M'munda wa zida zolondola zamafakitale, kukhazikika kwa granite makamaka kumadalira kapangidwe kake ka mchere, kachulukidwe kachulukidwe, ndi zizindikiritso za magwiridwe antchito (monga kuchuluka kwa matenthedwe, kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe amadzi, ndi mphamvu zopondereza), osati mtundu wake womwe. Komabe, mtundu nthawi zambiri umawonetsa mosiyanasiyana kusiyana kwa kapangidwe ka mineral ndi mapangidwe ake. Chifukwa chake, pamagwiritsidwe ntchito, granite yamitundu ina imakondedwa kwambiri chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwambiri. Zotsatirazi ndikuwunika kwapadera:
I. Mgwirizano Wosalunjika Pakati pa Mtundu ndi Kukhazikika
Mtundu wa granite umatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe kake ka mchere, ndipo kapangidwe kake kamene kamakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe ake:
Granite wonyezimira (monga imvi yoyera, pinki yowala)
Kuphatikizika kwa mchere: Makamaka quartz ndi feldspar (kuwerengera mpaka 60% mpaka 80%), yokhala ndi mica kapena amphibole pang'ono.
Quartz (yokhala ndi makulidwe a 2.65g / cm³) ndi feldspar (yokhala ndi 2.5-2.8g / cm³) imakhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu, kukhazikika kwamphamvu kwa mankhwala, ndi kutsika kochepa kwa kutentha kwapakati (nthawi zambiri 5-8 × 10⁻⁶ / ℃), ndipo sizimakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi kusintha.
Maonekedwe ake: Amapangidwa m'malo okhazikika achilengedwe (monga kuzirala pang'onopang'ono m'malo osaya a Dziko Lapansi), okhala ndi tinthu tating'ono ta crystalline, mawonekedwe owundana, otsika kwambiri (0.3% - 0.7%), kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe otsika (<0.15%), komanso kukana mwamphamvu kupindika.
Ntchito zofananira: Zida zopangira zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, zida zowoneka bwino (monga nsanja zamakina a Photolithography), zomwe zimafunikira kusunga kulondola kwanthawi yayitali.
Granite wakuda (monga wakuda, wobiriwira)
Maminolo: Olemera mu chitsulo ndi magnesium mchere (monga amphibole, biotite, pyroxene), ndipo pang'ono ali ndi mchere zitsulo zolemera monga magnetite ndi ilmenite.
Amphibole (kachulukidwe 3.0-3.4g/cm³) ndi biotite (kachulukidwe 2.7-3.1g/cm³) ali ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono, koma ma coefficients awo akukula kwamafuta ndi apamwamba pang'ono kuposa a quartz (mpaka 8-12 × 10⁻⁶ ⁶ / ⁶ kusintha kwa mawonekedwe awo) mchere wokhala ndi chitsulo.
Makhalidwe Apangidwe: Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso opanikizika kwambiri (monga kuzirala kofulumira kwa magma), okhala ndi tinthu tating'ono ta crystalline komanso kusiyana kwakukulu pamapangidwe. Ma granite ena amdima (monga Jinan Green) ali ndi mawonekedwe ofananirako komanso okhazikika chifukwa champhamvu yamphamvu yamagetsi komanso kutulutsidwa kwathunthu kwa kupsinjika kwamkati.
Ntchito zofananira: Zoyambira zida zamakina olemera, makina akulu oyezera (CMM), omwe amafunikira kupirira katundu wambiri komanso kukana mphamvu.
Ii. Zizindikiro Zakukhazikika mu Zochitika Zamakampani
Mosasamala mtundu, zofunika zazikulu za granite pazida zolondola zamakampani ndi:
Kukhazikika kwamafuta
Ikani patsogolo kusankha mitundu yokhala ndi mphamvu yocheperako yokulitsa kutentha (<8×10⁻⁶/℃) kuti mupewe kusokonekera kolondola kwa zida chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kutentha. Granite yowala (monga sesame white) imakhala ndi kukhazikika kwamafuta chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kwa quartz.
Kulumikizana kwamapangidwe
Granite yokhala ndi porosity yochepera 0.5% komanso mayamwidwe amadzi ochepera 0.1% samakonda kukopa chinyezi kapena zonyansa ndipo sichingapunduke pakagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali. Onse a Jinan Green mu granite yakuda (yokhala ndi porosity ya 0.3%) ndi Shanxi Black mu granite yowala (yokhala ndi porosity ya 0.2%) amakwaniritsa zofunikira za kachulukidwe kwambiri.
Mphamvu zamakina
Mphamvu yopondereza ndi yayikulu kuposa 150MPa ndipo mphamvu yosunthika ndi yayikulu kuposa 12MPa, kuwonetsetsa kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali kwa kunyamula zida zolondola. Granite wakuda (monga wakuda waku India) nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zamakina apamwamba chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa chitsulo ndi magnesium minerals ndipo ndi yoyenera pazochitika zolemetsa.
Chemical dzimbiri kukana
Quartz ndi feldspar zimalimbana kwambiri ndi asidi ndi dzimbiri za alkali. Chifukwa chake, granite yamitundu yopepuka (monga imvi ya sesame) ndiyoyenera kwambiri kumadera owononga m'mafakitale amankhwala ndi semiconductor.
Iii. Zosankha Zazikulu ndi Milandu mu Industrial Field
Granite yamtundu wopepuka: Chisankho chomwe mumakonda pazochitika zolondola kwambiri
Mitundu yoyimira:
Sesame White: Wopangidwa ku Fujian, ndi wotuwa pang'ono, wokhala ndi quartz yopitilira 70%. Coefficient yake ya kukula kwa matenthedwe ndi 6×10⁻⁶/℃. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapulatifomu a semiconductor lithography ndi zida zowunikira zakuthambo.
Jinan Green: Imvi yakuda, kapangidwe ka yunifolomu, mphamvu yopondereza 240MPa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira makina oyezera (CMM).
Ubwino: Kufanana kwamtundu wabwino, kumathandizira kuwongolera njira yamagetsi yamagetsi; Ili ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono otenthetsera ndipo ndi oyenera kulondola mulingo wa nanometer.
Granite wakuda: Wokondedwa pazochitika zolemetsa komanso zosagwira ntchito
Mitundu yoyimira:
Black Galaxy: Yakuda mumtundu, yokhala ndi ilmenite, yokhala ndi kachulukidwe ka 3.05g/cm³ komanso mphamvu yopondereza ya 280MPa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zowongolera makina olemetsa komanso zida zopangira magalimoto.
Wakuda waku Mongolia: Wobiriwira wakuda, makamaka amphibole, wokhala ndi kukana mwamphamvu, amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira zida zamigodi.
Ubwino: Kuchulukira kwakukulu, kulimba kolimba, kutha kuyamwa kugwedezeka kwamakina, koyenera malo odzaza mafakitale.
Zinayi. Kutsiliza: Mtundu siwomwe umatsimikizira; performance ndiye phata
Mtundu ≠ kukhazikika: Ma granite amtundu wopepuka komanso wakuda ali ndi mitundu yokhazikika. Chinsinsi chagona pa chiyero cha mchere, kufanana kwa kapangidwe kake, ndi zizindikiro za thupi.
Mfundo yosinthira mawonekedwe:
Zida zowoneka bwino / zamagetsi: Sankhani mitundu yopepuka yokhala ndi ma quartz apamwamba (monga sesame white), kutsindika kukhazikika kwamafuta ndi kulondola kwapamtunda.
Makina olemera / zida zamakina zamafakitale: Sankhani mitundu yakuda, yachitsulo ya magnesium ore (monga Jinan blue), kutsindika mphamvu zamakina ndi kukana kwamphamvu.
Malingaliro ogula: Tsimikizirani magawo monga kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa matenthedwe, kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe amadzi, ndi mphamvu zopondereza kudzera m'malipoti oyesa (monga GB/T 18601-2020 "Natural Granite Building Slabs"), m'malo mongoweruza potengera mtundu.
Pomaliza, m'munda wamafakitale, kusankha kwa granite kumayika patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ndipo kumawonjezeredwa ndi mtundu. Kuwunika kokwanira kuyenera kupangidwa mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za zida ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-19-2025