Pankhani ya zida zolondola zamafakitale, kukhazikika kwa granite kumadalira makamaka kapangidwe kake ka mchere, kuchuluka kwa kapangidwe kake, ndi zizindikiro za magwiridwe antchito (monga kuchuluka kwa kutentha, kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa madzi, ndi mphamvu yokakamiza), osati mtundu wake wokha. Komabe, mtundu nthawi zambiri umasonyeza mosiyana kusiyana kwa kapangidwe ka mchere ndi kapangidwe kake. Chifukwa chake, pakugwiritsa ntchito kothandiza, granite yamitundu ina imakondedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake apamwamba kwambiri. Kusanthula kwapadera ndi uku:
I. Kugwirizana Kosalunjika Pakati pa Mtundu ndi Kukhazikika
Mtundu wa granite umatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe kake ka mchere, ndipo kapangidwe kake ka mchere kamakhudza mwachindunji mawonekedwe ake enieni:
Granite yowala (monga yoyera imvi, pinki yowala)
Kapangidwe ka mchere: Makamaka quartz ndi feldspar (zomwe zimakhala ndi 60% mpaka 80%), ndi mica kapena amphibole yochepa.
Quartz (yokhala ndi kachulukidwe ka 2.65g/cm³) ndi feldspar (yokhala ndi kachulukidwe ka 2.5-2.8g/cm³) zimakhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu, kukhazikika kwamphamvu kwa mankhwala, komanso kuchuluka kochepa kwa kutentha (nthawi zambiri 5-8×10⁻⁶/℃), ndipo sizimakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi kusintha kwa kutentha.
Mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kake: Kapangidwe m'malo okhazikika a geology (monga kuzizira pang'onopang'ono m'chigawo chosaya cha nthaka ya Dziko Lapansi), ndi tinthu ta kristalo tofanana, kapangidwe kolimba, ma porosity ochepa (0.3% - 0.7%), kuchuluka kochepa kwa madzi (<0.15%), komanso kukana kwambiri kusintha kwa zinthu.
Ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri: Zipangizo zamagetsi zopangira ma chip, zida zowunikira bwino (monga nsanja za makina ojambulira zithunzi), zomwe zimafunika kusunga kulondola kwa miyeso kwa nthawi yayitali.
Granite wakuda (monga wakuda, wobiriwira wakuda)
Kapangidwe ka mchere: Wolemera mu chitsulo ndi magnesium minerals (monga amphibole, biotite, pyroxene), ndipo pang'ono uli ndi minerals ya heavy metal monga magnetite ndi ilmenite.
Amphibole (kuchuluka kwa 3.0-3.4g/cm³) ndi biotite (kuchuluka kwa 2.7-3.1g/cm³) ali ndi kachulukidwe kakakulu, koma ma coefficients awo a kutentha ndi apamwamba pang'ono kuposa a quartz (mpaka 8-12×10⁻⁶/℃), ndipo kapangidwe kawo kangasinthe pang'ono chifukwa cha okosijeni wa mchere wokhala ndi chitsulo.
Makhalidwe a kapangidwe kake: Amapangidwa makamaka m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso opanikizika kwambiri (monga kuzizira mwachangu kwa magma akuya), okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta kristalo komanso kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa kapangidwe kake. Granite ina yakuda (monga Jinan Green) ili ndi kapangidwe kofanana komanso kokhazikika chifukwa cha mphamvu ya magmatic komanso kutulutsidwa kwathunthu kwa mphamvu yamkati.
Ntchito zachizolowezi: Maziko a zida zamakina olemera, makina akuluakulu oyezera (CMM), omwe amafunika kupirira katundu wambiri komanso kukana kugunda.
II. Zizindikiro Zazikulu Za Kukhazikika M'mafakitale
Mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wake, zofunikira zazikulu za granite mu zida zolondola zamafakitale ndi izi:
Kukhazikika kwa kutentha
Sankhani mitundu yokhala ndi kutentha kochepa (<8×10⁻⁶/℃) kuti mupewe kusinthasintha kwa kulondola kwa zida chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kutentha. Granite yowala (monga sesame white) imakhala ndi kutentha kolimba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa quartz.
Kuphatikizika kwa kapangidwe kake
Granite yokhala ndi ma porosity osakwana 0.5% ndi mlingo woyamwa madzi wosakwana 0.1% siimakonda kukumba chinyezi kapena zinyalala ndipo singathe kusokonekera ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Dzinan Green yonse mu granite yakuda (yokhala ndi ma porosity a 0.3%) ndi Shanxi Black mu granite yopepuka (yokhala ndi ma porosity a 0.2%) imakwaniritsa zofunikira za kuchuluka kwamadzi.
Mphamvu ya makina
Mphamvu yopondereza ndi yoposa 150MPa ndipo mphamvu yopindika ndi yoposa 12MPa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zonyamulira zolondola zikhale zolimba kwa nthawi yayitali. Granite wakuda (monga wakuda waku India) nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zamakanika chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mchere wachitsulo ndi magnesium ndipo ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zolemera.
Kukana dzimbiri kwa mankhwala
Quartz ndi feldspar zimalimbana kwambiri ndi dzimbiri la asidi ndi alkali. Chifukwa chake, granite yowala (monga sesame grey) ndiyoyenera kwambiri m'malo owononga m'mafakitale a mankhwala ndi semiconductor.
Iii. Zosankha ndi Milandu Yofunikira Mu Ntchito Zamakampani
Granite wowala: Chosankha chomwe chimakondedwa kwambiri pazochitika zolondola kwambiri
Mitundu yoyimira:
Sesame White: Yopangidwa ku Fujian, ndi imvi yopepuka, yokhala ndi quartz yoposa 70%. Coefficient yake ya expansion ya kutentha ndi 6×10⁻⁶/℃. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mapulatifomu a makina a semiconductor lithography ndi zida zowunikira ndege.
Dzinan Green: Imvi yakuda, kapangidwe kofanana, mphamvu yopondereza 240MPa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko a makina oyezera a coordinate (CMM).
Ubwino: Kufanana kwa mitundu, komwe kumathandiza kuti zipangizo zamagetsi ziziyang'anira njira yowunikira; Ili ndi kusintha pang'ono kwa kutentha ndipo ndi yoyenera kulondola kwa nanometer.
Granite wakuda: Wokondedwa pazochitika zolemera komanso zosagwedezeka
Mitundu yoyimira:
Mlalang'amba Wakuda: Wakuda, wokhala ndi ilmenite, wokhala ndi kulemera kwa 3.05g/cm³ komanso mphamvu yopondereza ya 280MPa. Umagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zida zoyendetsera makina olemera komanso zida zopangira magalimoto.
Chakuda cha ku Mongolia: Chobiriwira chakuda, makamaka amphibole, cholimba kwambiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko a zida zamigodi.
Ubwino: Yolemera kwambiri, yolimba kwambiri, yokhoza kuyamwa kugwedezeka kwa makina, yoyenera malo okhala ndi mafakitale ambiri.
Zinayi. Mapeto: Mtundu si chinthu chomwe chimatsimikizira; magwiridwe antchito ndiye maziko
Kukhazikika kwa mtundu ≠: Granite yonse yowala ndi yakuda ili ndi mitundu yokhazikika kwambiri. Chinsinsi chake chili mu kuyera kwa mchere, kufanana kwa kapangidwe kake, ndi zizindikiro zakuthupi.
Mfundo yoyendetsera zochitika:
Zipangizo zamagetsi/zowunikira bwino: Sankhani mitundu yowala yokhala ndi quartz yambiri (monga sesame white), zomwe zimagogomezera kukhazikika kwa kutentha ndi kulondola kwa pamwamba.
Zipangizo zamakina olemera/mafakitale: Sankhani mitundu ya miyala ya magnesium yakuda, yokhala ndi chitsulo chambiri (monga buluu wa Jinan), yomwe imasonyeza mphamvu ya makina ndi kukana kugunda.
Malangizo Ogulira: Tsimikizirani magawo monga kuchuluka kwa kutentha, kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amalowa, ndi mphamvu yokakamiza kudzera mu malipoti oyesera (monga GB/T 18601-2020 "Natural Granite Building Slabs"), m'malo mongoweruza ndi mtundu wokha.
Pomaliza, m'mafakitale, kusankha granite kumaika patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ndipo kumawonjezeredwa ndi mtundu. Kuwunika kwathunthu kuyenera kupangidwa pamodzi ndi zofunikira zinazake za zida ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-19-2025