1. Kuyang'ana Kwabwino Kwambiri Kuwonekera
Kuyang'anira mawonekedwe athunthu ndi gawo lofunikira pakubweretsa ndi kuvomereza zida za granite. Zizindikiro zamitundu yambiri ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti chinthucho chikukwaniritsa zofunikira zamapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito. Zowunikira zotsatirazi zikufotokozedwa mwachidule mu miyeso inayi: kukhulupirika, mtundu wa pamwamba, kukula ndi mawonekedwe, ndi kulemba ndi kuyika:
Kuyendera Umphumphu
Zigawo za granite ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa bwino kuti ziwonongeke. Zowonongeka zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu zamapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito, monga ming'alu yapamtunda, m'mphepete ndi ngodya, zonyansa zophatikizika, zosweka, kapena zolakwika, ndizoletsedwa. Malinga ndi zofunikira zaposachedwa za GB/T 18601-2024 "Natural Granite Building Boards," kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa zolakwika monga ming'alu kwachepetsedwa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mtundu wakale wa muyezo, ndipo zomwe zaperekedwa zokhudzana ndi mawanga amitundu ndi zolakwika zamtundu wamtundu wa 2009 zachotsedwa, ndikulimbitsanso kuwongolera umphumphu. Pazigawo zooneka mwapadera, kuwunika kowonjezereka kwapangidwe kumafunika pambuyo pokonza kuti tipewe kuwonongeka kobisika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ovuta. Miyezo Yofunikira: GB/T 20428-2006 "Rock Leveler" imafotokoza momveka bwino kuti malo ogwirira ntchito ndi mbali za owongolera akuyenera kukhala opanda zilema monga ming'alu, madontho, mawonekedwe otayirira, zipsera, zowotcha, ndi zotupa zomwe zingasokoneze kwambiri mawonekedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Ubwino Wapamwamba
Kuyesa kwapamwamba kuyenera kuganizira kusalala, gloss, ndi mgwirizano wamtundu:
Kukula Kwapamtunda: Kuti mugwiritse ntchito uinjiniya molondola, kuuma kwapamtunda kuyenera kukumana ndi Ra ≤ 0.63μm. Kwa ntchito zambiri, izi zitha kukwaniritsidwa molingana ndi mgwirizano. Makampani ena opangira zida zapamwamba, monga Sishui County Huayi Stone Craft Factory, amatha kumaliza Ra ≤ 0.8μm pogwiritsa ntchito zida zakunja zogaya ndi kupukuta.
Kuwala: Malo owoneka bwino (JM) ayenera kukumana ndi gloss yodziwika bwino ya ≥ 80GU (ASTM C584 standard), yoyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mita ya gloss yaukadaulo pansi pa magwero owunikira. Kuwongolera kusiyana kwamitundu: Izi ziyenera kuchitika pamalo opanda dzuwa. "Njira yokhazikika yopangira mbale" ingagwiritsidwe ntchito: matabwa ochokera ku gulu lomwelo amayala pansi pamisonkhano yamakonzedwe, ndipo kusintha kwamtundu ndi tirigu kumasinthidwa kuti zitsimikizire kusasinthasintha. Kwa mankhwala opangidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera, kuwongolera kusiyana kwa mitundu kumafuna njira zinayi: zozungulira ziwiri za kusankha kwa zinthu zovuta pa mgodi ndi fakitale, masanjidwe opangidwa ndi madzi ndi kusintha kwa mtundu pambuyo podula ndi kugawa, ndi kamangidwe kachiwiri ndi kukonza bwino pambuyo popera ndi kupukuta. Makampani ena amatha kukwaniritsa kusiyanasiyana kwamtundu wa ΔE ≤ 1.5.
Kulondola kwa Dimensional ndi Fomu
Kuphatikizika kwa "zida zolondola + zokhazikika" kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsetsa kuti kulolerana kwazithunzi ndi geometric kumakwaniritsa zofunikira pamapangidwe:
Zida Zoyezera: Gwiritsani ntchito zida monga vernier calipers (zolondola ≥ 0.02mm), micrometers (zolondola ≥ 0.001mm), ndi laser interferometers. Laser interferometers ayenera kutsatira miyezo muyeso monga JJG 739-2005 ndi JB/T 5610-2006. Kuyanika kwa Flatness: Mogwirizana ndi GB/T 11337-2004 "Kuzindikira Kolakwika kwa Flatness," cholakwika cha flatness chimayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito laser interferometer. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito molondola, kulolerako kuyenera kukhala ≤0.02mm/m (motsatira kulondola kwa Class 00 komwe kufotokozedwa mu GB/T 20428-2006). Zipangizo zamapepala wamba zimagawidwa m'magulu, mwachitsanzo, kulolerana kwa flatness kwa zida zomalizidwa movutikira ndi ≤0.80mm kwa Gulu A, ≤1.00mm kwa Gulu B, ndi ≤1.50mm kwa Gulu C.
Kulekerera kwa Makulidwe: Pazida zomalizidwa movutikira, kulolerana kwa makulidwe (H) kumayendetsedwa kukhala: ± 0.5mm kwa Gulu A, ± 1.0mm kwa Gulu B, ndi ± 1.5mm kwa Gulu C, kwa H ≤12mm. Zida zodulira zodziwikiratu za CNC zimatha kukhalabe ndi kulolerana kolondola kwa ≤0.5mm.
Kuyika ndi Kuyika
Zofunikira Zolemba: Pamagawo ayenera kukhala olembedwa momveka bwino komanso mokhazikika ndi chidziwitso monga mtundu, mawonekedwe, nambala ya batch, ndi tsiku lopanga. Zigawo zooneka mwapadera ziyeneranso kukhala ndi nambala yosinthira kuti zithandizire kutsata komanso kufananitsa. Zofotokozera Pakuyika: Kuyika kuyenera kutsata GB/T 191 "Kupaka, Kusungirako, ndi Kuyika Chizindikiro cha Magalimoto." Zizindikiro zosagwirizana ndi chinyezi komanso zosamva kunjenjemera ziyenera kuyikidwa, ndipo magawo atatu achitetezo ayenera kutsatiridwa: ① Pakani mafuta oletsa dzimbiri pamalo olumikizana; ② Manga ndi thovu la EPE; ③ Khalani otetezedwa ndi mphasa wamatabwa, ndikuyika zotchingira pansi pa mphasa kuti mupewe kuyenda. Pazinthu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa, ziyenera kupakidwa molingana ndi mndandanda wa manambala amisonkhano kuti zisasokonezeke pamisonkhano yapamalo.
Njira Zothandizira Zowongolera Kusiyanitsa Kwamitundu: Zida zotsekera zimasankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito "njira yopopera madzi ya mbali zisanu ndi imodzi." Makina opopera madzi odzipereka amapopera madzi mofananamo pamwamba pa chipikacho. Pambuyo poumitsa ndi makina osindikizira osasinthasintha, chipikacho chimawunikiridwa ngati tirigu, kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu, zonyansa, ndi zolakwika zina zikadali zouma pang'ono. Njirayi imazindikiritsa bwino kusiyana kwa mitundu yobisika kusiyana ndi kuyang'ana kowoneka bwino.
2. Mayeso a Sayansi a Zinthu Zakuthupi
Kuyesa kwasayansi kwazinthu zakuthupi ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera chigawo cha granite. Kupyolera mu kuyesa mwadongosolo zizindikiro zazikulu monga kuuma, kachulukidwe, kukhazikika kwa kutentha, ndi kukana kuwonongeka, tikhoza kuwunika mozama momwe zinthu zilili komanso kudalirika kwautumiki kwa nthawi yayitali. Zotsatirazi zikufotokozera njira zoyesera za sayansi ndi zofunikira zaumisiri kuchokera kuzinthu zinayi.
Kuyesa Kuuma
Kuuma ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha kukana kwa granite kumakina ovala ndi kukanda, kudziwitsa mwachindunji moyo wautumiki wa gawolo. Kuuma kwa Mohs kumawonetsa kulimba kwa zinthu zakuthupi kuti zisakulidwe, pomwe kulimba kwa M'mphepete mwa nyanja kumadziwika ndi kuuma kwake pansi pa katundu wosunthika. Pamodzi, amapanga maziko owunika kukana kuvala.
Zida Zoyesera: Mohs Hardness Tester (Scratch Method), Shore Hardness Tester (Njira Yobwereranso)
Muyezo Wothandizira: GB/T 20428-2006 "Njira Zoyesera Zamwala Wachilengedwe - Mayeso Olimba M'mphepete mwa Nyanja"
Chiyambi Chovomerezeka: Kulimba kwa Mohs ≥ 6, Kulimba M'mphepete mwa nyanja ≥ HS70
Kufotokozera Kwamalumikizidwe: Kuuma kwamtengo kumalumikizidwa bwino ndi kukana kuvala. Kuuma kwa Mohs kwa 6 kapena kupitilira apo kumatsimikizira kuti chigawocho sichikugwedezeka ndi kukangana kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, pomwe kulimba kwa M'mphepete mwa nyanja komwe kumakwaniritsa mulingo kumatsimikizira kukhulupirika kwapangidwe pansi pazambiri. Mayeso a Density ndi Mayamwidwe a Madzi
Kachulukidwe ndi kuyamwa kwamadzi ndizomwe zimafunikira pakuwunika kulimba kwa granite komanso kukana kulowa. Zida zolimba kwambiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi porosity yochepa. Mayamwidwe amadzi otsika amatchinga bwino kulowerera kwa chinyezi ndi media zowononga, kumapangitsa kukhazikika.
Zida Zoyesera: Electronic balance, vacuum drying uvuni, kachulukidwe mita
Miyezo Yoyendetsera Ntchito: GB/T 9966.3 "Njira Zoyesera Zamwala Wachilengedwe - Gawo 3: Mayamwidwe a Madzi, Kuchulukana Kwambiri, Kuchulukana Kowona, ndi Mayeso Owona a Porosity"
Kuyenerera: Kachulukidwe kachulukidwe ≥ 2.55 g/cm³, kuyamwa madzi ≤ 0.6%
Durability Impact: Pamene kachulukidwe ≥ 2.55 g/cm³ ndi kuyamwa kwamadzi ≤ 0.6%, kukana kwamwala kuzizira ndi mpweya wamchere kumakulitsidwa kwambiri, kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha zolakwika zina monga konkriti carbonization ndi dzimbiri lachitsulo.
Kutentha Kwambiri Kuyesa
Mayeso okhazikika amafuta amatengera kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwambiri kuti awone kukhazikika kwake komanso kukana kwa ming'alu ya zida za granite pansi pa kupsinjika kwamafuta. Chiyerekezo cha kukula kwa matenthedwe ndiye metric yowunikira kwambiri. Zida Zoyesera: Chipinda Chokwera Pang'onopang'ono ndi Chotsika, Laser Interferometer
Njira Yoyesera: Kutentha kwa 10 kuchokera -40 ° C mpaka 80 ° C, kuzungulira kulikonse kunachitikira kwa maola awiri
Chizindikiro: Kuwonjezeredwa kwa Mafuta kumayendetsedwa mkati mwa 5.5×10⁻⁶/K ± 0.5
Kufunika Kwaukadaulo: Coefficient iyi imalepheretsa kukula kwa microcrack chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika kwa kutentha m'zigawo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kusinthasintha kwa nyengo kapena kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kwambiri kuwonetseredwa panja kapena malo ogwirira ntchito kwambiri.
Kulimbana ndi Frost Resistance ndi Salt Crystallization Mayeso: Kukana chisanu ndi kuyesa mchere wa mchere kumayesa kukana kwamwala kuti zisawonongeke kuchokera kuzizira ndi kusungunuka kwa mchere, makamaka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera ozizira ndi amchere a alkali. Kuyesa Kulimbana ndi Frost (EN 1469):
Chikhalidwe cha Zitsanzo: Miyala yamiyala yodzaza ndi madzi
Njira Yoyendetsa Panjinga: Imaundana pa -15 ° C kwa maola 4, kenako sungunulani m'madzi a 20 ° C kwa mizere 48, yozungulira 48.
Zofunika Zowayenereza: Kutayika kwakukulu ≤ 0.5%, kuchepetsa mphamvu zosinthika ≤ 20%
Kuyesa kwa Crystallization ya Mchere (EN 12370):
Zomwe Zimagwira Ntchito: Mwala wa porous womwe umayamwa madzi kuposa 3%
Njira Yoyesera: Mizere 15 yomiza mu 10% Na₂SO₄ yankho ndikutsatiridwa ndi kuyanika.
Zoyenera Kuyesera: Palibe kusenda kapena kusweka, palibe kuwonongeka kwapang'onopang'ono
Njira Yophatikizira Mayeso: Kwa madera ozizira a m'mphepete mwa nyanja okhala ndi chifunga chamchere, kuzizira kozizira komanso kuyezetsa kristalo ndikofunikira. Kwa madera ouma akumtunda, kuyesa kokha kukana chisanu kumatha kuchitidwa, koma mwala wokhala ndi madzi ochulukirapo kuposa 3% uyeneranso kuyesedwa mchere wa crystallization.
3, Kutsata ndi Chitsimikizo Chokhazikika
Kutsata ndi kutsimikizira kokhazikika kwa zigawo za granite ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino, chitetezo, komanso kupezeka kwa msika. Ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zapakhomo nthawi imodzi, malamulo a msika wapadziko lonse, ndi machitidwe oyendetsera makampani. Zotsatirazi zikufotokozera zofunikira izi m'magawo atatu: dongosolo lanyumba, kulinganiza mulingo wapadziko lonse lapansi, ndi kachitidwe kotsimikizira zachitetezo.
Domestic Standard System
Kupanga ndi kuvomereza zigawo za granite ku China kuyenera kutsatira mosamalitsa miyezo iwiri yayikulu: GB/T 18601-2024 "Mabodi Omanga Achilengedwe a Granite" ndi GB 6566 "Malire a Radionuclides mu Zomangamanga." GB/T 18601-2024, mulingo waposachedwa kwambiri wadziko lonse wolowa m'malo mwa GB/T 18601-2009, umagwira ntchito pakupanga, kugawa, ndi kuvomereza mapanelo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa zomangamanga pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomatira. Zosintha zazikulu zikuphatikiza:
Gulu la magwiridwe antchito: Mitundu yazinthu imagawidwa momveka bwino ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, gulu la mapanelo opindika achotsedwa, ndipo kugwirizana ndi njira zomanga kwawongoleredwa;
Zofunikira zopititsa patsogolo ntchito: Zizindikiro monga kukana chisanu, kukana mphamvu, ndi anti-slip coefficient (≥0.5) zawonjezedwa, ndipo njira zowunikira miyala ndi mchere zachotsedwa, zomwe zikuyang'ana kwambiri ntchito zaumisiri wothandiza;
Zoyezetsa zoyengedwa bwino: Madivelopa, makampani omanga, ndi mabungwe oyesa amapatsidwa njira zoyesera zofananira ndi njira zowunika.
Ponena za chitetezo cha radioactive, GB 6566 imalamula kuti zigawo za granite zikhale ndi ndondomeko ya ma radiation mkati (IRa) ≤ 1.0 ndi ndondomeko ya radiation yakunja (Iγ) ≤ 1.3, kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zomangira sizikhala ndi zoopsa zowonongeka kwa thanzi laumunthu. Kugwirizana ndi Miyezo Yadziko Lonse
Zigawo za granite zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo ya chigawo cha msika womwe mukufuna. ASTM C1528/C1528M-20e1 ndi EN 1469 ndiye mfundo zazikuluzikulu zamisika yaku North America ndi EU, motsatana.
ASTM C1528/C1528M-20e1 (American Society for Testing and Equipment standard): Imagwira ntchito ngati chiwongolero chogwirizana pamakampani pakusankha miyala, imatchulanso mfundo zingapo zogwirizana, kuphatikiza ASTM C119 (Standard Specification for Dimension Stone) ndi ASTM C170 (Compressive Strength Testing). Izi zimapereka omanga ndi makontrakitala ndi ndondomeko yowonjezereka yaukadaulo kuchokera pakupanga mapangidwe mpaka kukhazikitsa ndi kuvomereza, kugogomezera kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mwala kuyenera kutsatira malamulo omanga a m'deralo.
TS EN 1469 (muyezo wa EU): Pazogulitsa zamwala zomwe zimatumizidwa ku EU, mulingo uwu umagwira ntchito ngati maziko ovomerezeka a chiphaso cha CE, chofuna kuti zinthu ziziyikidwa chizindikiro kwanthawi zonse ndi nambala yokhazikika, giredi lantchito (mwachitsanzo, A1 yakunja kwakunja), dziko lomwe adachokera, komanso chidziwitso cha wopanga. Kuwunikiridwa kwaposachedwa kumalimbitsanso kuyesa kwazinthu zakuthupi, kuphatikiza mphamvu yosinthira ≥8MPa, mphamvu yopondereza ≥50MPa, komanso kukana chisanu. Zimafunikanso kuti opanga akhazikitse njira yoyendetsera fakitale (FPC) yoyang'anira zinthu zopangira, kuyang'anira kapangidwe kake, ndikuwunika komaliza.
Security Certification System
Chitsimikizo chachitetezo cha zigawo za granite chimasiyanitsidwa kutengera momwe amagwirira ntchito, makamaka zomwe zikuphatikiza satifiketi yokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha chakudya komanso satifiketi yoyendetsera bwino.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kukhudzana ndi chakudya: Chiphaso cha FDA chimafunikira, kuyang'ana kwambiri kuyesa kusuntha kwamwala panthawi yolumikizana ndi chakudya kuti zitsimikizire kuti kutulutsidwa kwa zitsulo zolemera ndi zinthu zowopsa kumakumana ndi chitetezo chazakudya.
General Quality Management: Chitsimikizo cha ISO 9001 Quality Management System ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamakampani. Makampani monga Jiaxiang Xulei Stone ndi Jinchao Stone apeza chiphaso ichi, akhazikitsa njira yoyendetsera bwino kuyambira pakukumba miyala mpaka kuvomerezedwa kwazinthu. Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino zikuphatikiza masitepe 28 owunikira bwino omwe akhazikitsidwa mu projekiti ya Country Garden, zomwe zikuwonetsa zizindikiro zazikulu monga kulondola kwa mawonekedwe, kusanja kwapamwamba, ndi ma radioactivity. Zolemba zachiphaso ziyenera kuphatikizapo malipoti a chipani chachitatu (monga kuyezetsa ma radioactivity ndi kuyezetsa katundu) ndi zolemba zowongolera kupanga fakitale (monga zipika za machitidwe a FPC ndi zolembedwa za traceability), kukhazikitsa unyolo wathunthu wotsatizana.
Mfundo Zofunika Kutsatira
Zogulitsa zapakhomo ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za GB/T 18601-2024 nthawi imodzi ndi malire a radioactivity a GB 6566;
Zogulitsa zomwe zimatumizidwa ku EU ziyenera kukhala zovomerezeka za EN 1469 ndikukhala ndi chizindikiro cha CE ndi mawonekedwe a A1;
Makampani omwe ali ndi satifiketi ya ISO 9001 amayenera kusunga zosachepera zaka zitatu za zolemba zowongolera kupanga ndi malipoti oyesa kuti awunikenso.
Kupyolera mukugwiritsa ntchito kachitidwe kazinthu zambiri, zigawo za granite zimatha kukwanitsa kuwongolera pa moyo wawo wonse, kuchokera pakupanga mpaka pakubweretsa, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakutsata misika yapakhomo ndi yapadziko lonse lapansi.
4. Standardized Acceptance Document Management
Kasamalidwe kovomerezeka kovomerezeka ndi njira yayikulu yowongolera popereka ndi kuvomereza zigawo za granite. Kupyolera mu dongosolo lazolemba mwadongosolo, unyolo wotsatiridwa bwino umakhazikitsidwa kuti uwonetsetse kutsatiridwa komanso kutsatiridwa munthawi yonse ya moyo wagawo. Dongosolo loyang'anirali limaphatikizapo zigawo zitatu zazikuluzikulu: zikalata zotsimikizira zaubwino, mindandanda yotumizira ndi kulongedza, ndi malipoti ovomerezeka. Gawo lililonse liyenera kutsatira mosamalitsa miyezo ya dziko komanso zomwe makampani akupanga kuti apange dongosolo lotsekeka loyang'anira.
Zolemba Zotsimikizira Ubwino: Kutsata ndi Kutsimikizira Kwaufulu
Zolemba za certification zaubwino ndiye umboni woyamba wotsatiridwa ndi zinthu zina ndipo uyenera kukhala wathunthu, wolondola, komanso wotsatira malamulo. Mndandanda wa zikalata zazikuluzikulu umaphatikizapo:
Chitsimikizo Chazinthu: Izi zimafotokoza zambiri monga chiyambi cha zinthu zovuta, tsiku la migodi, ndi kapangidwe ka mchere. Iyenera kugwirizana ndi nambala ya chinthucho kuti muwonetsetse kuti ikupezeka. Zinthu zovutazo zisanachoke mumgodi, kuyezetsa mgodi kuyenera kumalizidwa, ndikulemba mbiri ya migodi ndi momwe migodi imayambira kuti ipereke chizindikiro chaubwino wokonzedwanso. Malipoti oyesa a chipani chachitatu ayenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe akuthupi (monga kachulukidwe ndi kuyamwa kwamadzi), makina amakina (mphamvu yoponderezedwa ndi kusinthasintha kwamphamvu), komanso kuyesa kwa radioactivity. Bungwe loyesa liyenera kukhala loyenerera ku CMA (mwachitsanzo, bungwe lodziwika bwino ngati Beijing Inspection and Quarantine Institute). Nambala yoyezetsa iyenera kuwonetsedwa bwino mu lipotilo, mwachitsanzo, kuyesa kwamphamvu kwa GB/T 9966.1, "Njira Zoyesera Zamwala Wachilengedwe - Gawo 1: Mayesero a Mphamvu Yopondereza Pambuyo Poyanika, Kusungunuka kwa Madzi, ndi Kuzizira Kwambiri." Kuyesa kwa radioactivity kuyenera kutsata zofunikira za GB 6566, "Malire a Radionuclides mu Zomangamanga."
Zolemba Zazidziwitso Zapadera: Zogulitsa kunja ziyeneranso kupereka zolemba za CE, kuphatikiza lipoti la mayeso ndi Declaration of Performance (DoP) ya wopanga (DoP) yoperekedwa ndi bungwe lodziwitsidwa. Zogulitsa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi System 3 ziyeneranso kupereka satifiketi ya Factory Production Control (FPC) kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikutsatira zofunikira pamiyala yachilengedwe pamiyezo ya EU monga EN 1469.
Zofunikira Zofunikira: Zolemba zonse ziyenera kusindikizidwa ndi chidindo chovomerezeka komanso chisindikizo chapakati cha bungwe loyesa. Makope ayenera kulembedwa kuti "ofanana ndi oyambirira" ndi kusaina ndikutsimikiziridwa ndi wogulitsa. Nthawi yovomerezeka ya chikalatacho iyenera kupitilira tsiku lotumizidwa kuti isagwiritse ntchito data yoyeserera yomwe yatha. Mndandanda Wazotumiza ndi Mndandanda Wolongedza: Kuwongolera Kolondola Kwambiri
Mindandanda yotumizira ndi mindandanda yolongedza ndi magalimoto ofunikira omwe amalumikiza zofunikira pakuyitanitsa ndi kutumiza mwakuthupi, zomwe zimafunikira njira yotsimikizira ya magawo atatu kuti zitsimikizire kulondola kwa kutumiza. Ndondomekoyi ikuphatikizapo:
Dongosolo Lachizindikiritso Chapadera: Chigawo chilichonse chimayenera kukhala ndi chozindikiritsa chapadera, kaya ndi QR code kapena barcode (kutsekera kwa laser kumalimbikitsidwa kuti zisavale). Chizindikiritsochi chimaphatikizapo zambiri monga mtundu wagawo, nambala yoyitanitsa, gulu lokonzekera, ndi wowunika bwino. Pa nthawi yovuta, zigawozo ziyenera kuwerengedwa molingana ndi dongosolo lomwe zidakumbidwa ndikuzilemba ndi utoto wosasamba kumbali zonse ziwiri. Njira zoyendetsera ndi kukweza ndi kutsitsa ziyenera kuchitidwa motsatira ndondomeko yomwe adakumbidwa kuti ateteze kusakanikirana kwa zinthu.
Njira Yotsimikizira Miyezo Yatatu: Gawo loyamba lachitsimikiziro (dongosolo vs. list) limatsimikizira kuti code code, ndondomeko, ndi kuchuluka kwa mndandanda zikugwirizana ndi mgwirizano wogula; mulingo wachiwiri wotsimikizira (mndandanda motsutsana ndi kulongedza) umatsimikizira kuti cholembera cha bokosi lazopakira chikufanana ndi chizindikiritso chapadera pamndandanda; ndi mlingo wachitatu wa chitsimikiziro (kulongedza katundu vs. mankhwala enieni) amafuna unpacking ndi malo macheke, kufananiza zenizeni mankhwala magawo ndi mndandanda deta mwa kupanga sikani QR code/barcode. Zolembapo ziyenera kutsata zolembera, kuyika, zoyendetsa, ndi zosungirako za GB/T 18601-2024, "Natural Granite Building Boards." Onetsetsani kuti mphamvu zolongerazo ndizoyenera kulemera kwa chigawocho ndikupewa kuwonongeka kwamakona panthawi yamayendedwe.
Lipoti Lovomereza: Kutsimikizira Zotsatira ndi Kufotokozera Maudindo
Lipoti lovomerezeka ndilo chikalata chomaliza cha ndondomeko yovomerezeka. Iyenera kulemba mozama momwe kuyezedwera ndi zotsatira zake, kukwaniritsa zofunikira za ISO 9001 Quality Management System. Zomwe zili mu lipoti lalikulu ndi izi:
Zolemba Zoyeserera: Mwatsatanetsatane za mayeso akuthupi ndi makina (mwachitsanzo, cholakwika cha flatness ≤ 0.02 mm/m, kuuma ≥ 80 HSD), kupatuka kwa geometric dimensional (kutalika / m'lifupi / makulidwe olekerera ± 0.5 mm), ndi ma chart ophatikizidwa a data yoyezera yoyambirira kuchokera ku zida zolondola kwambiri zamamita mpaka ma laser interfeed. malo). Malo oyesera ayenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa, ndi kutentha kwa 20 ± 2 ° C ndi chinyezi cha 40% -60% kuteteza zinthu zachilengedwe kusokoneza kulondola kwa muyeso. Kugwira Zosagwirizana: Pazinthu zopitilira zofunikira (mwachitsanzo, kuya kwa pamwamba> 0.2mm), malo omwe ali ndi vuto ndi kukula kwake ziyenera kufotokozedwa momveka bwino, pamodzi ndi ndondomeko yoyenera (kukonzanso, kutsitsa, kapena kuchotsa). Woperekayo ayenera kupereka chikalata chowongolera mkati mwa maola 48.
Siginecha ndi Kusungitsa Zakale: Lipotilo liyenera kusainidwa ndikudindidwa ndi oyimira kuvomereza kwa onse ogulitsa ndi wogula, kuwonetsa momveka bwino tsiku lovomereza ndi kumaliza (oyenerera / podikirira / kukanidwa). Zophatikizidwanso m'malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ziyenera kukhala ziphaso zoyezera zida zoyezera (mwachitsanzo, lipoti la kulondola kwa zida zoyezera pansi pa JJG 117-2013 "Mafotokozedwe a Granite Slab Calibration Specification") ndi zolemba za "zoyendera katatu" (kudzipenda, kuyang'anirana, ndi kuyang'anira mwapadera, kupanga mawonekedwe a ntchito yomanga).
Kutsatiridwa: Nambala ya lipoti iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa "code code + year + serial number" ndipo ikhale yolumikizidwa ndi chizindikiritso chapadera cha gawolo. Kutsata kwapawiri pakati pa zikalata zamagetsi ndi zakuthupi kumatheka kudzera mu dongosolo la ERP, ndipo lipotilo liyenera kusungidwa kwa zaka zosachepera zisanu (kapena motalikirapo monga momwe anavomerezera mu mgwirizano). Kupyolera mu kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka zikalata zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, ubwino wa ndondomeko yonse ya zigawo za granite kuchokera ku zipangizo zopangira katundu mpaka zoperekera zimatha kuwongoleredwa, kupereka chithandizo chodalirika cha deta pakuyika kotsatira, kumanga ndi kukonzanso pambuyo pa malonda.
5. Mapulani a Mayendedwe ndi Kuwongolera Zowopsa
Zigawo za granite ndizowonongeka kwambiri ndipo zimafuna kulondola kwambiri, kotero kuti mayendedwe awo amafunikira dongosolo lokonzekera ndi kuwongolera zoopsa. Kuphatikiza machitidwe ndi miyezo yamakampani, dongosolo lamayendedwe liyenera kulumikizidwa m'magawo atatu: kusintha kwamayendedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje oteteza, ndi njira zosinthira zoopsa, kuwonetsetsa kuwongolera kokhazikika kuyambira pakuperekedwa kwafakitale mpaka kuvomerezedwa.
Kusankha motengera zochitika ndi kutsimikiziratu njira zamayendedwe
Kayendetsedwe ka mayendedwe akuyenera kukongoletsedwa potengera mtunda, mawonekedwe ake, ndi zomwe polojekiti ikufuna. Kwa mayendedwe apamtunda waufupi (nthawi zambiri ≤300 km), zoyendera pamsewu zimakondedwa, chifukwa kusinthasintha kwake kumalola kuperekera khomo ndi khomo ndikuchepetsa kutayika kwamayendedwe. Pazoyendera mtunda wautali (> 300 km), zoyendera njanji zimakondedwa, zomwe zimathandizira kukhazikika kwake kuti zichepetse zovuta za chipwirikiti chamtunda wautali. Kutumiza kunja, kutumiza kwakukulu ndikofunikira, kuwonetsetsa kutsatira malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi onyamula katundu. Mosasamala kanthu za njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuyezetsa kuyika zisanachitike kuyenera kuchitidwa musanayambe mayendedwe kuti zitsimikizire momwe yankho lazokhazikitsira likugwira ntchito, kutengera kukhudzidwa kwa 30 km / h kuti zitsimikizire kuwonongeka kwazinthuzo. Kukonzekera njira kuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la GIS kuti apewe madera atatu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu: makhota osalekeza okhala ndi otsetsereka kuposa 8°, madera osakhazikika a geologically okhala ndi chivomerezi chambiri ≥6, ndi madera okhala ndi mbiri ya nyengo yoopsa (monga mvula yamkuntho ndi chipale chofewa) m'zaka zitatu zapitazi. Izi zimachepetsa kuopsa kwa chilengedwe chakunja komwe kumachokera njira.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti ngakhale GB/T 18601-2024 imapereka zofunikira zonse za "mayendedwe ndi kusungirako" ma slabs a granite, sizimatchula ndondomeko zamayendedwe. Choncho, mu ntchito yeniyeni, zofunikira zowonjezera zaukadaulo ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kutengera kulondola kwa gawolo. Mwachitsanzo, pa nsanja za Class 000 zolondola kwambiri za granite, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi yonse yamayendedwe (ndikuwongolera kwa 20 ± 2 ° C ndi chinyezi cha 50% ± 5%) kuti tipewe kusintha kwa chilengedwe kutulutsa kupsinjika kwamkati ndikuyambitsa kupotoza kolondola.
Dongosolo Lachitetezo Chamagulu Atatu ndi Mafotokozedwe Ogwiritsa Ntchito
Kutengera mawonekedwe a zida za granite, njira zodzitchinjiriza ziyenera kuphatikiza njira ya "buffering-fixing-isolation" yamagulu atatu, kutsatira mosamalitsa muyezo wachitetezo cha ASTM C1528. Wosanjikiza wamkati woteteza amakulungidwa kwathunthu ndi thovu la 20 mm wandiweyani wa ngale, ndikuyang'ana kuzungulira m'makona a zigawozo kuti muteteze mfundo zakuthwa kuti zisaboole phukusi lakunja. Chigawo chapakati choteteza chimadzazidwa ndi matabwa a thovu a EPS okhala ndi kachulukidwe ka ≥30 kg/m³, omwe amamwa mphamvu zoyendayenda kudzera mukusintha. Kusiyana pakati pa chithovu ndi chigawo chapamwamba chiyenera kuyendetsedwa mpaka ≤5 mm kuteteza kusamuka ndi kukangana panthawi yoyendetsa. Kunja kwachitetezo kumatetezedwa ndi matabwa olimba (makamaka paini kapena fir) okhala ndi gawo losachepera 50 mm × 80 mm. Mabulaketi achitsulo ndi ma bolts amatsimikizira kukhazikika kolimba kuti ateteze kusuntha kwazinthu zomwe zili mkati mwa chimango.
Pankhani ya ntchito, mfundo ya "kugwira mosamala" iyenera kutsatiridwa. Zida zonyamula ndi zotsitsa ziyenera kukhala ndi ma cushions a rabara, kuchuluka kwa zigawo zomwe zimakwezedwa panthawi imodzi zisapitirire ziwiri, ndipo kutalika kwa stacking kuyenera kukhala ≤1.5 m kuti mupewe kupanikizika kwakukulu komwe kungayambitse ma microcracks mu zigawo. Zigawo zoyenerera zimapatsidwa chithandizo chachitetezo chapamwamba chisanatumizidwe: kupopera mankhwala ndi silane protective agent (kulowa mkati ≥2 mm) ndikuphimba ndi filimu yoteteza PE kuteteza mafuta, fumbi, ndi kukokoloka kwa madzi amvula panthawi yoyendetsa. Kuteteza Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zowongolera
Chitetezo Pamakona: Magawo onse akumanja ayenera kukhala ndi zotchingira zotchingira pakona za mphira za 5mm ndi zomangika ndi zingwe za nayiloni.
Mphamvu ya Frame: Mafelemu amatabwa amayenera kuyesa mayeso okhazikika a 1.2 nthawi zomwe adavotera kuti atsimikizire kusinthika.
Kutentha ndi Chinyezi Cholemba: Khadi losonyeza kutentha ndi chinyezi (kusiyana -20 ° C mpaka 60 ° C, 0% mpaka 100% RH) iyenera kuikidwa kunja kwa phukusi kuti muwone kusintha kwa chilengedwe mu nthawi yeniyeni.
Kusamutsa Ngozi ndi Njira Yonse Yoyang'anira Ntchito
Kuthana ndi zoopsa zosayembekezereka, njira ziwiri zopewera zoopsa komanso zowongolera kuphatikiza "inshuwaransi + kuyang'anira" ndizofunikira. Inshuwaransi yonyamula katundu iyenera kusankhidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zosachepera 110% za mtengo weniweni wa katunduyo. Kuphimba kwakukulu kumaphatikizapo: kuwonongeka kwa thupi chifukwa cha kugunda kapena kugubuduzika kwa galimoto yonyamula katundu; kuwonongeka kwa madzi chifukwa cha mvula yambiri kapena kusefukira kwa madzi; ngozi monga moto ndi kuphulika panthawi yoyendetsa; ndi kutsika mwangozi panthawi yokweza ndi kutsitsa. Pazigawo zolondola kwambiri (zamtengo wopitilira 500,000 yuan pa seti), timalimbikitsa kuwonjezera ntchito zowunikira zoyendera za SGS. Ntchitoyi imagwiritsa ntchito malo enieni a GPS (kulondola ≤ 10 m) ndi masensa a kutentha ndi chinyezi (nthawi yotsatsira deta ndi mphindi 15) kuti apange leja yamagetsi. Zowopsa zimangoyambitsa zidziwitso zokha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu aziwoneka panthawi yonse yamayendedwe.
Dongosolo loyang'anira ndi kuyankha moyenera liyenera kukhazikitsidwa pamawu oyang'anira: Asanayambe mayendedwe, dipatimenti yowunikira zabwino imatsimikizira kukhulupirika kwa phukusi ndikusayina "Chidziwitso Chotulutsa Maulendo." Panthawi ya mayendedwe, operekeza amayang'anitsitsa maola awiri aliwonse ndikulemba zomwe zayendera. Akafika, wolandirayo ayenera kumasula katunduyo nthawi yomweyo ndikuwunika. Zowonongeka zilizonse monga ming'alu kapena ngodya zodulidwa ziyenera kukanidwa, kuchotsa malingaliro a "kugwiritsa ntchito poyamba, kukonza pambuyo pake". Kupyolera mu njira zitatu zopewera ndi kulamulira zomwe zikuphatikiza "chitetezo chaukadaulo + kutengerapo inshuwaransi + kasamalidwe kasamalidwe," kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa katundu wonyamula katundu kumatha kusungidwa pansi pa 0.3%, kutsika kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwamakampani a 1.2%. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsindika kuti mfundo yofunika kwambiri yopewa kugundana iyenera kutsatiridwa panthawi yonse ya mayendedwe ndi kutsitsa ndi kutsitsa. Ma midadada oyipa ndi omalizidwa ayenera kuunikidwa mwadongosolo molingana ndi gulu komanso mawonekedwe, ndi kutalika kwa mulu wosaposa magawo atatu. Magawo a matabwa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa zigawo kuti ateteze kuipitsidwa kwa kukangana. Chofunikira ichi chimakwaniritsa zomwe zimaperekedwa pa "mayendedwe ndi kusungirako" mu GB/T 18601-2024, ndipo palimodzi amapanga maziko otsimikizira zamtundu wa zida za granite.
6. Chidule cha Kufunika kwa Njira Yovomerezeka
Kutumiza ndi kuvomereza zigawo za granite ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yabwino. Monga mzere woyamba wa chitetezo pakuwongolera khalidwe la polojekiti yomanga, kuyesa kwake kosiyanasiyana ndi kuwongolera kwathunthu kumakhudza mwachindunji chitetezo cha polojekiti, kuyendetsa bwino chuma, komanso kupeza msika. Chifukwa chake, njira yotsimikizika yotsimikizika yokhazikika iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuchokera ku magawo atatu aukadaulo, kutsata, ndi zachuma.
Mulingo Waumisiri: Chitsimikizo Chapawiri Cholondola ndi Mawonekedwe
Pakatikati pa mulingo waukadaulo wagona pakuwonetsetsa kuti zigawo zikukwaniritsa zofunikira za kapangidwe kake kudzera muulamuliro wogwirizana wamawonekedwe osasinthika ndi kuyezetsa kachitidwe kantchito. Kuwongolera mawonekedwe kuyenera kutsatiridwa munthawi yonseyi, kuyambira pa zinthu zolimba mpaka zomalizidwa. Mwachitsanzo, njira yoyendetsera kusiyana kwa mitundu ya "zosankha ziwiri zazinthu zovunda, kusankha kumodzi kwa mbale, ndi zosankha zinayi za masanjidwe a mbale ndi manambala" imayendetsedwa, kuphatikiza ndi msonkhano wopanda kuwala kuti ukwaniritse kusintha kwachilengedwe pakati pa mtundu ndi mawonekedwe, potero kupewa kuchedwa kwa zomangamanga komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mitundu. (Mwachitsanzo, pulojekiti ina inachedwetsedwa kwa pafupifupi milungu iwiri chifukwa chosakwanira kulamulira kusiyana kwa mitundu.) Kuyesa kagwiridwe ka ntchito kumayang'ana pa zizindikiro za thupi ndi kulondola kwa makina. Mwachitsanzo, BRETON basi mosalekeza akupera ndi kupukuta makina ntchito kulamulira flatness kupatuka kwa <0.2mm, pamene infuraredi magetsi mlatho kudula makina amaonetsetsa kutalika ndi m'lifupi kupatuka <0.5mm. Ukatswiri wolondola umafunikanso kulolerana mwamphamvu kwa ≤0.02mm/m, kufuna kutsimikizira mwatsatanetsatane pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera monga gloss metre ndi ma vernier calipers.
Kutsatiridwa: Kufikira Msika Magawo a Chitsimikizo Chokhazikika
Kutsatira ndikofunikira kuti malonda alowe m'misika yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso yapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimafuna kutsatiridwa munthawi imodzi ndi zonse zomwe zili m'nyumba ndi machitidwe a ziphaso zapadziko lonse lapansi. Pakhomo, kutsata zofunikira za GB/T 18601-2024 za mphamvu zopondereza ndi mphamvu zosinthika ndizofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, panyumba zazitali kapena m'madera ozizira, kuyezetsa kowonjezera kwa chisanu ndi mphamvu ya simenti kumafunika. Pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi, chiphaso cha CE ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri potumiza kunja ku EU ndipo chimafunika kupititsa mayeso a EN 1469. Dongosolo la ISO 9001 lapadziko lonse lapansi, kudzera mu "kachitidwe koyang'anira katatu" (kudziyang'anira nokha, kuyang'anirana, ndi kuyang'anira mwapadera) ndikuwongolera njira, imatsimikizira kuyankha kwamtundu wonse kuyambira pakugula zinthu mpaka kutumiza komaliza. Mwachitsanzo, Jiaxiang Xulei Stone wapeza chiwongola dzanja chotsogola pamakampani 99.8% ndi 98.6% kukhutitsidwa kwamakasitomala kudzera mudongosololi.
Zachuma: Kulinganiza Kuwongolera Mtengo ndi Mapindu a Nthawi Yaitali
Phindu lazachuma la ndondomeko yovomerezeka lagona pa ubwino wake wapawiri wa kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha nthawi yochepa komanso kukhathamiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali. Deta imasonyeza kuti kukonzanso ndalama chifukwa cha kuvomereza kosakwanira kungathe kuwerengera 15% ya ndalama zonse za polojekiti, pamene ndalama zokonzekera zotsatila chifukwa cha zovuta monga ming'alu yosaoneka ndi kusintha kwa mitundu kungakhale kokwera kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuvomereza mosamalitsa kumatha kuchepetsa mtengo wokonzekera ndi 30% ndikupewa kuchedwa kwa pulojekiti chifukwa cha zolakwika zakuthupi. (Mwachitsanzo, mu projekiti ina, ming’alu yoyambitsidwa ndi kuvomereza mosasamala inachititsa kuti ndalama zokonzetsera ziwonjezeke zopyola bajeti yoyambirira ndi yuan 2 miliyoni.) Kampani ya zinthu zamwala inapeza chivomerezo cha 100% cha kuvomereza projekiti kupyolera mu “ndondomeko yoyang’anira khalidwe la magawo asanu ndi limodzi,” zomwe zinachititsa kuti 92.3% awombolenso makasitomala, kusonyeza chiyambukiro chachindunji cha kuwongolera khalidwe pa msika.
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri: Njira yovomerezera iyenera kutsata nzeru za ISO 9001 "zopitilira patsogolo". Njira yotseka "kuvomereza-yankho-kukweza" kumalimbikitsidwa. Zofunikira zazikulu monga kuwongolera kusiyana kwa mitundu ndi kusinthasintha kwa kuphwanyidwa ziyenera kuwunikiridwa kotala kuti kukwezetsa miyezo yosankha ndi zida zowunikira. Kusanthula kwazifukwa kuyenera kuchitidwa pamilandu yokonzanso, ndipo "Mafotokozedwe Osagwirizana ndi Katundu Wazinthu" ayenera kusinthidwa. Mwachitsanzo, kudzera mu kuwunika kwa data kotala, kampani ina idachepetsa kuvomera kogaya ndi kupukuta kuchoka pa 3.2% kufika pa 0.8%, ndikupulumutsa ma yuan opitilira 5 miliyoni pamitengo yokonza pachaka.
Kupyolera mu mgwirizano wamagulu atatu aukadaulo, kutsata, ndi zachuma, kuvomereza kulandilidwa kwa zida za granite sikungoyang'anira khalidwe labwino komanso njira yabwino yolimbikitsira kukhazikika kwamakampani ndikukweza mpikisano wamakampani. Pokhapokha pakuphatikiza njira yolandirira mumayendedwe onse amakampani omwe angaphatikizepo ubwino wa projekiti, mwayi wopeza msika, komanso phindu lazachuma.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-15-2025