Kuwongolera Makina ndi njira yochotsera zinthu zogwirira ntchito nthawi yokwanira. Makina othandiza ali ndi mitundu yambiri, kuphatikiza mphero, kusinthika ndi kutulutsa kwamagetsi. Makina ogwiritsira ntchito masiku ano amawongolera pogwiritsa ntchito zowongolera zamakompyuta (cnc).
Pafupifupi zinthu zonse zitsulo zimagwiritsa ntchito njira yotheration, monganso zinthu zina zambiri monga pulasitiki ndi nkhuni. Makinawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina apadera komanso ophunzitsidwa bwino. Kuti chida chodulira choduliracho, chizikhala chosunthidwa pamayendedwe otchulidwa kuti adulidwe molondola. Nyimboyi imatchedwa "liwiro lodula." Ntchitoyi imathanso kusunthidwa, yomwe imatchedwa yachiwiri ya "chakudya." Onse pamodzi, izi ndi zakuthwa za chida chodulira chololeza makina ogwiritsira ntchito.
Makina olimbitsa thupi amafunikira kuti azitha kutsatira zojambula zapadera kwambiri zopangidwa ndi CAD (makina ogwiritsira ntchito kompyuta) kapena makam (makam (makam (Communing) monga AutoCAD ndi Turbocad. Pulogalamuyi imatha kuthandiza kupanga zojambula zovuta, 3-miyeso yofunikira kuti azipanga chida, makina kapena chinthu. Izi zikuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi zambiri zowonetsetsa kuti chinthu chimasungabe umphumphu. Ngakhale kuti makampani ambiri amagwira ntchito ndi mtundu wina wa Cad / Cam, amagwirabe ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi zojambulajambula pamanja m'magawo oyamba.
Makina owongolera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zingapo kuphatikiza chitsulo, mkuwa, graphite, magalasi ndi pulasitiki kuti atchule ochepa. Kutengera ndi kukula kwa polojekitiyi ndi zinthu zomwe zikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, zida zingapo zoyendetsera makina zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza kulikonse kwa ma pish, makina owombera, makina owombera, machelo ndi zopukutira, komanso ma robotic apamwamba akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Makampani ogulitsa a Aerospace amatha kugwiritsa ntchito velocity yayikulu, pomwe makampani opanga matabwa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito Photo-mankhwala otero ndi njira zowiritsa. Kutalika kwa kuthamangitsidwa, kapena kuchuluka kwa chinthu chilichonse, chikhoza kuchuluka kwa zikwizikwi, kapena ochepa chabe. Kugwiritsa ntchito makina nthawi zambiri kumafuna mapulogalamu a zida za CNC zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amawongolera makompyuta. Chida cha CNC chimalola kuti zigawo zenizeni zizitsatiridwa nthawi yonseyi.
Mipirayi ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito zodulira rutter kuti muchotse zinthu zogwirira ntchito popititsa patsogolo (kapena kudyetsa) wodula kulowa nawo mbali ina. Wodulirayo amathanso kuchitikira ku ngodya ya chitsimikizo cha chida. Milandu imakhudza ntchito zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana, masikelo kuchokera kumadera ang'onoang'ono kupita ku ntchito zazikulu, zolemetsa za gang. Ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito magawo azinthu zoyambira kulolera.
Mphero zitha kuchitika ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zamakina. Gulu loyambirira la zida zamakina kwa mphero linali makina ocheperako (nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mphero). Pambuyo pakubwera kwa manambala apakompyuta (CNC), makina ocheperako osinthika m'makina opangira zida zokha, zida zopangira zida, kuthekera kwa cnc, makina ozizira, ndi mabwalo ozizira. Malo ogulitsa milling nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa ngati malo ofukizira ofuula (ma vmcs) kapena malo oyenda pamakina (HMCS).
Kuphatikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa masinthidwe otembenuka, komanso mosinthanitsa, adayamba kunyamula zida zolawirira ziwirizi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mipanda nthawi zina potembenukira ntchito. Izi zidabweretsa kalasi yatsopano yamakina a zida zamakina, makina angapo (MTMS), omwe ali ndi cholinga chothandizira envelopu yomweyo.
Kwa akatswiri opanga, maasitere a R & D amadalira gawo lawonso mosiyanasiyana, molondola Cnc Makina amalola kuti chilengedwe chisakhale popanda kukonzanso. M'malo mwake, molondola Cnc Makina amagwiritsa ntchito zigawo zomalizidwa kuti zipangidwe pamakina amodzi.
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito imachotsa zinthu ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito zida zingapo zodulira zomaliza, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, kapangidwe kake. Mulingo wa chiwongola dzanja kudzera pakugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera zamakompyuta (cnc), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa bwino zida zamagetsi.
Udindo wa "cnc" molondola
Kugwiritsa ntchito malangizo a pulogalamu ya madongosolo, makina owonetsera a CNC amalola chogwiritsira ntchito cholumikizidwa ndikupangidwira kudera popanda kulowerera popanda kugwiritsa ntchito makina.
Kutenga kapangidwe ka kompyuta Kutengera ndi mtundu wa Cad, pulogalamuyi imatsimikizira njira zomwe zimafunikira ndikupanga nambala yomwe imafotokoza makinawo:
■ Ndi ma RPM olondola ndi odyetsa
■
■ Kuyatsa bwanji
■ Kugwiritsa ntchito movomerezeka
Zina zilizonse zokhudzana ndi liwiro, kudyetsa, ndi mgwirizano
Woyang'anira Cnc ndiye amagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yowongolera, ingoletsani, ndikuwunikira mayendedwe a makinawo.
Masiku ano, Cnc ndi gawo lopangidwa ndi zida zingapo, kuchokera kumapiri, mphero, ndi ma rought to laya edm (zotulutsa zamagetsi), laser, ndi ma plasma odulira. Kuphatikiza pa kukonzanso njira zopangira ndikuwunika, CNC imachotsa ntchito zamalonda ndikumasulira makina angapo kuti ayang'anire makina angapo omwe akuyenda nthawi yomweyo.
Kuphatikiza apo, kamodzi panjira ya chida chapangidwa ndipo makina amakonzedwa, amatha kuyendetsa nthawi iliyonse. Izi zimapereka molondola kwambiri komanso kubwereza, komwe kumapangitsa kuti njirayi ikhale yotsika mtengo komanso yopenda.
Zida zomwe zimapangidwa
Zitsulo zina zomwe zimaphatikizidwa zimaphatikizapo ma aluminium, mkuwa, mkuwa, mkuwa, chitsulo, tincel, ndi zinc. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhuni, thovu, fiberglass, ndi pulasitiki monga polypropylene imatha kukhala yopangidwa.
M'malo mwake, zangonena za zinthu zilizonse zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyenda muyeso - zoona, kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito ndi zofunikira zake.
Ubwino wabwino wa CNC ikuyenda
Kwa magawo ang'onoang'ono ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana opanga, molondola Cnc Makina opangira nsalu nthawi zambiri amatanthauza njira yosankha.
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi njira zonse zodulira ndi zamakina, zida zosiyanasiyana zimachita mosiyana, ndipo kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe a chinthu chinanso chimakhudzanso njirayi. Komabe, ambiri momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito molondola a CNC Makina Othandizira pa njira zina zopangira njira zina zopangira.
Izi ndichifukwa choti CNC Makina otheka kupulumutsa:
Khazikitsani kuchuluka kwa magawo
Kulekerera kolimba, kukhazikika kuchokera ku ± 0.0002 "(± 0,00508 mm) ku ± 0.0005" (± 0.0127 mm)
■ Kusalala bwino kumatha kumatha, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa chizolowezi
■ Kubwerezabwereza, ngakhale kulipo kwapamwamba
Pomwe makina aluso amatha kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya buku kuti apange gawo lazinthu zambiri pa 10 kapena 100, chimachitika ndi chiyani mukafuna magawo 1,000? Magawo 10,000? Magawo 100,000 kapena miliyoni?
Pofotokoza za CNC Makina, mutha kupeza chiwopsezo ndi kuthamanga kofunikira pamtundu wamtunduwu. Kuphatikiza apo, kubwereza kwapamwamba kwa machipatala a CNC kumakupatsani zigawo zomwe zili zofanana ndi chiyambi mpaka kumaliza, ziribe kanthu kuchuluka kwa zomwe mukupanga.
Pali njira zina zapadera za CNC zamagetsi, kuphatikiza waya wa Edm (zotulutsa zamagetsi), zowonjezera zamakina, ndi malembedwe a 3D. Mwachitsanzo, waya Edm amagwiritsa ntchito zida zochititsa chidwi - zitsulo zambiri - ndi magetsi amagetsi kuti athetse ntchito yogwira ntchito mokakamiza.
Komabe, apa tikuyang'ana pa njira zopera komanso zotembenukira - njira ziwiri zoperekera zomwe zimapezeka kawirikawiri kawirikawiri pakuwongolera machikulu a CNC.
Milling vs. kutembenuka
Mitengoyi ndi njira yopangira mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito chida chozungulira chozungulira chodula chodulira ndikuchotsa mawonekedwe. Zida zagalasi, zotchedwa mphero kapena malo opangira, zimathandizira chilengedwe chonse cha geometries pazinthu zina zazikulu.
Chikhalidwe chofunikira kwambiri cha mphero ndikuti ntchito yogwira ntchito imakhala yokhazikika pomwe chidani chodulira. Mwanjira ina, pa mphero, chida chowononga chozungulira chimayenda mozungulira chogwiritsira ntchito, chomwe chimakhazikika pamalo pabedi.
Kutembenuka ndi njira yodulira kapena kugwedeza malo opangira zida zotchedwa kuti lathe. Nthawi zambiri, ma lathe amasuntha ntchito yolunjika kapena yopingasa pomwe chitsimikizo chodulira (chomwe chingakhale kapena sichingakhale chopindika) chimasunthira mzera wojambula.
Chidacho sichingayang'ane gawo. Zinthuzo zimazungulira, kulola chida kuti chigwire ntchito. .
Potembenukira, mosiyana ndi milling, ma spins ogwiritsira ntchito. Magawo a gawo amatembenukira pa spindle ya lamba ndipo chida chodulira chimalumikizidwa ndi ntchito yogwira ntchitoyo.
Manual VS. CNC Makina
Ngakhale mphero zonse ziwiri ndi mapepala amapezeka m'mabuku azamanja, makina a CNC ndioyenera kwambiri chifukwa cha magawo ang'onoang'ono omwe amapanga - kubwereza zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito polekerera kwamphamvu.
Kuphatikiza pa makina osavuta awiri omwe chida chimasunthira mu x ndi z nkhwangwa, zida za CNC zimaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri ya axis momwe ntchitoyo imagwirira ntchito. Izi zikusiyana ndi lapa komwe ntchitoyo imangoyendayenda ndipo zidazi zisamukira kuti apange geometry yomwe mukufuna.
Kusankhidwa kwamitundu yambiri iyi kumalola kuti kupanga ma geometries ochulukirapo mu opareshoni imodzi, osapempha ntchito yowonjezera ndi ogwiritsa ntchito makina. Izi sizimangopangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kubala magawo ovuta, komanso amachepetsa kapena amathetsa mwayi wolakwitsa.
Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta kwambiri poyenda pamanja za CNC kumatsimikizira kuti tchipisi sicholowera mu ntchito, ngakhale pogwiritsa ntchito makinawo ndi spiindle yolimba.
CNC Mills
Makina osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana amasiyanasiyana, makonzedwe a Axis, mitengo yodyetsa, kuthamanga kwa chakudya, njira zina.
Komabe, ambiri, CNC mills onse amagwiritsa ntchito chopopera chodula zinthu zosafunikira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula zitsulo zolimba monga chitsulo ndi titanium koma amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida monga pulasitiki ndi aluminiyamu.
Mipira ya CNC imapangidwa kuti ikhale yobwereza ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chilichonse kuyambira pa prototpelling kuti ipangidwe. Mphero yokhazikika ya CNC imagwiritsidwa ntchito polekerera ntchito molimba monga mphete yabwino imafa ndi nkhungu.
Pomwe mitengo ya CNC imatha kupulumutsa mwachangu mwachangu, zomaliza zomaliza zimapanga magawo omwe ali ndi chida chowoneka. Ikhozanso kupanga zinthu ndi mbali zakuthwa ndi zowonda, motero njira zowonjezera zingafunikire ngati m'mbali ndi zigoli zosavomerezeka pazomwe zili.
Zachidziwikire, zida zodalirika zomwe zidapangidwa m'njira zotsatizana, ngakhale zimakwaniritsa 90% ya chizolowezi chomalizidwa nthawi zambiri, kusiya zinthu zina pamanja komaliza.
Ponena kuti pali zida, pali zida zomwe zimabala zochepa zovomerezeka, komanso kutsiriza kwa kalasi kochepa pamagawo a ntchito.
Mitundu ya CNC Mills
Mitundu iwiri yoyambira yamakina amadziwika kuti ndi malo ofukula zamakina ndi malo ozungulira, pomwe kusiyana koyambirira kumachitika pakulowetsa makina.
Center yolumikizira yolumikizira ndi mphero yomwe sindle axis yolumikizidwa mu chitsogozo cha Z-axis. Makina ofukula awa amatha kugawidwanso m'mitundu iwiri:
■ mphero zogona, pomwe chopindika chimafanana ndi matebulo pomwe patebulo limayang'ana paxis ya spindle
■ Turtret Mills, pomwe chopondera chimasunthika ndipo tebulo limasunthidwa kotero kuti nthawi zonse limakhala ndikufanana ndi ma axis ogulitsa
Pakatikati pa yopingasa, zopindika za mphero zimaphatikizidwa mu y-axis malangizo. Kapangidwe kopingasa kumatanthauza kuti mpherozi zimakonda kunyamula malo ambiri pa malo ogulitsira; Zimakhalanso zolemera komanso zamphamvu kuposa makina ofukula.
Migoyo yopingasa nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kumalizako kumafunikira; Ndi chifukwa chakuti cholumikizira chimatanthawuza kuti tchipisi chodulira chilengedwe chimagwera ndipo chimachotsedwa mosavuta. (Monga phindu linanso, Kuchotsa chip kumathandizira kukulitsa moyo wa Chida.)
Pagulu lonse, malo ofukula masinjidwe ali ochulukirapo chifukwa amatha kukhala amphamvu ngati malo opingasa poyenda ndipo amatha kugwira zigawo zazing'ono kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, malo otsetsereka amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono kuposa malo ozungulira.
Mipira yambiri ya axis CNC
Malo a CNC Miy Mill akupezeka ndi nkhwangwa zingapo. Mill ya 3-axis imagwiritsa ntchito x, y, ndi z zogwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ndili ndi migodi ya 4-axis, makinawo amatha kuzungulira pa nxis yopingasa ndikusunthira ntchito yosungirako machitetezo opitiliza.
Mphepo ya 5 ya axis ili ndi axes miyambo iwiri yachikhalidwe komanso nkhwangwa ziwiri zowonjezera, zomwe zimathandizira ntchito yogwira ntchito kuti isunthike ngati mutu wa spindle umayenda mozungulira. Izi zimathandizira mbali zisanu za ntchito yogwira ntchito kuti zisachotse ntchitoyo ndikubwezeretsa makinawo.
CNC LATSA
A Lathe - amatchedwanso Center Center - ili ndi imodzi kapena zingapo spinder, ndi x ndi z nkhwangwa. Makinawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozungulira lojambula pa axis yake kuti achitepo kanthu kudula kosiyanasiyana ndikupanga ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zingapo zogwirira ntchito.
CNC LATSATSA, yomwe imatchedwanso chizolowezi cha chikondwererochi, ndizabwino kuti mupange zigawo za cymmetrical kapena zotupa. Monga CNC Mills, CNC LATS imatha kuthana ndi ntchito zazing'onoting'ono zotere komanso zimatha kukhazikitsidwa kuti zizichita zambiri, zimathandizira kwambiri.
CNC LANSS ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa kwaulere, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri muzovuta, zamagetsi, Aerospace, mafakitale, ndi mafakitale azachipatala.
Momwe Cnc Lathe
Ndi cnc lathe, bar yopanda kanthu ka katundu imakwezedwa mu cuindle ya lamba. Chuckchi chimagwira malo ogwiritsira ntchito malo pomwe spindle imazungulira. Pamene spindle ifika liwiro lofunikira, chida chodulira chimalumikizidwa ndi ntchito yonyamula katundu kuti achotse zinthu ndikukwaniritsa mawonekedwe olondola.
A CNC lathe amatha kugwira ntchito zingapo, monga kubowola, kubisa, zotopetsa, kukonzanso, kuyang'anizana. Ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimafunikira zida zosintha ndipo zimatha kuwonjezera ndalama ndi kukhazikitsa nthawi.
Pamene ntchito zonse zofunika kukwaniritsidwa zimatsirizika, gawo limadulidwa kuchokera ku masheya kuti mukonzensonso kukonzanso, ngati pangafunike. Cnc lathe nthawi yakonzeka kubwereza opaleshoniyo, yokhazikika kapena yofiyira nthawi zambiri imafunikira pakati.
CNC LTTS imathandiziranso zakudya zodyetsa zokhazokha, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa ndikupereka zabwino monga izi:
■ Kuchepetsa nthawi ndi kuyesetsa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito makina
■ Kuthandizira max amachepetsa kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka komwe kungasokoneze
Lolani chida chofunikira kugwira ntchito yotsatsa kuthamanga
■ Kuchepetsa nthawi yosinthira
Chepetsani zinyalala zachuma
Mitundu ya CNC LATSA
Pali mitundu ingapo ya matalala angapo, koma odziwika kwambiri ndi axis Cnc Latch ndi China.
Ambiri a CNC China Lathatch gwiritsani ntchito imodzi kapena ziwiri kapena ziwiri kapena ziwiri zakumbuyo (kapena sekondale) spindles, ndi kusinthana kozungulira komwe kwayamba kale. Chotupa chachikulu chimagwira ntchito yoyamba, mothandizidwa ndi bur bu bulo.
Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe ena a matalala amapezeka ndi mutu wachiwiri womwe umagwira ngati mphukira ya CNC.
Ndi CNC China-Tractot Auto Okhathatikiti, Zinthu za Stock zimadyetsedwa kudzera mumutu wotsika ndikuwongolera mu bur bushing. Izi zimathandiza chida chodulira pafupi ndi momwe zinthuzo zimathandizira, ndikupangitsa makina a China kukhala othandiza makamaka kwa nthawi yayitali, owonda amatembenukira mbali ndi ma malatachi.
Mitundu yambiri ya axis Cnc Cnc Cnc ndi China - Zolemba Zilotilo zimatha kukwaniritsa ntchito zingapo pogwiritsa ntchito makina amodzi. Izi zimawapangitsa kusankha bwino kwamphamvu kwa ma geometies omwe angafune makina angapo kapena chida chosintha pogwiritsa ntchito zida monga chikhalidwe cha CNC.