Bedi lamakina limakhala ngati gawo loyambira pazida zilizonse zamakina, ndipo njira yake yolumikizira ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe limawonetsa kusasunthika kwamapangidwe, kulondola kwa geometric, komanso kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali. Kutali ndi msonkhano wosavuta wa bawuti, kupanga bedi lamakina olondola ndizovuta zamakina ambiri. Gawo lililonse, kuyambira koyambira mpaka kukonzanso komaliza, limafunikira kuwongolera kolumikizana kwamitundu ingapo kuwonetsetsa kuti bedi likugwira ntchito mokhazikika pansi pazantchito zovuta.
Ntchito Yoyambira: Kuwongolera ndi Kuwongolera Koyamba
Ntchito yosonkhanitsa imayamba ndikukhazikitsa ndege yowonetsera mtheradi. Izi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito mbale yapamwamba kwambiri ya granite kapena tracker ya laser monga chizindikiro chapadziko lonse lapansi. Pansi pa bedi la makina poyambilira amakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma wedges othandizira (chock blocks). Zida zoyezera zapadera, monga ma elekitironi, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha zothandizirazi mpaka cholakwika cha kufanana pakati pa njanji ya bedi ndi ndege yolozera itachepa.
Pamabedi akulu kwambiri, njira yosinthira pang'onopang'ono imagwiritsidwa ntchito: malo othandizira amakhazikika poyamba, ndipo mulingo umapitilira kunja mpaka kumapeto. Kuwunika kosalekeza kwa njira yowongoka pogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro choyimba ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kugwedezeka pakati kapena kupindika m'mphepete chifukwa cha kulemera kwake kwa gawolo. Chisamaliro chimaperekedwanso kuzinthu zothandizira wedges; chitsulo choponyedwa nthawi zambiri chimasankhidwa chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yofananira yowonjezera kutentha kwa bedi lamakina, pomwe mapadi ophatikizika amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakunyowa kwawo kwapamwamba pamakina osamva kugwedezeka. Kanema wopyapyala wamafuta apadera odana ndi kulanda pamalo olumikizirana amachepetsa kusokoneza ndikulepheretsa kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono panthawi yokhazikika.
Kuphatikizika Kolondola: Kusonkhanitsa Njira Yotsogolera
Dongosolo la njanji ndi gawo lalikulu lomwe limayang'anira kayendedwe ka mizere, ndipo kulondola kwa gulu lake kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mtundu wa makina a zida. Pambuyo pokonzekera koyambirira ndi mapini opeza, njirayo imatsekedwa, ndipo mphamvu ya pre-tension ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala pogwiritsa ntchito mbale zosindikizira. Njira yolimbikitsira isanachitike iyenera kutsata mfundo ya "yunifolomu ndi yopita patsogolo": ma bolt amamangika pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pakatikati panjira kupita kunja, kugwiritsa ntchito torque pang'ono pozungulira mpaka momwe kapangidwe kake kakwaniritsidwe. Mchitidwe wosamalitsawu umalepheretsa kupsinjika komwe kungayambitse kugwada panjira.
Vuto lalikulu ndikuwongolera kuthamanga kwapakati pakati pa slider blocks ndi kanjira. Izi zimatheka kudzera mu njira yophatikizira ya feeler gauge ndi njira yoyezera chizindikiro. Mwa kuyika ma feeler gauges a makulidwe osiyanasiyana ndikuyesa kusuntha kwa slider ndi chizindikiro choyimba, ma curve osuntha amapangidwa. Deta iyi imawongolera kusintha pang'ono kwa ma eccentric pin kapena ma wedges kumbali ya slider, kuwonetsetsa kugawidwa kofanana. Pamabedi olondola kwambiri, filimu ya nano-lubrication ingagwiritsidwe ntchito panjanjidwe kuti muchepetse kugundana ndikuwongolera kuyenda bwino.
Kulumikizana Kwambiri: Spindle Headstock to Bed
Kulumikizana pakati pa mutu wa spindle, mtima wotulutsa mphamvu, ndi bedi lamakina zimafuna kusamalidwa kosasunthika kwa kufalitsa katundu wokhazikika komanso kudzipatula. Ukhondo wa malo okwerera ndi wofunika kwambiri; Malo olumikizirana nawo amayenera kufufutidwa mosamala ndi choyeretsera chodzipatulira kuti achotse zowononga zonse, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kuyika mafuta osanjikizana a silikoni owunikira kuti alimbikitse kuuma kolumikizana.
Kukhazikika kwa bolt ndikofunikira kwambiri. Njira yofananira, yomwe nthawi zambiri "yofalikira kunja kuchokera pakati," imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Maboti omwe ali m'chigawo chapakati amamangika koyamba, ndikutsatizana kumawonekera kunja. Nthawi yotulutsa kupsyinjika iyenera kukhazikitsidwa pambuyo pa kuzungulira kulikonse. Kwa zomangira zovuta, chojambulira cha ultrasonic bolt preload chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira mphamvu ya axial mu nthawi yeniyeni, kuwonetsetsa kufalikira kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ma bawuti onse ndikuletsa kumasuka komwe kungayambitse kugwedezeka kosafunikira.
Pambuyo polumikizana, kusanthula kwa modal kumachitika. Chosangalatsa chimapangitsa kugwedezeka pafupipafupi pamutu pamutu, ndipo ma accelerometers amasonkhanitsa ma sigino oyankha pamakina onse. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti ma frequency a base of resonant amachotsedwa mokwanira kuchokera pama frequency ogwiritsira ntchito. Ngati chiwopsezo cha resonance chizindikirika, kuchepetsa kumaphatikizapo kuyika ma shimu onyowa pamalopo kapena kukonza bwino bawuti kuti muwongolere njira yotumizira kunjenjemera.
Kutsimikizira Komaliza ndi Kulipira Kulondola kwa Geometric
Akasonkhanitsidwa, bedi la makina liyenera kuyang'aniridwa mozama komaliza. Laser interferometer imayesa kuwongoka, pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi ophatikizana kuti akweze tipatuko tating'onoting'ono pautali wa njanjiyo. Dongosolo lamagetsi lamagetsi limayika pamwamba, ndikukhazikitsa mbiri ya 3D kuchokera kumalo angapo oyeza. Autocollimator imayang'ana perpendicularity posanthula kusintha kwa malo owala omwe amawonekera kuchokera ku prism yolondola.
Kupatuka kulikonse komwe kwazindikirika kuti sikukuloledwa kumafunikira chipukuta misozi. Pazolakwa zowongoka zomwe zili panjira, mphero yothandizira imatha kuwongoleredwa ndi kukwapula pamanja. Wopanga mapulogalamu amayikidwa pamalo okwera, ndipo kukangana kochokera pa slider yosuntha kumawonetsa mawonekedwe olumikizana nawo. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zimafufutidwa mosamala kuti pang'onopang'ono akwaniritse zongopeka za chiphunzitsocho. Kwa mabedi akuluakulu omwe kukwapula sikungatheke, ukadaulo wa hydraulic compensation ungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Masilinda ang'onoang'ono a hydraulic cylinders amaphatikizidwa muzitsulo zothandizira, kulola kusintha kosawonongeka kwa makulidwe a wedge mwa kuwongolera kuthamanga kwamafuta, kukwaniritsa kulondola popanda kuchotsa zinthu zakuthupi.
Kutumizidwa ndi Kutulutsidwa
Magawo omaliza amakhudza ntchito. Panthawi yotsitsidwa, bedi limagwira ntchito mofananiza pomwe kamera yotentha ya infrared imayang'anira kutentha kwa mutu ndikulozera malo otentha omwe ali pafupi kuti athe kukhathamiritsa njira yozizirira. Masensa a torque amayang'anira kusinthasintha kwa magalimoto, kulola kusintha kwamayendedwe a chain chain. Gawo loyimitsa lodzaza pang'onopang'ono limawonjezera mphamvu yodulira, kuyang'ana kugwedezeka kwa bedi ndi mtundu wa kumaliza kwa makinawo kuti zitsimikizire kulimba kwapangidwe kumakwaniritsa kapangidwe kake pansi pa kupsinjika kwenikweni kwa dziko.
Kusonkhana kwa gawo la bedi la makina ndikuphatikiza mwadongosolo njira zambiri, zoyendetsedwa bwino. Kupyolera mukutsatira mosamalitsa ndondomeko za msonkhano, njira zolipirira zosinthika, komanso kutsimikizira bwino, ZHHIMG imatsimikizira kuti bedi la makina limakhala lolondola pamlingo wa micron pansi pa zolemetsa zovuta, zomwe zimapereka maziko osagwedezeka a ntchito zapadziko lonse lapansi. Pamene ukadaulo wodziwikiratu wanzeru komanso umisiri wodzisinthira wodzisinthira ukupita patsogolo, msonkhano wamakina am'tsogolo udzakhala wolosera komanso wokometsedwa bwino, ndikukankhira kupanga makina kukhala machitidwe atsopano olondola.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-14-2025