudzikundikira | Kukwera kwambiri | Zochepa |
| Zachilengedwe Ubwenzi | Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa | Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri |
Mapeto
Kuponya mchere ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira mafelemu a makina athu a CNC. Imapereka ubwino womveka bwino waukadaulo, zachuma komanso zachilengedwe. Ukadaulo woponya mchere umapereka kugwedezeka kwabwino kwambiri, kukana mankhwala ambiri komanso ubwino waukulu wa kutentha (kukulitsa kutentha kofanana ndi kwa chitsulo). Zinthu zolumikizira, zingwe, masensa ndi makina oyezera zonse zitha kutsanuliridwa mu msonkhano.
Kodi ubwino wa malo opangira ma granite bedi opangira miyala ndi wotani?
Zopangira miyala yamtengo wapatali (granite yopangidwa ndi anthu yomwe imatchedwanso resin concrete) zakhala zikudziwika kwambiri mumakampani opanga zida zamakina kwa zaka zoposa 30 ngati zinthu zomangira.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero, ku Ulaya, chida chimodzi mwa zida 10 zilizonse zamakina chimagwiritsa ntchito mineral castings ngati bedi. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chosayenera, chidziwitso chosakwanira kapena cholakwika kungayambitse kukayikira ndi tsankho pa Mineral Castings. Chifukwa chake, popanga zida zatsopano, ndikofunikira kuwunika ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mineral castings ndikuziyerekeza ndi zipangizo zina.
Maziko a makina omanga nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magawo awiri: chitsulo chosungunuka, mineral casting (polymer ndi/kapena reactive resin concrete), chitsulo/welded structure (grouting/non-grouting) ndi miyala yachilengedwe (monga granite). Chida chilichonse chili ndi mawonekedwe akeake, ndipo palibe chida changwiro chomangira. Pokhapokha pofufuza ubwino ndi kuipa kwa chidacho malinga ndi zofunikira za kapangidwe kake, ndi pomwe chida choyenera chomangira chingasankhidwe.
Ntchito ziwiri zofunika kwambiri za zipangizo zomangira—zimatsimikizira mawonekedwe, malo ndi mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, motsatana zimayika patsogolo zofunikira pakugwira ntchito (kusinthasintha, mphamvu ndi kutentha), zofunikira pakugwira ntchito/kapangidwe (kulondola, kulemera, makulidwe a khoma, kusavuta kwa njanji zowongolera) pakukhazikitsa zipangizo, makina oyendera ma media, zoyendera) ndi zofunikira pamtengo (mtengo, kuchuluka, kupezeka, mawonekedwe a makina).
I. Zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa zipangizo zomangira
1. Makhalidwe osasinthasintha
Muyeso woyezera mphamvu zosasunthika za maziko nthawi zambiri ndi kuuma kwa chinthucho—kusintha kochepa pansi pa katundu, osati mphamvu yayikulu. Pakusintha kosasunthika, kuyika kwa mchere kumatha kuonedwa ngati zinthu zofananira za isotropic zomwe zimatsatira lamulo la Hooke.
Kuchulukana ndi kusinthasintha kwa zinthu zopangira mchere ndi 1/3 ya chitsulo chopangidwa. Popeza zinthu zopangira mchere ndi zitsulo zopangidwa zimakhala ndi kuuma komweko, pansi pa kulemera komweko, kuuma kwa zinthu zopangira zitsulo ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi mchere kumakhala kofanana popanda kuganizira momwe mawonekedwe ake amakhudzira. Nthawi zambiri, makulidwe a khoma la zinthu zopangira mchere nthawi zambiri amakhala katatu kuposa a zitsulo zopangidwa ndi chitsulo, ndipo kapangidwe kameneka sikabweretsa mavuto pankhani ya kapangidwe ka makina a chinthucho kapena chopangidwa ndi chitsulo. Zinthu zopangira mchere ndi zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osasinthika omwe amanyamula kupanikizika (monga mabedi, zothandizira, zipilala) ndipo sizoyenera kukhala mafelemu opyapyala ndi/kapena ang'onoang'ono (monga matebulo, ma pallet, zosinthira zida, magalimoto, zothandizira spindle). Kulemera kwa zigawo za kapangidwe kake nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa chifukwa cha zida za opanga zinthu zopangira mchere, ndipo zinthu zopangira mchere zopitirira matani 15 nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa.
2. Makhalidwe amphamvu
Liwiro lozungulira ndi/kapena kuthamanga kwa shaft, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti magwiridwe antchito a makina azikhala ofunikira. Kuyika mwachangu, kusintha zida mwachangu, komanso kudyetsa mwachangu kumalimbitsa mphamvu ya makina komanso kusangalatsa kwa ziwalo za makina. Kuphatikiza pa kapangidwe ka gawo, kupotoka, kufalikira kwa zinthu, ndi kuuma kwa gawo kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mphamvu ya chinyezi cha chinthucho.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mineral castings kumapereka yankho labwino pamavuto awa. Chifukwa chakuti imayamwa kugwedezeka kowirikiza ka 10 kuposa chitsulo chachikhalidwe, imatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zachilengedwe.
Mu ntchito zopanga monga kupangira, zimatha kubweretsa kulondola kwambiri, khalidwe labwino pamwamba, komanso moyo wautali wa zida. Nthawi yomweyo, pankhani ya phokoso, kupangira kwa mchere kunachitanso bwino poyerekezera ndi kutsimikizira maziko, kupangira kwa transmission ndi zowonjezera za zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zamainjini akuluakulu ndi ma centrifuge. Malinga ndi kusanthula kwa phokoso, kupangira kwa mchere kumatha kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa phokoso ndi 20%.
3. Katundu wa kutentha
Akatswiri akuti pafupifupi 80% ya kusintha kwa zida zamakina kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha. Kusokonekera kwa njira monga magwero a kutentha mkati kapena kunja, kutentha koyambirira, kusintha ma workpiece, ndi zina zotero ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa kutentha. Kuti muthe kusankha zinthu zabwino kwambiri, ndikofunikira kufotokoza bwino zomwe zimafunikira pazinthuzo. Kutentha kwakukulu komanso kutentha kochepa kumalola kuti ma mineral castings akhale ndi kutentha kwabwino ku zotsatira za kutentha kwakanthawi (monga kusintha ma workpiece) komanso kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kozungulira. Ngati kutentha koyambirira kukufunika monga bedi lachitsulo kapena kutentha kwa bedi sikuloledwa, zida zotenthetsera kapena zoziziritsira zimatha kuponyedwa mwachindunji mu mineral castings kuti ziwongolere kutentha. Kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chothandizira kutentha chamtunduwu kungathandize kuchepetsa kusintha komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha, zomwe zimathandiza kukonza kulondola pamtengo wokwanira.
II. Zofunikira pa ntchito ndi kapangidwe kake
Kukhulupirika ndi chinthu chosiyanitsa zinthu zopangidwa ndi mineral ndi zinthu zina. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi mineral ndi 45°C, ndipo pamodzi ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi mineral ndi zida zolondola kwambiri, zigawo ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi mineral zimatha kupangidwa pamodzi.
Njira zamakono zopangiranso zinthu zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa malo opanda zinthu zopangira zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito mchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo okhazikika komanso malo ogwirira ntchito omwe safuna kupangidwa. Monga zipangizo zina zoyambira, zopangira zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito mchere zimatsatira malamulo enaake omangira nyumba. Kukhuthala kwa khoma, zowonjezera zonyamula katundu, zoyika nthiti, njira zokwezera ndi kutsitsa zinthu zonse zimasiyana ndi zipangizo zina pamlingo winawake, ndipo ziyenera kuganiziridwa pasadakhale panthawi yopangira.
III. Zofunikira pa mtengo
Ngakhale kuli kofunikira kuganizira kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama kukuonetsa kufunika kwake. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma mineral castings kumathandiza mainjiniya kusunga ndalama zambiri zopangira ndi zogwirira ntchito. Kuphatikiza pa kusunga ndalama zogwirira ntchito, mineral castings, complementation yomaliza, ndi kukweza ndalama zoyendetsera zinthu (kusungiramo zinthu ndi mayendedwe) zonse zimachepetsedwa moyenerera. Poganizira ntchito yapamwamba ya mineral castings, iyenera kuonedwa ngati pulojekiti yonse. Ndipotu, ndikwanzeru kuyerekeza mtengo pamene maziko ayikidwa kapena atayikidwa kale. Mtengo woyambirira wokwera kwambiri ndi mtengo wa mineral castings nkhungu ndi zida, koma mtengo uwu ukhoza kuchepetsedwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali (zidutswa 500-1000 / nkhungu yachitsulo), ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka ndi pafupifupi zidutswa 10-15.
IV. Kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito
Monga zinthu zomangira, zinthu zomangira mchere nthawi zonse zimalowa m'malo mwa zinthu zomangira zachikhalidwe, ndipo chinsinsi cha chitukuko chake mwachangu chili mu zinthu zomangira mchere, nkhungu, ndi zomangira zokhazikika. Pakadali pano, zinthu zomangira mchere zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri a zida zamakina monga makina opukutira ndi makina othamanga kwambiri. Opanga makina opukutira akhala akutsogolera mu gawo la zida zamakina pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomangira mchere pa mabedi a makina. Mwachitsanzo, makampani odziwika padziko lonse lapansi monga ABA z&b, Bahmler, Jung, Mikrosa, Schaudt, Stude, ndi ena akhala akupindula nthawi zonse ndi damping, thermal inertia ndi umphumphu wa zinthu zomangira mchere kuti apeze kulondola kwakukulu komanso khalidwe labwino kwambiri pakupanga zinthu.
Ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira, makina opangira mineral akukondedwa kwambiri ndi makampani otsogola padziko lonse lapansi pantchito yopangira zida. Malo opangira mineral ali ndi kulimba kwabwino kwambiri ndipo amatha kuchotsa mphamvu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa mota yolunjika. Nthawi yomweyo, kuphatikiza kwachilengedwe kwa magwiridwe antchito abwino ogwedera ndi mota yolunjika kumatha kusintha kwambiri mtundu wa pamwamba pa workpiece ndi moyo wa ntchito ya gudumu lopukusira.
Ponena za gawo limodzi. Kutalika kwa 10000mm ndikosavuta kwa ife.
Kodi makulidwe a khoma ndi otani?
Kawirikawiri, makulidwe a gawo locheperako la maziko a makina ayenera kukhala osachepera 60mm. Zigawo zoonda (monga makulidwe a 10mm) zitha kupangidwa ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe osalala.
Kuchepa kwa madzi pambuyo pothira ndi pafupifupi 0.1-0.3mm pa 1000mm iliyonse. Ngati pakufunika zida zolondola kwambiri zoponyera mchere, kulekerera kumatha kuchitika pogaya cnc yachiwiri, kuluka ndi manja, kapena njira zina zomangira.
Zipangizo zathu zopangira mchere zimasankha granite yachilengedwe ya Jinan Black. Makampani ambiri amangosankha granite yachilengedwe yachibadwa kapena miyala yachibadwa pomanga nyumba.
· Zipangizo zopangira: ndi tinthu tapadera ta Jinan Black Granite (yomwe imatchedwanso 'JinanQing' granite) ngati aggregate, yomwe imadziwika padziko lonse chifukwa cha mphamvu zake, kulimba kwake komanso kukana kukalamba;
· Fomula: yokhala ndi ma resins apadera a epoxy olimbikitsidwa ndi zowonjezera, zigawo zosiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri;
· Kapangidwe ka makina: kuyamwa kwa kugwedezeka kumakhala pafupifupi nthawi 10 kuposa chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo, kapangidwe kabwino kosasunthika komanso kosinthasintha;
· Katundu wa thupi: kuchulukana kuli pafupifupi 1/3 ya chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo, katundu woteteza kutentha kwambiri kuposa zitsulo, osati wokhuthala, komanso wokhazikika bwino pa kutentha;
· Kapangidwe ka mankhwala: kukana dzimbiri kwambiri kuposa zitsulo, komanso kuteteza chilengedwe;
· Kulondola kwa miyeso: kufupika kwa mzere pambuyo poyika ndi pafupifupi 0.1-0.3㎜/m2, mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri komanso kulondola kotsutsana ndi miyeso yonse;
· Kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe kake: kapangidwe kovuta kwambiri kangathe kupangidwa, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito granite yachilengedwe nthawi zambiri kumafuna kusonkhana, kulumikiza ndi kugwirizana;
· Kutentha pang'onopang'ono: kuyankha pakusintha kwa kutentha kwakanthawi kochepa kumakhala kocheperako komanso kochepa;
· Zomangira zomangidwira: zomangira, mapaipi, zingwe ndi zipinda zimatha kuyikidwa m'nyumbamo, zinthu zomangira kuphatikizapo chitsulo, miyala, ceramic ndi pulasitiki ndi zina zotero.