Pakupanga zinthu molondola, kusonkhanitsa zinthu zamlengalenga, ndi masitolo apamwamba kwambiri ku Europe ndi North America, pali chowonadi chodekha koma chofunikira chomwe akatswiri odziwa bwino za metro amatsatira: ngakhale zida zanu zitakhala zapamwamba bwanji, muyeso wanu ndi wodalirika ngati pamwamba pomwe akutchulidwa. Ndipo pankhani yolondola kwa maziko, palibe chilichonse—ngakhale chitsulo chosungunuka, osati chitsulo, kapena chophatikizika—chofanana ndi kukhazikika kwa granite pamwamba pa mbale yowunikira. Komabe ngakhale kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri, chinthu chofunikira ichi nthawi zambiri chimaonedwa ngati benchi logwirira ntchito lopanda ntchito m'malo mwa muyezo wogwirira ntchito wa metrology womwe ulidi.
Zotsatira za kusasamala kumeneko zingakhale zobisika koma zodula. Katswiri wa makina amalumikiza chipangizo chovuta pogwiritsa ntchito zoyezera kutalika pa mbale yosweka kapena yosatsimikizika. Woyang'anira amaonetsetsa kuti malo otsekeredwa ndi chizindikiro choyimitsidwa pa maziko opotoka. Mainjiniya wabwino amavomereza gulu lochokera ku deta ya CMM yomwe sinatsimikizidwepo motsutsana ndi malo odziwika bwino. Pazochitika zonse, zida zitha kugwira ntchito bwino - koma maziko omwe ali pansi pake ndi ofooka. Ndicho chifukwa chake kumvetsetsa luso, zofooka, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mbale yanu yowunikira granite, makamaka mukamagwira ntchito ndi makina akuluakulu a granite pamwamba, si njira yabwino yokha - ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi khalidwe lolondola komanso lotetezeka.
Granite yakhala chinthu chosankhidwa kwambirimalo ofotokozera molondolakuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, komanso pazifukwa zomveka zasayansi. Kapangidwe kake kokhuthala, kosalala bwino kamapereka kulimba kwapadera, kutentha kochepa (nthawi zambiri 6–8 µm/m·°C), komanso kugwedezeka kwachilengedwe—zonsezi ndizofunikira kwambiri poyesa mobwerezabwereza. Mosiyana ndi mbale zachitsulo, zomwe zimawononga, zimasunga kupsinjika, ndikukulirakulira kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa kutentha kwa malo, granite imakhalabe yokhazikika m'mizere pansi pa mikhalidwe yanthawi zonse ya workshop. Ichi ndichifukwa chake miyezo monga ASME B89.3.7 ndi ISO 8512-2 imatchula granite—osati ngati chokonda, koma ngati chofunikira choyambirira—pa mbale zapamwamba za Giredi 00 mpaka Giredi 1 zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa ndikuwunika.
Koma kukula kumabweretsa mavuto atsopano.mbale ya pamwamba pa granite—tiyerekeze, 2000 x 1000 mm kapena kuposerapo—si mtundu wokhawo wa mbale yokhazikika. Kulemera kwake (nthawi zambiri kumapitirira 800 kg) kumafuna mawonekedwe olondola othandizira kuti asagwedezeke. Ma gradients a kutentha pa kulemera kwake amatha kupanga ma curvatures ang'onoang'ono ngati sakuzolowera bwino. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti kulekerera kwa flatness kumakula malinga ndi kukula (monga, ±13 µm pa mbale ya 2000 x 1000 mm ya Giredi 0 pa ISO 8512-2), ngakhale kusintha pang'ono kumakhala kofunikira patali. Apa ndi pomwe luso limakumana ndi uinjiniya: mbale zazikulu za granite sizimangodulidwa ndi kupukutidwa—zimachepetsedwa kupsinjika kwa miyezi ingapo, zimalumikizidwa ndi manja kwa milungu ingapo, ndipo zimatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito laser interferometers kapena electron levels pamalo mazana ambiri pamwamba.
Chofunikanso ndi momwe ma plate awa amagwirizanirana ndi zida zoyezera pamwamba pa plate. Ma geji a kutalika, zizindikiro zoyesera zoyimba, mipiringidzo ya sine, masikweya olondola, ma gage block, ndi ma optical comparator onse amaganiza kuti pamwamba pake ndi pabwino kwambiri. Ngati sichoncho, kuwerenga kulikonse kumalandira cholakwika chimenecho. Mwachitsanzo, mukamagwiritsa ntchito digito height gauge poyesa kutalika kwa masitepe pa engine block, kuviika kwa ma micron 10 mu plate kumatanthauza mwachindunji kukhala cholakwika cha ma micron 10 mu mulingo wanu womwe wanenedwa—ngakhale geji yokhayo ili yolinganizidwa bwino. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma lab apamwamba samangokhala ndi granite plate; amaiona ngati muyezo wa moyo, kukonza nthawi zonse, kuwongolera kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, ndikulemba momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Ku ZHHIMG, tawona mwachindunji momwe kusintha kwa mbale yowunikira ya granite yovomerezeka kumasinthira zotsatira zabwino. Wopanga nkhungu wina waku Europe adasintha tebulo lawo lachitsulo chakale ndi mbale ya granite ya 1500 x 1000 mm ya Giredi 0 ndipo adawona kusiyana kwa muyeso wa ogwiritsira ntchito pakati pa ogwiritsira ntchito kutsika ndi 40%. Zida zawo sizinasinthe—koma zomwe adalemba zidasintha. Kasitomala wina m'gulu la zida zamankhwala adapambana kafukufuku wokhwima wa FDA atangopereka satifiketi yonse yowunikira mbale yawo yayikulu ya granite, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti ikutsatira miyezo ya dziko. Izi si zopambana zokha; ndi zotsatira zodziwikiratu mukakhazikitsa metrology yanu m'chowonadi chenicheni.
Ndikoyeneranso kuchotsa nthano yodziwika bwino: kuti granite ndi yofooka. Ngakhale imatha kusweka ngati yamenyedwa mwamphamvu ndi chitsulo cholimba, imakhala yolimba kwambiri ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachizolowezi. Siichita dzimbiri, siifuna mafuta, ndipo siingasinthe chifukwa cha chinyezi kapena kusintha kwa kutentha pang'ono. Ndi chisamaliro choyambira—kuyeretsa nthawi zonse ndi isopropyl alcohol, kupewa kugunda mwachindunji, ndi chithandizo choyenera—yabwino kwambirimbale ya graniteZitha kukhala zaka 30 kapena kuposerapo. Ma plate ambiri omwe adayikidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1970 akadali ogwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku mpaka pano, kusalala kwawo sikunasinthe.
Mukasankha mbale yowunikira pamwamba pa granite, yang'anani kupitirira kukongola. Tsimikizani giredi (Giredi 00 ya ma lab owerengera, Giredi 0 yakuwunika kolondola kwambiri), tsimikizani kuti satifiketiyo ikuphatikizapo mapu osalala (osati sitampu yodutsa/yolephera), ndikuwonetsetsa kuti wogulitsayo akupereka malangizo pakukonzekera, kusamalira, ndi nthawi zokonzanso. Pa kukhazikitsa mbale zazikulu za granite pamwamba, funsani za malo oimikapo omwe ali ndi mapazi osinthika komanso kugwedezeka kosiyana - kofunikira kwambiri kuti musunge kulondola m'malo opangira.
Ndipo kumbukirani: zida zanu zoyezera mbale ya pamwamba zimakhala zowona mtima ngati pamwamba pomwe zimakhala. Gaugeonawarpedtable yotalika 10,000 ndi yolondola kwambiri pa mbale ya granite yovomerezeka. Kulondola sikutanthauza chida chokwera mtengo kwambiri—koma ndi chizindikiro chodalirika kwambiri.
Ku ZHHIMG, timagwirizana ndi ma workshop apamwamba omwe amaphatikiza njira zamakono zolumikizirana ndi kutsimikizira kwamakono kwa metrology. Mbale iliyonse yomwe timapereka imayesedwa payekhapayekha, kusinthidwa, ndikutsatiridwa ndi satifiketi yonse ya NIST yotsatirika. Sitikhulupirira "pafupi mokwanira." Mu metrology, palibe chinthu choterocho.
Dzifunseni nokha: pamene gawo lanu lofunika kwambiri lipambana mayeso omaliza, kodi mumadalira nambalayo—kapena kufunsa funso lomwe lili pansi pake? Yankho likhoza kudziwa ngati mayeso anu otsatira apambana kapena abwerera m'mbuyo. Chifukwa m'dziko lolondola, umphumphu umayamba kuyambira pansi. Ndipo ku ZHHIMG, tadzipereka kuonetsetsa kuti malowo ndi olimba, okhazikika, komanso olondola mwasayansi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-09-2025