Maziko a granite amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zolondola, zida zowunikira, ndi kupanga makina chifukwa cha kuuma kwawo bwino, kukhazikika kwambiri, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kuchuluka kochepa kwa kukula. Kupaka ndi kusungira kwawo kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mtundu wa malonda, kukhazikika kwa mayendedwe, komanso moyo wautali. Kusanthula kotsatiraku kukuphatikizapo kusankha zinthu zopaka, njira zopaka, zofunikira pa malo osungira, ndi njira zodzitetezera, ndipo kumapereka yankho lokhazikika.
1. Kusankha Zinthu Zolongedza
Zipangizo Zoteteza
Choletsa Kukanda: Gwiritsani ntchito filimu yoletsa kukanda ya PE (polyethylene) kapena PP (polypropylene) yokhala ndi makulidwe a ≥ 0.5mm. Pamwamba pake ndi posalala komanso popanda zodetsa kuti musakandane pamwamba pa granite.
Buffer Layer: Gwiritsani ntchito thovu la EPE (thovu la pearl) kapena EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) lokhala ndi makulidwe a ≥ 30mm ndi mphamvu yokakamiza ya ≥ 50kPa kuti muteteze bwino ku kugwedezeka.
Chimango Chokhazikika: Gwiritsani ntchito chimango chamatabwa kapena aluminiyamu, chosanyowa (kutengera malipoti enieni) komanso chosachita dzimbiri, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mphamvu ikukwaniritsa zofunikira zonyamula katundu (mphamvu yofunikira yonyamula katundu ≥ kuchulukitsa kasanu kulemera kwa maziko).
Zipangizo Zopangira Zakunja
Mabokosi a Matabwa: Mabokosi a plywood opanda fumbi, makulidwe ≥ 15mm, ogwirizana ndi IPPC, okhala ndi zojambulazo za aluminiyamu zosanyowa (kutengera lipoti lenileni) zomwe zayikidwa pakhoma lamkati.
Kudzaza: Filimu yopumira mpweya kapena khadibodi yodulidwa, yokhala ndi chiŵerengero cha void ≥ 80% kuti isagwedezeke ikanyamulidwa.
Zipangizo Zotsekera: Chingwe cha nayiloni (mphamvu yokoka ≥ 500kg) chophatikizidwa ndi tepi yosalowa madzi (kumatira ≥ 5N/25mm).
II. Mafotokozedwe a Njira Yopangira Mapaketi
Kuyeretsa
Pukutani pamwamba pa nthaka ndi nsalu yopanda fumbi yoviikidwa mu isopropyl alcohol kuti muchotse mafuta ndi fumbi. Ukhondo wa pamwamba uyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo ya ISO Class 8.
Kuumitsa: Kuumitsa mpweya kapena kutsuka ndi mpweya woyera wopanikizika (mame ≤ -40°C) kuti mupewe chinyezi.
Kukulunga Koteteza
Kukulunga Filimu Yosasinthasintha: Imagwiritsa ntchito njira ya "kukulunga kwathunthu + kutseka kutentha", yokhala ndi m'lifupi mwake wa ≥ 30mm ndi kutentha kwa kutseka kutentha kwa 120-150°C kuti zitsimikizire kutseka kolimba.
Kuphimba: Thovu la EPE limadulidwa kuti ligwirizane ndi mawonekedwe a maziko ndipo limalumikizidwa ku maziko pogwiritsa ntchito guluu wosawononga chilengedwe (mphamvu yomatira ≥ 8 N/cm²), ndi mpata wa m'mphepete ≤ 2mm.
chimango Choyika
Kupanga Chimango cha Matabwa: Gwiritsani ntchito ma mortise ndi tenon joints kapena ma galvanized bolts kuti mulumikize, ndi mipata yodzazidwa ndi silicone sealant. Miyeso yamkati ya chimango iyenera kukhala yayikulu 10-15mm kuposa miyeso yakunja ya maziko.
Chimango cha Aluminiyamu: Gwiritsani ntchito mabulaketi a ngodya polumikiza, okhala ndi makulidwe a khoma la chimango ≥ 2mm ndi mankhwala odzola pamwamba (makulidwe a filimu ya oxide ≥ 15μm).
Kulimbitsa Mapaketi Akunja
Kupaka Bokosi la Matabwa: Pambuyo poti maziko aikidwa m'bokosi lamatabwa, filimu ya mpweya imadzazidwa mozungulira. Zoteteza ngodya zooneka ngati L zimayikidwa mbali zonse zisanu ndi chimodzi za bokosilo ndipo zimamangidwa ndi misomali yachitsulo (m'mimba mwake ≥ 3mm).
Zolemba: Zolemba zochenjeza (zosanyowa (kutengera malipoti enieni), zosagwedezeka, komanso zosalimba) zimayikidwa kunja kwa bokosilo. Zolembazo ziyenera kukhala ≥ 100mm x 100mm ndipo ziyenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zowala.
III. Zofunikira pa Malo Osungira Zinthu
Kulamulira Kutentha ndi Chinyezi
Kutentha: 15-25°C, ndi kusinthasintha kwa ≤±2°C/24h kuti tipewe kusweka pang'ono komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha ndi kupindika.
Kuwongolera Chinyezi: Chinyezi chofanana 40-60%, chokhala ndi kusefera kwapamwamba kwa mafakitale (kutengera zotsatira zachipatala, ndi kuchuluka kwapadera kwa ≥50L/tsiku) kuti mupewe kuwonongeka chifukwa cha alkali-silica reaction.
Ukhondo wa Chilengedwe
Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukwaniritsa miyezo ya ukhondo ya ISO Class 7 (10,000), yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu tomwe timakhala mumlengalenga tokwana ≤352,000 tinthu/m³ (≥0.5μm).
Kukonzekera Pansi: Pansi yodziyimira yokha ya Epoxy yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa ≥0.03g/cm² (gudumu la CS-17, 1000g/500r), kalasi ya F yotetezera fumbi.
Zofotokozera za Kuyika Zinthu
Kuyika zinthu pamlingo umodzi: ≥50mm pakati pa maziko kuti mpweya ulowe bwino komanso kuyang'aniridwa bwino.
Kuyika zinthu zambiri m'magawo atatu: ≤ zigawo zitatu, ndipo gawo la pansi limakhala ndi katundu ≥ kuchulukitsa 1.5 kuchulukitsa kulemera konse kwa zigawo zapamwamba. Gwiritsani ntchito mapepala amatabwa (≥ 50mm makulidwe) kuti mulekanitse zigawozo.
IV. Kusamalira Machenjezo
Kugwira Ntchito Mokhazikika
Kugwira ndi Manja: Kumafuna anthu anayi kugwira ntchito limodzi, kuvala magolovesi osaterera, kugwiritsa ntchito makapu opopera (≥ mphamvu yopopera ya 200kg) kapena zoponyera (≥ 5 stability factor).
Kugwira Ntchito ndi Makina: Gwiritsani ntchito forklift ya hydraulic kapena crane yokwezera pamwamba, pomwe malo onyamulira ali mkati mwa ±5% ya pakati pa mphamvu yokoka ya maziko, komanso liwiro lonyamulira ≤ 0.2m/s.
Kuyang'anira Nthawi Zonse
Kuyang'ana Maonekedwe: Mwezi uliwonse, makamaka kuyang'ana kuwonongeka kwa gawo loteteza, kusintha kwa chimango, ndi kuwola kwa bokosi lamatabwa.
Kuyesanso Moyenera: Kotala lililonse, pogwiritsa ntchito laser interferometer kuti muwone ngati yathyathyathya (≤ 0.02mm/m) ndi yoyima (≤ 0.03mm/m).
Njira Zadzidzidzi
Kuwonongeka kwa zigawo zoteteza: Tsekani nthawi yomweyo ndi tepi yotsutsana ndi static (≥ 3N/cm yomatira) ndikuyiyikanso ndi filimu yatsopano mkati mwa maola 24.
Ngati chinyezi chapitirira muyezo: Yambitsani njira zinazake zoyezera mphamvu ya mankhwala ndikulemba deta. Kusunga kungayambirenso pokhapokha chinyezi chikabwerera pamlingo wabwinobwino.
V. Malangizo Okonza Kusungirako Zinthu Kwa Nthawi Yaitali
Mapiritsi a Vapor Corrosion Inhibitor (VCI) amayikidwa mkati mwa bokosi lamatabwa kuti atulutse zinthu zoletsa dzimbiri ndikuletsa dzimbiri la chimango chachitsulo.
Kuwunika Mwanzeru: Gwiritsani ntchito masensa owunikira kutentha ndi chinyezi (kulondola ± 0.5°C, ± 3%RH) ndi nsanja ya IoT yowunikira patali maola 24 pa sabata.
Kupakanso: Gwiritsani ntchito chimango chopindika cha aluminiyamu chokhala ndi choyikapo cha cushioning chomwe chimasinthidwa, kuchepetsa ndalama zopaka ndi zoposa 30%.
Kudzera mu kusankha zinthu, kulongedza bwino, kusungira mosamala, ndi kuyang'anira bwino, maziko a granite amasunga magwiridwe antchito okhazikika panthawi yosungira, amasunga chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa mayendedwe pansi pa 0.5%, ndikuwonjezera nthawi yosungira mpaka zaka zoposa 5.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-10-2025