Bedi la makina limagwira ntchito ngati maziko a zida zilizonse zamakanika, ndipo njira yopangira makina ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lomwe limafuna kulimba kwa kapangidwe kake, kulondola kwa geometry, komanso kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali. Mosiyana ndi msonkhano wosavuta womangidwa ndi maboliti, kupanga bedi la makina olondola ndi vuto la uinjiniya wamakina ambiri. Gawo lililonse—kuyambira poyambira mpaka kukonza komaliza—limafuna kuwongolera kogwirizana kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti zitsimikizire kuti bedi limasunga magwiridwe antchito okhazikika pansi pa zovuta zogwirira ntchito.
Maziko: Kufotokozera Koyamba ndi Kulinganiza
Kumanga kumayamba ndi kukhazikitsa pulani yeniyeni yowunikira. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mbale yapamwamba ya granite kapena laser tracker ngati muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Pansi pa bedi la makina poyamba pamakhala mtunda wofanana pogwiritsa ntchito ma wedge othandizira (chock blocks). Zida zapadera zoyezera, monga milingo yamagetsi, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha zothandizira izi mpaka cholakwika cha parallelism pakati pa pamwamba pa bedi ndi pulani yowunikira chichepa.
Pa mabedi akuluakulu kwambiri, njira yochepetsera kufalikira kwa malo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono: malo othandizira pakati amakhazikika kaye, ndipo kufalikira kwa malo kumapita patsogolo kupita kumapeto. Kuyang'anira mosalekeza kulunjika kwa msewu pogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro choyimitsa ndikofunikira kuti mupewe kugwa pakati kapena kupindika m'mphepete chifukwa cha kulemera kwa gawolo. Chisamaliro chimaperekedwanso ku zinthu zomwe zili m'magawo othandizira; chitsulo chosungunuka nthawi zambiri chimasankhidwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumafanana ndi bedi la makina, pomwe ma composite pads amagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zabwino zochepetsera kugwedezeka. Filimu yopyapyala ya mafuta apadera oletsa kugwidwa pamalo olumikizirana imachepetsa kusokonezeka kwa kukangana ndikuletsa kutsetsereka pang'ono panthawi yokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kuphatikiza Molondola: Kupanga Dongosolo Lotsogolera
Dongosolo la chitsogozo ndiye gawo lalikulu lomwe limayang'anira kuyenda kolunjika, ndipo kulondola kwa kusonkhana kwake kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mtundu wa makina a chipangizocho. Pambuyo pokonza koyamba ndi ma pini opezera, chitsogozocho chimayikidwa, ndipo mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito chitsogozocho imayikidwa mosamala pogwiritsa ntchito ma press plates. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito chitsogozocho iyenera kutsatira mfundo ya "yofanana komanso yopita patsogolo": mabolt amamangiriridwa pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pakati pa chitsogozo kupita kunja, ndikuyika mphamvu yochepa yokha mu kuzungulira kulikonse mpaka zomwe zafotokozedwazo zitakwaniritsidwa. Njira yokhwimayi imaletsa kupsinjika komwe kungayambitse kugwada kwa chitsogozocho.
Vuto lalikulu ndikusintha malo olowera pakati pa mabuloko otsetsereka ndi msewu wotsogolera. Izi zimachitika kudzera mu njira yoyezera ya feeler gauge ndi dial indicator. Mwa kuyika ma feeler gauge okhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana ndikuyesa displacement ya slider ndi dial indicator, clearance-displacement curve imapangidwa. Deta iyi ikutsogolera kusintha kwa ma eccentric pins kapena ma wedge blocks kumbali ya slider, kuonetsetsa kuti malo otsetsereka amagawidwa mofanana. Pa mabedi olondola kwambiri, filimu ya nano-lubrication ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamwamba pa msewu wotsogolera kuti muchepetse friction coefficient ndikuwonjezera kuyenda bwino.
Kulumikizana Kolimba: Spindle Headstock ku Bed
Kulumikizana pakati pa mutu wa spindle, mtima wa mphamvu yotulutsa, ndi bedi la makina kumafuna kulinganiza bwino kwa kutumiza katundu kolimba komanso kugwedezeka. Ukhondo wa malo olumikizirana ndi wofunika kwambiri; malo olumikizirana ayenera kutsukidwa mosamala ndi chotsukira chodzipereka kuti achotse zodetsa zonse, kenako n'kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a silicone apadera kuti awonjezere kuuma kwa kukhudzana.
Ndondomeko yomangirira boti ndi yofunika kwambiri. Kapangidwe kofanana, komwe nthawi zambiri "kumakula kuchokera pakati," kamagwiritsidwa ntchito. Maboti omwe ali pakati amamangiriridwa kaye, ndipo ndondomekoyo imatuluka kunja. Nthawi yotulutsa kupsinjika iyenera kuganiziridwa pambuyo pa kuzungulira kulikonse komangirira. Pa zomangira zofunika kwambiri, chowunikira cha ultrasonic boti chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira mphamvu ya axial nthawi yeniyeni, kuonetsetsa kuti kupsinjika kumagawidwa mofanana pamaboti onse ndikuletsa kumasuka komwe kungayambitse kugwedezeka kosafunikira.
Pambuyo polumikizana, kusanthula kwa modal kumachitika. Chotulutsa chimayambitsa kugwedezeka pamafupipafupi enaake pamutu, ndipo ma accelerometer amasonkhanitsa zizindikiro zoyankhira kudutsa pa bedi la makina. Izi zikutsimikizira kuti mafupipafupi a resonant a base alekanitsidwa mokwanira kuchokera ku ma frequency operating range a system. Ngati chiopsezo cha resonance chapezeka, kuchepetsa kumaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa ma damping shims pa interface kapena fine-tuning bolt preload kuti akonze njira yotumizira kugwedezeka.
Kutsimikizira Komaliza ndi Kulipira Kulondola kwa Jiometri
Akangosonkhanitsa, bedi la makina liyenera kuyesedwa komaliza. Laser interferometer imayesa kuwongoka, pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi kuti iwonjezere kusiyana pang'ono pa kutalika kwa msewu wotsogolera. Dongosolo lamagetsi loyendera limajambula pamwamba, ndikukhazikitsa mbiri ya 3D kuchokera pamalo osiyanasiyana oyezera. Autocollimator imafufuza kukhazikika kwa malo owunikira omwe amawonekera kuchokera ku prism yolondola.
Kupatuka kulikonse komwe kwapezeka chifukwa cha kusalolera kumafuna kulipidwa kolondola. Pa zolakwika zowongoka pamalopo pa msewu wotsogolera, pamwamba pa wedge yothandizira imatha kukonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kukwapula ndi manja. Wopanga mapulogalamu amayikidwa pamalo okwera, ndipo kukangana kuchokera ku slider yosuntha kumavumbula mawonekedwe olumikizana. Malo okwera amakwapulidwa mosamala kuti pang'onopang'ono akwaniritse mawonekedwe a chiphunzitso. Pa mabedi akuluakulu pomwe kukwapula sikungatheke, ukadaulo wolimbitsa wa hydraulic ungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Masilinda ang'onoang'ono a hydraulic amaphatikizidwa mu wedge zothandizira, zomwe zimathandiza kusintha makulidwe a wedge osawononga posintha kuthamanga kwa mafuta, kukwaniritsa kulondola popanda kuchotsa zinthu zakuthupi.
Kutumiza Kotsitsa ndi Kudzaza
Magawo omaliza amaphatikizapo kuyitanitsa. Pa gawo lochotsa zolakwika, bedi limagwira ntchito motsatira njira yoyeserera pomwe kamera yotenthetsera ya infrared imayang'anira kutentha kwa mutu wa galimoto ndikuwonetsa malo otentha omwe ali pamalopo kuti athe kukonza njira zoziziritsira. Zoseweretsa za torque zimayang'anira kusinthasintha kwa kutulutsa kwa mota, zomwe zimathandiza kusintha malo olumikizirana ndi unyolo. Gawo lochotsa zolakwika lomwe limadzazidwa limawonjezera pang'onopang'ono mphamvu yodulira, powona kugwedezeka kwa bedi ndi mtundu wa kumaliza kwa pamwamba pa makina kuti zitsimikizire kulimba kwa kapangidwe kake kukukwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga pansi pa kupsinjika kwenikweni.
Kusonkhanitsa gawo la bedi la makina ndi kuphatikiza mwadongosolo kwa njira zambiri zowongoleredwa molondola. Kudzera mu kutsatira mosamalitsa njira zosonkhanitsira, njira zolipirira mphamvu, komanso kutsimikizira kwathunthu, ZHHIMG imatsimikizira kuti bedi la makina limasunga kulondola kwa micron pansi pa katundu wovuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale maziko osagwedezeka a magwiridwe antchito a zida zapamwamba padziko lonse lapansi. Pamene ukadaulo wozindikira mwanzeru komanso wodzisinthira wokha ukupitilira patsogolo, kusonkhanitsa bedi la makina mtsogolo kudzakhala kolosera komanso kodziwongolera palokha, kukankhira kupanga makina kukhala njira zatsopano zolondola.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-14-2025