Mukalowa m'sitolo iliyonse yogulitsa makina olondola kwambiri, labu yowunikira, kapena malo osonkhanitsira ndege ku Europe kapena North America, mwina mudzapeza malo odziwika bwino: granite yakuda, yopukutidwa yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati maziko osamveka bwino a miyeso yofunika kwambiri. Iyi ndi Granite Surface Plate—mwala wapangodya wa metrology kwa zaka zoposa makumi asanu. Koma nayi funso lomwe anthu ochepa amafunsa: kodi mbaleyo ikupereka kulondola komwe idapangidwira, kapena kodi magwiridwe ake akuchepa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha momwe imayikidwira, kuthandizidwa, komanso kusamalidwa?
Chowonadi ndi chakuti, aGranite pamwamba mbaleNdi chinthu choposa mwala wosalala. Ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi anthu chokonzedwa bwino—chizindikiro chenicheni cha geometry. Komabe ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amachiona ngati mipando: yomangiriridwa ku chimango chofooka, yoyikidwa pafupi ndi gwero lotentha, kapena yosiyidwa yopanda kukonzedwa kwa zaka zambiri poganiza kuti “granite sisintha.” Ngakhale kuti ndi zoona kuti granite imapereka kukhazikika kwapadera poyerekeza ndi zitsulo, siili yotetezeka ku zolakwika. Ndipo ikaphatikizidwa ndi zida zodziwika bwino monga ma gauge a kutalika, zizindikiro zoyimbira, kapena zoyerekeza zamagetsi, ngakhale kupotoka kwa ma micron 10 kumatha kubweretsa zolakwika zokwera mtengo.
Apa ndi pomwe kusiyana pakati pa mbale yopanda kanthu ndi dongosolo lonse kumakhala kofunika kwambiri. Mbale ya Granite yokhala ndi choyimilira sikuti ndi yophweka chabe—ndi yokhudza kukhazikika kwa metrological. Choyimiliracho si chowonjezera; ndi chinthu chopangidwa mwaluso chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti mbaleyo imakhalabe yathyathyathya, yokhazikika, komanso yofikirika mosavuta m'mikhalidwe yeniyeni. Popanda icho, ngakhale granite yapamwamba kwambiri imatha kugwa, kugwedezeka, kapena kusuntha—kuchepetsa muyeso uliwonse womwe watengedwa.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zinthu zomwezo. Granite wakuda wofanana ndi Metrology—nthawi zambiri umachokera ku miyala yaing'ono komanso yochepetsedwa ku India, China, kapena Scandinavia—umasankhidwa chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka isotropic, kutentha kochepa (pafupifupi 6–8 µm/m·°C), komanso mphamvu zachilengedwe zochepetsera chinyezi. Mosiyana ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo, chomwe chimachita dzimbiri, chimasunga kupsinjika kwa makina, komanso chimakula kwambiri ndi kutentha, granite imakhalabe yofanana m'malo ogwirira ntchito wamba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi monga ASME B89.3.7 (US) ndi ISO 8512-2 (padziko lonse lapansi) imatchula granite ngati chinthu chokhacho chovomerezeka cha mbale zolondola zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa ndikuwunika.
Koma zinthu zokha sizikwanira. Taganizirani izi: Granite Surface Plate yokhazikika ya 1000 x 2000 mm imalemera pafupifupi 600–700 kg. Ngati iyikidwa pansi yosagwirizana kapena chimango chosalimba, mphamvu yokoka yokha ingayambitse kusokonekera kwa ma micro-deflections—makamaka pakati. Kusokonekera kumeneku kungakhale kosaoneka ndi maso koma koyezedwa ndi interferometry, ndipo kumaphwanya mwachindunji kulekerera kwa flatness. Mwachitsanzo, mbale ya Giredi 0 ya kukula kumeneko iyenera kukhala yosalala mkati mwa ±13 microns pamwamba pake ponseponse motsatira ISO 8512-2. Mbale yosachirikizidwa bwino ingapitirire pamenepo—ngakhale granite yokha italumikizidwa bwino.
Ndi mphamvu—ndi kufunikira—kwa cholinga chopangidwaGranite pamwamba mbalendi choyimilira. Choyimilira chapamwamba chimachita zambiri kuposa kungokweza mbaleyo kufika kutalika koyenera (nthawi zambiri 850–900 mm). Chimapereka chithandizo cholondola cha mfundo zitatu kapena zambiri chogwirizana ndi mfundo zachilengedwe za mbaleyo kuti zisapindike. Chimaphatikizapo zomangira zolimba kuti zisagwedezeke. Zambiri zimaphatikizapo mapazi ogwedera kapena zomangira zodzipatula kuti ziteteze ku chisokonezo chobwera pansi kuchokera ku makina apafupi. Zina zimakhala ndi malo oyambira pansi kuti zichotse mpweya wosasunthika - wofunikira kwambiri pamagetsi kapena ntchito zoyeretsa.
Ku ZHHIMG, tagwira ntchito ndi makasitomala omwe ankaganiza kuti mbale yawo ya granite inali "yabwino mokwanira" chifukwa inkaoneka yosalala komanso yosasweka. Wogulitsa magalimoto wina ku Midwest adapeza kuti panalibe ma bore alignment okwanira pa ma transmission cases. Pambuyo pofufuza, wolakwa sanali CMM kapena woyendetsa - chinali chimango chachitsulo chopangidwa kunyumba chomwe chinkagwedezeka pansi pa katundu. Kusintha kupita ku Granite Surface Plate yovomerezeka yokhala ndi choyimilira, yopangidwa motsatira malangizo a ASME, kunathetsa kusinthaku usiku wonse. Chiŵerengero chawo cha zinyalala chinatsika ndi 30%, ndipo madandaulo a makasitomala anatha.
Chinthu china chomwe chimadziwika bwino ndi kuwerengera. Granite Surface Plate—kaya yokhazikika kapena yokhazikika—iyenera kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti ikhale yodalirika. Miyezo imalimbikitsa kuwerengeranso pachaka kwa ma plate omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngakhale kuti ma lab olondola kwambiri amatha kuchita izi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse. Kuwerengera kwenikweni si sitampu ya rabara; kumaphatikizapo kujambula malo mazana ambiri pamwamba pogwiritsa ntchito ma level amagetsi, autocollimators, kapena laser interferometers, kenako kupanga mapu osonyeza kusiyana pakati pa chigwa ndi chigwa. Deta iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti ISO/IEC 17025 itsatire malamulo ndi kukonzekera kuwunika.
Kusamalira n'kofunikanso. Ngakhale granite sikufuna mafuta kapena zokutira zapadera, iyenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse ndi isopropyl alcohol kuti ichotse zotsalira za coolant, zitsulo, kapena fumbi lomwe lingalowe m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono. Musayike zida zolemera mwachindunji pamwamba popanda zotetezera, ndipo pewani kukoka zotchingira - nthawi zonse muzinyamule ndikuziyika. Sungani mbaleyo itaphimbidwa ngati simukugwiritsa ntchito kuti mupewe kuipitsidwa ndi mpweya.
Mukasankha Granite Surface Plate, yang'anani kupitirira kukongola kwake. Tsimikizani:
- Giredi yosalala (Giredi 00 ya ma calibration lab, Giredi 0 yowunikira, Giredi 1 yogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse)
- Satifiketi ya ASME B89.3.7 kapena ISO 8512-2
- Mapu ofotokoza bwino momwe zinthu zilili—osati mawu oti munthu wapambana/walephera
- Chiyambi ndi khalidwe la granite (tirigu wabwino, wopanda ming'alu kapena mitsempha ya quartz)
Ndipo musanyozetse choyimiliracho. Funsani wogulitsa wanu ngati chapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kapangidwe kake, ngati mapazi olinganiza akuphatikizidwa, komanso ngati choyimilira chonse chayesedwa pansi pa katundu. Ku ZHHIMG, Granite Surface Plate iliyonse yokhala ndi choyimilira chomwe timapereka imalembedwa motsatizana, yotsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha, ndipo imaphatikizidwa ndi satifiketi yotsatirika ya NIST. Sitigulitsa ma slabs—timapereka machitidwe a metrology.
Chifukwa pamapeto pake, kulondola sikutanthauza kukhala ndi zida zodula kwambiri. Koma ndikofunika kukhala ndi maziko omwe mungawadalire. Kaya mukuyang'ana tsamba la turbine, kulumikiza pakati pa nkhungu, kapena kukonza miyeso ya kutalika, deta yanu imayamba ndi pamwamba pake. Ngati pamwamba pake si pathyathyathya, pakhazikika, komanso potha kutsatidwa, chilichonse chomangidwa pamenepo n'chokayikitsa.
Dzifunseni nokha: mukayesa mozama kwambiri lero, kodi muli ndi chidaliro mu zomwe mukutanthauza—kapena mukukhulupirira kuti zikadali zolondola? Ku ZHHIMG, timakhulupirira kuti chiyembekezo si njira yoyezera zinthu. Timakuthandizani kusintha kusatsimikizika ndi magwiridwe antchito otsimikizika—chifukwa kulondola kwenikweni kumayambira pansi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-09-2025