Buku Lonse la Makina a CMM ndi Chitsogozo Choyezera

Kodi makina a CMM ndi chiyani?

Tangoganizirani makina opangidwa ngati CNC omwe angathe kupanga miyeso yolondola kwambiri mwanjira yodziyimira yokha. Ndicho chimene CMM Machines imachita!

CMM imayimira "Coordinate Measuring Machine". Mwina ndi zida zoyezera za 3D zabwino kwambiri pankhani yophatikiza kusinthasintha, kulondola, komanso liwiro.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makina Oyezera Ogwirizana

Makina Oyezera Ogwirizana ndi ofunika nthawi iliyonse yomwe mukufunika kuyeza molondola. Ndipo muyeso wovuta kwambiri kapena wochuluka, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito CMM.

Kawirikawiri ma CMM amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira ndi kuwongolera khalidwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kuti gawolo likukwaniritsa zofunikira ndi zofunikira za wopanga.

Angagwiritsidwenso ntchitomainjiniya wobwerera m'mbuyoziwalo zomwe zilipo poyesa molondola mawonekedwe ake.

Ndani adapanga makina a CMM?

Makina oyamba a CMM adapangidwa ndi Ferranti Company of Scotland m'zaka za m'ma 1950. Anali ofunikira poyesa molondola ziwalo m'makampani opanga ndege ndi chitetezo. Makina oyamba anali ndi ma axes awiri okha oyenda. Makina atatu ozungulira adayambitsidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1960 ndi DEA of Italy. Kulamulira makompyuta kunabwera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, ndipo kunayambitsidwa ndi Sheffield of USA.

Mitundu ya Makina a CMM

Pali mitundu isanu ya makina oyezera ogwirizana:

• Mtundu wa Mlatho wa CMM: Mu kapangidwe kameneka, kofala kwambiri, mutu wa CMM umakwera pa mlatho. Mbali imodzi ya mlatho imakwera pa njanji pa bedi, ndipo inayo imathandizidwa pa pilo ya mpweya kapena njira ina pa bedi popanda njanji yowongolera.
• Cantilever CMM: Cantilever imathandizira mlatho mbali imodzi yokha.
• Gantry CMM: Gantry imagwiritsa ntchito njanji yowongolera mbali zonse ziwiri, monga CNC Router. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala CMM zazikulu kwambiri, kotero zimafunikira thandizo lowonjezera.
• Mkono Wopingasa CMM: Taganizirani chowongolera, koma ndi mlatho wonse ukukwera ndi kutsika mkono umodzi osati pa mzere wake. Awa ndi ma CMM olondola kwambiri, koma amatha kuyeza zigawo zazikulu zoonda monga matupi a auto.
• Mtundu wa Mkono Wonyamulika wa CMM: Makinawa amagwiritsa ntchito manja olumikizidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri amaikidwa pamanja. M'malo moyesa XYZ mwachindunji, amawerengera ma coordinates kuchokera pamalo ozungulira a cholumikizira chilichonse ndi kutalika kodziwika pakati pa zolumikizira.

Chilichonse chili ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kutengera mitundu ya miyeso yomwe ikufunika kupangidwa. Mitundu iyi imatanthauza kapangidwe ka makina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poikakafukufukupoyerekeza ndi gawo lomwe likuyesedwa.

Nayi tebulo lothandiza kumvetsetsa zabwino ndi zoyipa zake:

Ma probe nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magawo atatu - X, Y, ndi Z. Komabe, makina apamwamba kwambiri amathanso kulola kuti ngodya ya ma probe isinthidwe kuti muyezo ukhale m'malo omwe probeyo singafikire. Matebulo ozungulira angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kukonza kuthekera kofikira zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Ma CMM nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi granite ndi aluminiyamu, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito ma air bearing.

Chofufuzira ndi sensa yomwe imazindikira komwe pamwamba pa gawolo pali poyesa.

Mitundu ya kafukufuku ndi iyi:

• Makina
• Kuwala
• Laser
• Kuwala Koyera

Makina Oyezera Ogwirizana amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zitatu zazikulu:

• Madipatimenti Oyang'anira Ubwino: Apa nthawi zambiri amasungidwa m'zipinda zoyera zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi nyengo kuti zizikhala zolondola kwambiri.
• Malo Ogulitsira: Apa ma CMM ali m'gulu la Makina a CNC kuti zikhale zosavuta kuchita kuwunika ngati gawo la selo lopangira ndi kuyenda kochepa pakati pa CMM ndi makina komwe ziwalo zikupangidwa. Izi zimathandiza kuti muyeso uchitike msanga komanso mwina nthawi zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zolakwitsa zizindikirike msanga.
• Zonyamulika: Ma CMM onyamulika ndi osavuta kuyenda nawo. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa Shopu kapena kutengera kumalo ena kutali ndi fakitale yopanga zinthu kuti akayeze zinthu zomwe zili m'munda.

Kodi Makina a CMM (Kulondola kwa CMM) Ndi Olondola Motani?

Kulondola kwa Makina Oyezera Ogwirizana kumasiyana. Kawirikawiri, cholinga chawo ndi kulondola kwa micrometer kapena kuposa pamenepo. Koma sizophweka choncho. Choyamba, cholakwika chingakhale chifukwa cha kukula, kotero cholakwika cha CMM chikhoza kufotokozedwa ngati njira yayifupi yomwe imaphatikizapo kutalika kwa muyeso ngati chosinthika.

Mwachitsanzo, Hexagon's Global Classic CMM yalembedwa ngati CMM yotsika mtengo yogwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zonse, ndipo imalongosola kulondola kwake motere:

1.0 + L/300um

Miyeso imeneyo ili mu ma micron ndipo L imatchulidwa mu mm. Ndiye tiyeni tiyerekeze kuti tikuyesera kuyeza kutalika kwa mawonekedwe a 10mm. Fomula ingakhale 1.0 + 10/300 = 1.0 + 1/30 kapena 1.03 micron.

Micron ndi chikwi chimodzi cha mm, chomwe chili pafupifupi mainchesi 0.00003937. Chifukwa chake cholakwika poyesa kutalika kwathu kwa 10mm ndi 0.00103 mm kapena 0.00004055 mainchesi. Chimenecho ndi chochepera theka la theka la khumi - cholakwika chaching'ono kwambiri!

Kumbali ina, munthu ayenera kukhala ndi kulondola kowirikiza ka 10 zomwe tikuyesera kuyeza. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati tingakhulupirire muyeso uwu ndi 10x mtengo umenewo, kapena mainchesi 0.00005. Komabe cholakwika chaching'ono.

Zinthu zimavuta kwambiri poyesa CMM pansi pa shopu. Ngati CMM ili mu labu yowunikira kutentha, zimathandiza kwambiri. Koma pa Shop Floor, kutentha kumatha kusiyana kwambiri. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe CMM ingathandizire kusintha kwa kutentha, koma palibe chomwe chili changwiro.

Opanga CMM nthawi zambiri amatchula molondola pa gulu la kutentha, ndipo malinga ndi muyezo wa ISO 10360-2 wa kulondola kwa CMM, gulu lachizolowezi ndi 64-72F (18-22C). Ndizabwino pokhapokha ngati Shop Floor yanu ili ndi kutentha kwa 86F nthawi yachilimwe. Ndiye kuti mulibe chidziwitso chabwino cha cholakwikacho.

Opanga ena amakupatsirani masitepe kapena ma band a kutentha omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana olondola. Koma bwanji ngati muli m'malo osiyanasiyana pa nthawi yosiyana ya tsiku kapena masiku osiyanasiyana a sabata?

Munthu amayamba kupanga bajeti yosatsimikizika yomwe imalola milandu yoyipa kwambiri. Ngati milandu yoyipa kwambiriyo ipangitsa kuti ziwalo zanu zisaloledwe bwino, kusintha kwina kwa njira ndikofunikira:

• Mukhoza kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito CMM mpaka nthawi zina za tsiku pamene kutentha kumachepa pang'onopang'ono.
• Mungasankhe kugwiritsa ntchito zida kapena zinthu zina zochepetsera kupirira kwa makina nthawi zina patsiku.
• Ma CMM abwino akhoza kukhala ndi ma specification abwino a kutentha kwanu. Angakhale oyenera ngakhale kuti angakhale okwera mtengo kwambiri.

Zachidziwikire kuti njira izi zidzakuwonongerani luso lanu lokonzekera bwino ntchito zanu. Mwadzidzidzi mukuganiza kuti kulamulira bwino nyengo pa Shop Floor kungakhale ndalama yopindulitsa.

Mutha kuona momwe izi zonse zimakhalira zovuta kwambiri.

Chinthu china chomwe chimagwirizana ndi momwe kulolera komwe CMM iyenera kuyang'anira kumafotokozedwera. Muyezo wagolide ndi Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T). Yang'anani maphunziro athu oyamba pa GD&T kuti mudziwe zambiri.

Mapulogalamu a CMM

CMM imagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana. Muyezowu umatchedwa DMIS, womwe umayimira Dimensional Measurement Interface Standard. Ngakhale kuti si mawonekedwe akuluakulu a mapulogalamu a opanga CMM, ambiri aiwo amachirikiza.

Opanga apanga zokometsera zawozawo zapadera kuti awonjezere ntchito zoyezera zomwe sizithandizidwa ndi DMIS.

DMIS

Monga tanenera kale, DMIS ndiye muyezo, koma monga g-code ya CNC, pali zilankhulo zambiri kuphatikizapo:

• PC-DMIS: Mtundu wa Hexagon
• OpenDMIS
• TouchDMIS: Perceptron

MCOSMOS

MCOSTMOS ndi pulogalamu ya Nikon ya CMM.

Calypso

Calypso ndi pulogalamu ya CMM yochokera ku Zeiss.

Mapulogalamu a CMM ndi CAD/CAM

Kodi Mapulogalamu ndi Mapulogalamu a CMM zimagwirizana bwanji ndi Mapulogalamu a CAD/CAM?

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafayilo a CAD, choncho yang'anani omwe CMM Software yanu ikugwirizana nawo. Kuphatikiza komaliza kumatchedwa Model Based Definition (MBD). Ndi MBD, chitsanzocho chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa miyeso ya CMM.

MDB ndi njira yabwino kwambiri, kotero nthawi zambiri siyikugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ma Probe a CMM, Zida, ndi Zowonjezera

Ma Probe a CMM

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zofufuzira ndi mawonekedwe omwe akupezeka kuti athandize kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Zokonzekera za CMM

Zipangizo zonse zimasunga nthawi pokweza ndi kutsitsa zida pa CMM, monga momwe zimakhalira pa CNC Machine. Mutha kupeza ma CMM omwe ali ndi ma pallet loaders odzipangira okha kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu.

Mtengo wa Makina a CMM

Makina Atsopano Oyezera Ma Coordinate amayamba pamtengo wa $20,000 mpaka $30,000 ndipo amafika pamtengo woposa $1 miliyoni.

Ntchito Zokhudzana ndi CMM mu Sitolo Yogulitsa Makina

Woyang'anira CMM

Wopanga Mapulogalamu a CMM

Wogwira ntchito wa CMM