Mu dziko lopangidwa ndi makina opangidwa ndi makina olondola kwambiri, komwe makina ovuta kutsatira laser ndi ma algorithms apamwamba amayendetsa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka zinthu, zingawoneke ngati zotsutsana kuti kulondola kwa geometric kumadalirabe zida zomwe zidayamba kale kwambiri pa metrology. Komabe, pamene makampaniwa akulowa kwambiri m'magawo a sub-micron ndi nanometer, ntchito yoyambira ya zida zolondola za granite—makamaka granite straight ruler yokhala ndi Giredi 00 precision, granite square, ndisikweya ya granite tri—sichimangokhazikika, koma chimakulitsidwa. Zida zosasunthika izi ndi mfundo zosasinthika zomwe zimatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito a machitidwe apamwamba kwambiri osinthika.
Kufunika kwa zida zowunikira granite izi kumachokera ku mfundo yofunikira yakuthupi: kukhazikika kwa kutentha ndi makina. Makina aliwonse opangidwira kulondola kwambiri ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti miyeso yake ndi kuyenda kolunjika ndi kowona, kolunjika, komanso kolunjika. Pamene kupanga kwamakono kumafuna kukhazikika kwa miyeso komwe sikukhudzidwa ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kapena kugwedezeka kwakunja, zipangizo monga chitsulo kapena chitsulo chopangidwa—chomwe chili ndi coefficient yayikulu ya expansion ya kutentha (CTE) komanso mphamvu yochepa ya damping—zimalephera mayesowo.
Koma granite imapereka malo abwino kwambiri okhazikika. CTE yake yotsika imatanthauza kuti kusintha kwa kutentha kumayambitsa kusuntha kochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu choyenera kwambiri chofotokozera malo ofunikira omwe amakhala odziwikiratu. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu yake yayikulu yochepetsera kutentha imayamwa kugwedezeka mwachangu, kuletsa phokoso ndi kumveka komwe zida zachitsulo zingafalikire, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri m'ma laboratories a metrology ndi malo osonkhanitsira komwe phokoso lozungulira limakhala lovuta nthawi zonse.
Maziko a Linearity: Granite Straight Ruler yokhala ndi Giredi 00 Precision
Kuyeza kuongoka ndiye maziko a metrology yozungulira. Chitsogozo chilichonse cholunjika, mpweya wozungulira, ndi mzere wa CMM zimadalira njira yowongoka yotsimikizika. Pa ntchito zovuta kwambiri, granite straight ruler yokhala ndi Giredi 00 yolondola imakhala mphamvu yeniyeni.
Kusankhidwa kwa Giredi 00 (kapena Giredi Yofanana ndi Master) kumatanthauza mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa kulondola komwe kungatheke kunja kwa ma laboratories a miyezo ya dziko. Mulingo uwu wa kulondola umafuna kuti kupotoka kolunjika m'mphepete yonse yogwirira ntchito ya rula kuyenera kuyezedwa m'zigawo za micron. Kukwaniritsa mulingo uwu wa kukhulupirika kwa geometric sikutanthauza zinthu zoyenera zokha komanso njira yowongolera bwino yopangira.
Njira yopangira iyenera kutsatira malamulo okhwima apadziko lonse lapansi, monga miyezo ya DIN, JIS, ASME, kapena GB. Miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi iyi imalamulira njira zoyesera, momwe chilengedwe chilili, komanso kulekerera kovomerezeka. Kwa opanga omwe amatumikira makasitomala apadziko lonse lapansi—kuyambira makampani opanga ma semiconductor aku Japan mpaka opanga zida zamakina aku Germany—kuthekera kotsimikizira wolamulira wowongoka wa granite motsutsana ndi miyezo yambiri nthawi imodzi ndi chizindikiro cha luso laukadaulo komanso kulimba kwa makina abwino. Ntchito ya wolamulira uyu ndi yosavuta: kupereka mzere wosasinthika womwe cholakwika chowongoka cha dynamic machine axis chingapangidwe ndikulipidwa.
Kufotokozera Kukhazikika: Granite Square ndi Granite Tri Square
Ngakhale kulunjika kumalamulira khalidwe la kuyenda kolunjika, perpendicularity (kapena squareness) imalamulira momwe makina amagwirira ntchito. Kulumikizana kwa ma axes oyenda (monga ma axes a X ndi Y, kapena axis ya Z poyerekeza ndi base plane) kuyenera kukhala kolondola 90°. Kupatuka kulikonse pano, komwe kumadziwika kuti squareness error, kumatanthauza mwachindunji kukhala cholakwika cha malo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zopezera malo enieni.
Chigawo cha granite ndi chikwere cha granite tri ndi zida zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira ngodya yoyambira iyi.
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Chikwakwa cha granite nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kukula kwa ma axes a makina poyerekeza ndi mbale yolozera pamwamba kapena kutsimikizira kukhazikika kwa zigawo panthawi yopangira. Kukhazikika kwake kolimba kofanana ndi L kumatsimikizira kuti nkhope ziwiri zogwirira ntchito zimasungidwa pa ngodya yovomerezeka ya 90°.
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Chigawo cha granite tri (kapena master square) chimapereka mawonekedwe apadera a nkhope zitatu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti muwone bwino mawonekedwe a cubic mkati mwa chimango cha makina. Kapangidwe kameneka ndi kothandiza kwambiri pakukhazikitsa malire a cubic a CMMs kapena mafelemu akuluakulu a makina, kuonetsetsa kuti mapulaneti onse ndi a sikweya kwa wina ndi mnzake komanso pansi.
Monga rula wowongoka, mabwalo awa ayenera kupeza satifiketi ya Giredi 00, zomwe zimafuna kuti ma angles akhale olondola mkati mwa masekondi a arc. Ntchitoyi imadalira kukhazikika kwa granite komanso luso losasinthika la akatswiri aluso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zaka zambiri akugwira ntchito yolumikiza ndi manja kuti akwaniritse mawonekedwe omaliza komanso opanda cholakwika a pamwamba.
Zachilengedwe Zaluso: Zoposa Mwala Wokha
Ulamuliro wa zida zoyezera granite izi sizinthu zokha, komanso m'chilengedwe chonse chomwe chimathandizira kutsimikizira ndi kupanga kwawo. Makampani omwe akutsogolera mu gawoli akumvetsa kuti kulondola ndi chikhalidwe, osati kungofotokozera za chinthu chokha.
Zimayamba ndi akatswiri aluso. M'ma workshop apadera komanso olamulidwa bwino, akatswiri opera bwino nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zaka makumi atatu kapena kuposerapo. Anthu awa ndi akatswiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ma lapping plate apadera ndi mankhwala ophera kuti akonze zolakwika zazing'ono kwambiri pamanja, nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi kulekerera komwe manja awo amatha kuzindikira bwino kuposa masensa ambiri amagetsi. Chidziwitso chawo chosonkhanitsidwa chimawalola kukwaniritsa kumaliza pamwamba komwe kumakankhira malire a kusalala ndi kulunjika, nthawi zina kufika pansi pa sikelo ya nanometer kuti amalize bwino kwambiri pogwiritsira ntchito mpweya. Luso la anthu ili ndilo losiyanitsa kwambiri pakukwaniritsa zofunikira za Giredi 00 zolimba.
Luso limeneli limafufuzidwa bwino kwambiri ndipo limatsimikiziridwa. Malo opangira zinthu ayenera kukhala okhazikika kwambiri, okhala ndi zipinda zoyera zoyendetsedwa ndi nyengo, maziko a konkriti oletsa kugwedezeka, ndi zida zapadera zoyezera monga laser interferometers ndi milingo yamagetsi yomwe imayesedwa nthawi zonse ndikutsatiridwa ndi ma laboratories a miyezo ya dziko. Kudzipereka kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti mawonekedwe ovomerezeka a chinthucho amakhalabe oona kuyambira nthawi yomwe chimachoka ku fakitale.
Kudalira zida zakale koma zangwirozi kumatsimikizira choonadi chachikulu mu uinjiniya wolondola kwambiri: kufunafuna liwiro losinthasintha ndi zovuta zamakompyuta nthawi zonse ziyenera kulumikizidwa ku geometric reality yosasinthika komanso yotsimikizika. Granite straight ruler yokhala ndi Giredi 00 yolondola, granite square, ndi granite tri square si zotsalira zakale; ndi miyezo yofunikira, yosasinthasintha yomwe imatsimikizira umphumphu wa geometric wamtsogolo. Mwa kusunga kutsatira kwambiri miyezo ya DIN, JIS, ASME, ndi GB, opanga akatswiri amaonetsetsa kuti chidutswa cha mwala choyambira chimakhalabe chida chapamwamba kwambiri chofotokozera chowonadi cha miyeso.
Nthawi yotumizira: Dec-08-2025