Mu Nthawi ya Kuphunzira kwa Makina, N’chifukwa Chiyani Akatswiri Opanga Zinthu Molondola Amakhulupirirabe Tabuleti ya Mwala?

Malo opangira zinthu amakono amatanthauzidwa ndi zovuta zosinthika: makina othamanga kwambiri, mayankho a masensa nthawi yeniyeni, ndi zida zama robotic zowongolera luntha lochita kupanga. Komabe, pakati pa malire aukadaulo uwu pali chowonadi chimodzi, chosasinthika, komanso chosasintha: Granite Metrology Table. Malo ofunikira awa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala mbale yakuda yolondola ya granite, amakhalabe muyezo wapamwamba womwe umayesedwa kulondola konse kwa magawo.

Kudalira kopitilira komanso kofunikira paZida Zoyezera GraniteM'mafakitale apamwamba kwambiri—kuyambira kupanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi ma semiconductor mpaka kupanga zinthu zamlengalenga—si chizindikiro cha mwambo, koma kuvomereza kwakukulu kwa sayansi ya zinthu. Pamene machitidwe amafuna kulondola mpaka pa nanometer, maziko enieniwo ayenera kukhala osatsutsika, okhala ndi kukhazikika komwe palibe makina amagetsi ogwira ntchito omwe angatsanzire bwino.

Fiziki Yosasinthika ya Granite

Vuto lalikulu mu metrology yolondola kwambiri ndi kupatula kuyeza kuchokera ku phokoso la chilengedwe. Phokoso ili limawonekera m'njira ziwiri zowononga: kutentha ndi kugwedezeka kwa makina.

1. Kugonjetsa Kutentha Kwambiri

Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa zolakwika zazikulu m'malo opangira zinthu ndi kusintha kwa kutentha. Zinthu zikatentha, zimakula; zikazizira, zimachepa. Kukula kwa kusinthaku kumayendetsedwa ndi Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE). Zitsulo, monga chitsulo ndi chitsulo chosungunuka, zimakhala ndi ma CTE ambiri. Ngakhale kusinthasintha pang'ono kwa kutentha kungayambitse kuti maziko achitsulo awonongeke ndi ma micrometer angapo - kulephera mwachangu m'dziko la sub-micron.

Granite yakuda yodziwika bwino ili ndi CTE yotsika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yokhazikika kwambiri. Ubwino uwu umaonetsetsa kuti Granite Metrology Table imasunga kusalala kwake kovomerezeka ngakhale kutentha kwa mlengalenga kusinthasintha. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo kumalola kuti zizitha kuyamwa ndikuwongolera kutentha pang'onopang'ono, zikugwira ntchito ngati chotetezera kutentha ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yosokoneza kutentha kwachangu pamwamba pake.

2. Kuchepetsa Chisokonezo cha Makina

Pansi pa fakitale iliyonse pamakhala kugwedezeka—kuchokera ku ma compressor, ma HVAC units, mapazi, ndi magalimoto akutali. Kugwedezeka kumeneku, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri sikuonekera kwa anthu, kumatha kusokoneza muyeso wa laser wosavuta kapena kusokoneza kulinganiza kwa gawo lolondola.

Granite imachita bwino kwambiri pano chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yapamwamba yochepetsera kutentha kwa mkati. Mosiyana ndi chitsulo, chomwe chimakonda kulira kapena kumveka bwino chikamenyedwa, granite imachotsa mphamvu yamakina mwachangu mkati. Chida cholimba kwambiri, monga CMM kapena chipangizo chotsata laser, chikayikidwa pa mbale yakuda yolondola ya granite, graniteyo imatsimikizira kuti deta yoyezedwayo ikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a gawolo, osati phokoso la chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza kwa CTE yotsika komanso mphamvu yayikulu yochepetsera kutentha kumapangitsa granite kukhala chinthu chokhacho chopanda mphamvu choyenera kukhala maziko a miyeso yovuta kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Gome la Granite Metrology: Kufotokozera Zero Plane

Pakati pa kuwunika kwa miyeso ndiTebulo la Granite Metrology, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafanana ndi mbale ya granite yapamwamba kwambiri. Iyi si benchi lolemera lokha logwirira ntchito; ndi mzere wopanda malire—malo odziwika bwino, otsimikiziridwa omwe miyeso yonse yolunjika ndi yozungulira imachokera.

Matebulo awa amapangidwa motsatira miyezo yovuta kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amatsatira miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi monga DIN 876, ASME B89, kapena JIS B 7510. Giredi ya mbale yozungulira (monga Giredi 00, Giredi 000) imatsimikizira kusiyana kovomerezeka kwa kusalala m'dera lonse logwirira ntchito. Giredi yapamwamba kwambiri imakhala yosalala yoyesedwa mu nanometers chabe, ntchito yayikulu yomwe imachitika pokhapokha kudzera mu njira zomaliza zolumikizira mosamala.

Ntchito ya pamwamba pa mbale siimangothandiza gawo lina:

• Kukhazikitsa Datum: Imapereka mzere womaliza wa datum kapena pulani ya kuwunika konse kwa geometri, kuonetsetsa kuti miyeso yofanana, sikweya, ndi yowongoka zonse zikugwirizana ndi mfundo imodzi yotsimikizika.

• Zipangizo Zogwirizanitsa: Tebuloli limagwira ntchito ngati maziko okhazikika a Zida Zoyezera Granite (monga masikweya, ofanana, ndi ma V-block) komanso zida zamakono monga ma level amagetsi ndi ma interferometer a laser.

Chilengedwe cha Zida Zoyezera Granite

Chipinda chapamwamba ndiye chothandizira, koma kugwira ntchito kwake kumatsegulidwa ndi chilengedwe cha Zida Zoyezera za Granite zomwe zayikidwapo. Zowonjezera izi zimathandiza kusamutsa molondola ndi kutsimikizira chowonadi cha geometry.

• Kufanana kwa Granite: Kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukweza ndikuthandizira zinthu zogwirira ntchito pamene zikusunga kufanana kwa mbale pamwamba. Kukhazikika kwawo kumatsimikizira kuti mawonekedwe a chinthucho sakusokonekera poyesa.

• Ma Granite V-Blocks: Ofunika kwambiri poyika zinthu zozungulira (ma shaft, ma pini) ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mzere wa silindayo uli wofanana bwino ndi malo owunikira, gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuyesa kosasinthasintha komanso kuthamanga.

• Ma Granite Tri Squares ndi Mphepete Zowongoka: Monga tafotokozera m'nkhani zina, zida izi zimasamutsa kusalala kwa mbale kukhala mawonekedwe angwiro a sikweya ndi kulunjika, zomwe zimathandiza akatswiri kutsimikizira kukhazikika kwa mayendedwe a makina kapena mawonekedwe osonkhanitsidwa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito granite wochuluka kwambiri nthawi zonse pazida zonsezi zoyezera kumachepetsa kusagwirizana kwa zinthu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti njira yonse yoyezera ndi yofanana ndi kutentha komanso kayendedwe kake.

Ulamuliro Wosagwedezeka wa Luso ndi Kutsata

Kutha kupanga mbale zazikulu zakuda zolondola kwambiri za granite nthawi zonse kumafuna ndalama osati pamakina apamwamba okha—monga malo opangira ma CNC okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso makina apadera opukusira a 6000 mm—komanso pa munthu. Gawo lomaliza, lofunika kwambiri pakulumikiza pamwamba pa nthaka ndi luso laukadaulo.

Opanga otsogola amakhala ndi antchito a akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito omwe manja awo amatha kumva ndikuwongolera zolakwika pamlingo wa sub-micron, luso lomwe lakhala likukulitsidwa kwa zaka makumi ambiri. Luso limeneli limatsimikiziridwa ndi kudzipereka kosalekeza kutsimikizira khalidwe. Zida Zonse Zoyezera Granite ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida (monga ma tracker a laser ndi milingo yamagetsi) zomwe kulondola kwake kumatsatiridwa kwathunthu ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi ya metrology (monga, NIST, NPL, PTB). Unyolo wopitilira uwu wa calibration umapereka chidaliro chokwanira chomwe chimafunikira ndi mafakitale komwe kulondola kumafanana ndi chitetezo, magwiridwe antchito, ndi ukadaulo wotsogola.

Malingaliro otsogolera makampani awa ndi a umphumphu wosasinthasintha: "Bizinesi yolondola singakhale yovuta kwambiri." Kupezeka kosatha kwa Gome losavuta, losasunthika la Granite Metrology m'malo opangidwa ndiukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri kumatsimikizira kuti ngakhale makina amatha kugwira ntchito yosinthasintha, chowonadi cha geometry chiyenera kufotokozedwa nthawi zonse ndi kukhazikika kwa chete, kosasintha kwa miyala.