Malizitsani Makina a CMM ndi Maupangiri oyezera

Kodi CMM Machine ndi chiyani?

Tangoganizani makina a CNC omwe amatha kupanga miyeso yolondola kwambiri m'njira yodzipangira okha.Izi ndi zomwe CMM Machines amachita!

CMM imayimira "Coordinate Measuring Machine".Mwina ndi zida zoyezera kwambiri za 3D malinga ndi kuphatikiza kwawo kusinthasintha, kulondola, komanso liwiro.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makina Oyezera a Coordinate

Makina Oyezera a Coordinate ndi ofunika nthawi iliyonse miyeso yolondola ikafunika kupangidwa.Ndipo miyeso ikavuta kapena yochulukira, ndiyothandiza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito CMM.

Nthawi zambiri ma CMM amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira khalidwe.Ndiko kuti, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kuti gawolo likugwirizana ndi zomwe wopanga amafunikira komanso zomwe akufuna.

Akhozanso kuzolowerainjiniya wobwererambali zomwe zilipo popanga miyeso yolondola ya mawonekedwe ake.

Ndani adapanga Makina a CMM?

Makina oyamba a CMM adapangidwa ndi Ferranti Company of Scotland m'ma 1950.Anali ofunikira kuti ayezedwe mwatsatanetsatane mbali zazamlengalenga ndi mafakitale achitetezo.Makina oyambirira anali ndi nkhwangwa ziwiri zokha zoyenda.Makina atatu a axis adayambitsidwa m'ma 1960 ndi DEA yaku Italy.Kuwongolera makompyuta kunayamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, ndipo kunayambitsidwa ndi Sheffield waku USA.

Mitundu ya Makina a CMM

Pali mitundu isanu ya makina oyezera ogwirizana:

• Mtundu wa Bridge CMM: Mu kapangidwe kameneka, kofala kwambiri, mutu wa CMM ukukwera pa mlatho.Mbali imodzi ya mlatho ikukwera pa njanji pa bedi, ndipo ina imathandizidwa ndi mpweya kapena njira ina pabedi popanda njanji yowongolera.
• Cantilever CMM: Cantilever imathandizira mlatho kumbali imodzi yokha.
• Gantry CMM: Gantry amagwiritsa ntchito njanji yowongolera mbali zonse, ngati CNC Router.Awa ndi ma CMM akulu kwambiri, chifukwa chake amafunikira chithandizo chowonjezera.
• Horizontal Arm CMM: Tangoganizirani za cantilever, koma mlatho wonse ukusunthira mmwamba ndi pansi ndi mkono umodzi m'malo mozungulira mozungulira.Awa ndi ma CMM olondola kwambiri, koma amatha kuyeza zoonda zazikulu monga matupi agalimoto.
• Portable Arm Type CMM: Makinawa amagwiritsa ntchito mikono yolumikizana ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala pamanja.M'malo moyesa XYZ mwachindunji, amawerengera zolumikizira kuchokera pamalo ozungulira a cholumikizira chilichonse komanso kutalika kodziwika pakati pa mfundo.

Iliyonse ili ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zake malinga ndi mitundu ya miyeso yoti ipangidwe.Mitundu iyi imatanthawuza mawonekedwe a makina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyikapokufufuzamogwirizana ndi gawo lomwe likuyezedwa.

Nali tebulo lothandizira kuti mumvetsetse zabwino ndi zoyipa:

Ma probe nthawi zambiri amayikidwa mu miyeso 3-X, Y, ndi Z. Komabe, makina otsogola amathanso kulola kuti ma probe asinthe kulola kuyeza m'malo omwe kafukufukuyo sakanatha kufikako.Matebulo ozungulira atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kuthekera kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Ma CMM nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi granite ndi aluminiyamu, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe a mpweya

Pulojekiti ndi sensa yomwe imatsimikizira komwe pamwamba pa gawolo ndi pamene muyeso wapangidwa.

Mitundu ya probe ikuphatikizapo:

• Zimango
• Kuwala
• Laser
• Kuwala Koyera

Makina oyezera a Coordinate amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zitatu:

• Madipatimenti Oyang'anira Ubwino: Awa ndi awa omwe amasungidwa m'zipinda zoyera zoyendetsedwa ndi nyengo kuti azitha kulondola.
• Malo Ogulitsira: Apa ma CMM ali pansi pakati pa Makina a CNC kuti apangitse kuti aziyendera mosavuta ngati gawo la cell yopangira yomwe ili ndi kuyenda kochepa pakati pa CMM ndi makina omwe magawo akupangidwa.Izi zimapangitsa kuti miyeso ipangidwe kale komanso nthawi zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asungidwe ngati zolakwika zimazindikirika posachedwa.
• Zonyamula: Ma CMM onyamula ndi osavuta kuyenda.Atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito Pansi pa Masitolo kapena kupita kumalo akutali ndi malo opangirako kuti ayeze magawo omwe ali m'munda.

Kodi Makina a CMM (Kulondola kwa CMM) Ndi Olondola Motani?

Kulondola kwa Coordinate Measurement Machines kumasiyanasiyana.Nthawi zambiri, amayang'ana kulondola kwa micrometer kapena bwino.Koma si zophweka.Chifukwa chimodzi, cholakwika chikhoza kukhala ntchito ya kukula, kotero cholakwika choyezera cha CMM chikhoza kufotokozedwa ngati njira yayifupi yomwe imaphatikizapo kutalika kwa muyeso ngati kusintha.

Mwachitsanzo, Hexagon's Global Classic CMM yalembedwa ngati CMM yotsika mtengo ya zolinga zonse, ndipo imatchula kulondola kwake monga:

1.0 + L/300um

Miyezo imeneyo ili mu ma microns ndipo L imatchulidwa mu mm.Ndiye tinene kuti tikuyesera kuyeza kutalika kwa mawonekedwe a 10mm.Njirayi ingakhale 1.0 + 10/300 = 1.0 + 1/30 kapena 1.03 microns.

Micron ndi chikwi chimodzi cha mm, chomwe chili pafupifupi mainchesi 0.00003937.Chifukwa chake cholakwika pakuyeza kutalika kwa 10mm ndi 0.00103 mm kapena mainchesi 0.00004055.Ndizo zosakwana theka la theka la khumi-cholakwika chaching'ono kwambiri!

Kumbali inayi, munthu ayenera kukhala ndi zolondola 10x zomwe tikuyesera kuyeza.Chifukwa chake zikutanthauza kuti tingodalira muyeso uwu ku 10x mtengowo, kapena mainchesi 0.00005.Kulakwitsa kochepa kwambiri.

Zinthu zimafika poipa kwambiri pamiyezo ya CMM ya shopu.Ngati CMM imayikidwa mu labu yoyang'anira kutentha, imathandiza kwambiri.Koma pa Shop Floor, kutentha kumatha kusiyana kwambiri.Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe CMM ingalipire kusintha kwa kutentha, koma palibe yomwe ili yabwino.

Opanga CMM nthawi zambiri amatchula kulondola kwa bandi ya kutentha, ndipo malinga ndi muyezo wa ISO 10360-2 wolondola wa CMM, gulu wamba ndi 64-72F (18-22C).Ndizobwino pokhapokha Shopu yanu ili ndi 86F m'chilimwe.Ndiye mulibe chizindikiro chabwino cha cholakwikacho.

Opanga ena amakupatsani masitepe kapena magulu a kutentha okhala ndi zolondola zosiyanasiyana.Koma chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati muli m'magulu angapo a magawo omwewo nthawi zosiyanasiyana za tsiku kapena masiku osiyanasiyana a sabata?

Wina amayamba kupanga bajeti yosatsimikizika yomwe imalola kuti pakhale zovuta kwambiri.Ngati zovuta kwambiri izi zimabweretsa kulolerana kosavomerezeka kwa magawo anu, kusintha kwina kumafunika:

• Mutha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito CMM mpaka nthawi zina zatsiku nyengo ikagwa m'malo abwino.
• Mutha kusankha makina ocheperako pang'ono kapena mawonekedwe nthawi zina zatsiku.
• Ma CMM abwinoko atha kukhala ndi zowunikira zabwinoko zamitundu yanu ya kutentha.Zitha kukhala zamtengo wapatali ngakhale zingakhale zodula kwambiri.

Zachidziwikire izi zitha kusokoneza luso lanu lokonzekera bwino ntchito zanu.Mwadzidzidzi mukuganiza kuti kuwongolera kwanyengo pa Shop Floor kungakhale kopindulitsa.

Mutha kuwona momwe muyeso wonsewo umakhalira wovuta kwambiri.

Chinthu chinanso chomwe chimayendera limodzi ndi momwe kulolerana kumayang'aniridwa ndi CMM.Muyezo wagolide ndi Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T).Onani maphunziro athu oyambira pa GD&T kuti mudziwe zambiri.

Pulogalamu ya CMM

Ma CMM amayendetsa mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana.Muyezowu umatchedwa DMIS, kuimira Dimensional Measurement Interface Standard.Ngakhale si mawonekedwe akuluakulu a pulogalamu ya CMM iliyonse, ambiri a iwo amachirikiza.

Opanga apanga zokometsera zawo zapadera kuti awonjezere ntchito zoyezera zomwe sizimathandizidwa ndi DMIS.

DMIS

Monga tafotokozera DMIS, ndiye muyeso, koma monga g-code ya CNC, pali zilankhulo zambiri kuphatikiza:

• PC-DMIS: Mtundu wa Hexagon
• OpenDMIS
• TouchDMIS: Perceptron

MCOSMOS

MCOSTMOS ndi pulogalamu ya CMM ya Nikon.

Kalipso

Calypso ndi pulogalamu ya CMM yochokera ku Zeiss.

CMM ndi CAD/CAM Software

Kodi CMM Software ndi Programming zimagwirizana bwanji ndi CAD/CAM Software?

Pali mitundu ingapo yamafayilo a CAD, kotero yang'anani kuti ndi ati Mapulogalamu anu a CMM omwe amagwirizana nawo.Kuphatikiza komaliza kumatchedwa Model Based Definition (MBD).Ndi MBD, mtundu womwewo ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa miyeso ya CMM.

MDB ndiyotsogola kwambiri, chifukwa chake siigwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zambiri.

CMM Probes, Zosintha, ndi Chalk

CMM Amafufuza

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma probe ndi mawonekedwe omwe alipo kuti athandizire ntchito zambiri zosiyanasiyana.

Zosintha za CMM

Zosintha zonse zimapulumutsa nthawi mukatsitsa ndikutsitsa magawo pa CMM, monga pa CNC Machine.Mutha kupeza ma CMM omwe ali ndi zonyamula pallet zokha kuti muwonjezeke.

Mtengo wapatali wa magawo CMM

Makina Oyeza Atsopano Ogwirizanitsa amayambira pa $20,000 mpaka $30,000 ndipo amapita ku $1 miliyoni.

Ntchito Zogwirizana ndi CMM mu Shopu Yamakina

Mtsogoleri wa CMM

Pulogalamu ya CMM

Wothandizira CMM