Pankhani yopanga semiconductor, kulondola ndi chilichonse. Pamene luso lopanga tchipisi likupitirirabe kupita ku mlingo wa nanometer ngakhalenso mulingo wa nanometer, cholakwika chilichonse chaching'ono chingayambitse kuchepa kwa chip kapena kulephera kwathunthu. Pampikisanowu wolondola kwambiri, zida zotsogola za granite, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso makina amakina, zakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kulondola kwa nanoscale kupanga chip.
Kukhazikika kwapadera kumayala maziko olondola
Chilengedwe mu msonkhano wopanga semiconductor ndizovuta, ndipo zinthu zakunja monga kugwedezeka ndi kusintha kwa kutentha nthawi zonse zimawopseza kulondola kwa kupanga. Chalk chapamwamba cha granite chimakhala ndi kukhazikika kwakukulu, zomwe zimapereka maziko olimba opangira chip. Mapangidwe ake amkati ndi owundana komanso ofanana, omwe amapangidwa kudzera m'mikhalidwe yazaka mazana a mamiliyoni azaka, ndipo ali ndi chikhalidwe chonyowa kwambiri. Kugwedezeka kwakunja kukaperekedwa ku zida zopangira, mbali zolondola za granite zimatha kuyamwa ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yopitilira 80% ya mphamvu yakugwedezeka, ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kugwedezeka kwa zida zolondola.
Khalidweli ndilofunika kwambiri mu ndondomeko ya photolithography. Photolithography ndi gawo lofunikira pakusamutsa mapangidwe a tchipisi pa zowotcha za silicon, zomwe zimafunikira makina opangira zithunzi kuti akhale okhazikika kwambiri. The granite mwatsatanetsatane workbench akhoza kusiyanitsa kugwedezeka kwa kugwedezeka pansi pa msonkhano pansi ndi zipangizo zina, kuonetsetsa kuti wachibale cholakwika pakachitsulo chophwanyika ndi photolithography chigoba amawongoleredwa pa mlingo wa nanometer pa kuwonekera kwa makina photolithography, potero kutsimikizira kusamutsa yeniyeni chitsanzo.
Kuphatikiza apo, coefficient of thermal expansion of granite ndi yotsika kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 5 mpaka 7 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Panthawi yopangira semiconductor, kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zida ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa malo ochitira msonkhano kungayambitse kutentha kwazinthu. Zida zamtengo wapatali za granite sizimakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa kutentha ndipo zimatha kukhala ndi miyeso yokhazikika komanso mawonekedwe ake. Mwachitsanzo, mu kachipangizo ka chip, ngakhale kusintha pang'ono kwa kutentha kungayambitse kutentha kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za zida zotchingira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuya kwake komanso kulondola. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zolondola za granite monga chithandizo ndi zida zonyamula katundu zitha kuletsa izi kuti zisachitike, kuwonetsetsa kulondola komanso kusasinthika kwa njira yolumikizira.
Mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane processing ndi pamwamba khalidwe ubwino
Ukadaulo wotsogola kwambiri wamagawo olondola a granite nawonso ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti tchipisi tapangidwa molondola. Kupyolera muukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wopangira zinthu, kusalala kwapansi, kuwongoka ndi zizindikiro zina zolondola za zida za granite zimatha kufika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, potengera njira za CNC zopera ndi kupukuta, kuuma kwa granite kumatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka mulingo wa nanometer, kupangitsa kuti kumapeto kwake kukhale ngati kalilole.
Pazida zopangira chip, mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri a pamwamba pazigawo monga njanji zotsogola za granite ndi ma slider amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kukangana ndi kuvala pakati pa magawo osuntha. Izi sizimangowonjezera kukhazikika komanso kulondola kwa kayendedwe ka zida, komanso kumawonjezera moyo wautumiki wa zida. Tengani zida zopakira tchipisi monga chitsanzo. Njanji zolondola za granite zowongolera zimatha kuwonetsetsa kuti cholakwika chakuyenda kwa mutu wazolongedza ponyamula ndikuyika chip chimayendetsedwa pamlingo wa micrometer kapena ngakhale nanometer, potero kukwaniritsa kulondola kolondola komanso kulumikizana kodalirika pakati pa chip ndi gawo lapansi.
Anti-kuvala ndi kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali
Kupanga kwa semiconductor ndi njira yopitilira komanso yayitali, ndipo zida ziyenera kugwira ntchito mokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali. Granite ili ndi kulimba kwamphamvu kwa Mohs kwa 6 mpaka 7, yokhoza kupirira kusuntha kwanthawi yayitali ndi katundu. Pantchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya zida zopangira chip, zida za granite zolondola sizitha kung'ambika ndipo zimatha kukhala zokhazikika komanso zolondola.
Poyerekeza ndi zida zina, granite samakumana ndi kutopa kapena kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito pakagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yayitali. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zida zopangira chip zogwiritsa ntchito zida za granite mwatsatanetsatane zimatha kukhalabe zolondola kwambiri komanso zokhazikika pambuyo pogwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali, ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa chilema cha mankhwala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zida zolondola. Kwa opanga ma semiconductor, izi sizimangowonjezera luso la kupanga komanso zimachepetsa ndalama zopangira.
Mapeto
Panjira yotsata kulondola kwa nanoscale popanga semiconductor, magawo olondola a granite amatenga gawo losasinthika ndi kukhazikika kwawo, kukonza mwatsatanetsatane komanso kudalirika kwanthawi yayitali. Kuchokera ku photolithography kupita ku etching, kuchokera pakupanga chip mpaka kuyesa, zida zolondola za granite zimadutsa pa ulalo uliwonse wofunikira pakupanga tchipisi, kupereka chitsimikizo cholimba cha kupanga tchipisi mwatsatanetsatane. Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza chaukadaulo wa semiconductor, zofunikira pakulondola zidzakwera kwambiri. Magawo olondola a granite apitilizanso kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pagawoli, kuthandiza makampani opanga ma semiconductor kuti azifika pachimake chatsopano. Kaya pano kapena m'tsogolomu, mbali zolondola za granite nthawi zonse zidzakhala mphamvu yayikulu yowonetsetsa kuti nanometer ikulondola pakupanga ma semiconductor.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-07-2025