Njira zisanu ndi zinayi zopangira bwino za zirconia ceramics

Njira zisanu ndi zinayi zopangira bwino za zirconia ceramics
Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi gawo lolumikizana pakukonzekera konse kwa zida za ceramic, ndipo ndiye chinsinsi chowonetsetsa kudalirika kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi kubwereza kubwereza kwa zida za ceramic ndi zigawo zake.
Ndi chitukuko cha anthu, njira yachikhalidwe yopondereza manja, njira yopangira magudumu, njira ya grouting, ndi zina zotero za ceramic zachikhalidwe sizingathenso kukwaniritsa zosowa za anthu amakono kuti apange ndi kukonzanso, kotero kuti kuumba kwatsopano kunabadwa.ZrO2 zabwino ceramic zipangizo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mitundu 9 zotsatirazi akamaumba njira (2 mitundu ya njira youma ndi 7 njira yonyowa):

1. Kuumba kouma

1.1 Dry kukanikiza

Kukanikiza kowuma kumagwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza kukanikiza ufa wa ceramic mu mawonekedwe enaake a thupi.Chofunikira chake ndi chakuti pansi pa mphamvu yakunja, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timayandikirana wina ndi mzake mu nkhungu, ndipo zimagwirizanitsidwa mwamphamvu ndi kukangana kwa mkati kuti zikhalebe mawonekedwe.Cholakwika chachikulu mu matupi obiriwira owuma ndi spallation, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kukangana kwamkati pakati pa ufa ndi kukangana pakati pa ufa ndi khoma la nkhungu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kupanikizika mkati mwa thupi.

Ubwino wa kukanikiza kowuma ndikuti kukula kwa thupi lobiriwira ndikolondola, ntchitoyo ndiyosavuta, ndipo ndikosavuta kuzindikira ntchito yamakina;zomwe zili ndi chinyezi ndi binder mu kukanikiza kobiriwira kobiriwira ndizochepa, ndipo kuyanika ndi kuwombera kumakhala kochepa.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi ochepa.Kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo wopangira chifukwa cha kuvala kwa nkhungu ndiko kuipa kwa kukanikiza kowuma.

1.2 Isostatic kukanikiza

Kukanikiza kwa Isostatic ndi njira yapadera yopangira yomwe idapangidwa potengera kukakamiza kwachikhalidwe.Imagwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi kuti igwiritse ntchito mphamvu mofanana ndi ufa mkati mwa nkhungu zotanuka kuchokera kumbali zonse.Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kupanikizika kwa mkati mwa madzi, ufa umanyamula kupanikizika komweko kumbali zonse, kotero kusiyana kwa kachulukidwe ka thupi lobiriwira kungathe kupewedwa.

Kukanikiza kwa Isostatic kumagawidwa kukhala thumba lonyowa la isostatic ndi thumba lowuma la isostatic.Chikwama chonyowa cha isostatic kukakamiza kumatha kupanga zinthu zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, koma kumangogwira ntchito pafupipafupi.Dry bag isostatic kukanikiza kumatha kuzindikira kugwira ntchito mosalekeza, koma kumatha kupanga zinthu zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta monga masikweya, ozungulira, ndi ma tubular cross-sections.Isostatic kukanikiza angapeze yunifolomu ndi wandiweyani wobiriwira thupi, ndi kuwombera ang'onoang'ono shrinkage ndi yunifolomu shrinkage mbali zonse, koma zida ndi zovuta ndi okwera mtengo, ndi kupanga dzuwa si mkulu, ndipo ndi oyenera kupanga zipangizo ndi wapadera. zofunika.

2. Kunyowa kupanga

2.1 Kufotokozera
The grouting akamaumba ndondomeko ndi ofanana ndi kuponya tepi, kusiyana ndi kuti akamaumba ndondomeko zikuphatikizapo thupi dehydration ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko coagulation mankhwala.Kutaya madzi m'thupi kumachotsa madzi mu slurry kudzera muzochita za capillary za porous gypsum mold.The Ca2 + kwaiye ndi kuvunda pamwamba CaSO4 kumawonjezera ayoni mphamvu slurry, chifukwa flocculation wa slurry.
Pansi pa zochita za kuchepa madzi m'thupi ndi coagulation mankhwala, ndi ceramic ufa particles waikamo pa gypsum nkhungu khoma.Grouting ndi yoyenera kukonzekera zigawo zazikulu za ceramic zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, koma khalidwe la thupi lobiriwira, kuphatikizapo mawonekedwe, kachulukidwe, mphamvu, ndi zina zotero, ndizosauka, kulimbika kwa ogwira ntchito ndipamwamba, ndipo sikoyenera. kwa zochita zokha.

2.2 Kuwombera kotentha
Hot kufa kuponyera ndi kusakaniza ceramic ufa ndi binder (parafini) pa kutentha ndi mkulu (60 ~ 100 ℃) kupeza slurry kwa otentha kufa kuponyera.The slurry jekeseni mu nkhungu zitsulo pansi zochita za wothinikizidwa mpweya, ndi kuthamanga anakhalabe.Kuziziritsa, demoulding kupeza akusowekapo sera, akusowekapo sera ndi dewax pansi pa chitetezo cha inert ufa kupeza thupi wobiriwira, ndi thupi wobiriwira sintered pa kutentha kukhala zadothi.

Thupi lobiriwira lomwe limapangidwa ndi kuponyedwa kwamoto kotentha limakhala ndi miyeso yolondola, mawonekedwe amkati ofananira, kuvala kwa nkhungu pang'ono komanso kupanga bwino kwambiri, ndipo ndi koyenera pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zopangira.Kutentha kwa sera slurry ndi nkhungu ziyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa, mwinamwake zingayambitse pansi pa jekeseni kapena mapindikidwe, kotero sikoyenera kupanga zigawo zazikulu, ndipo njira ziwiri zowombera zimakhala zovuta komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumakhala kwakukulu.

2.3 Kujambula matepi
Kuponyera tepi ndikusakaniza bwino ufa wa ceramic ndi kuchuluka kwa zomangira organic, plasticizers, dispersants, etc.Imatuluka kupita ku lamba wotumizira kudzera mu nozzle yodyetsa, ndipo filimuyo yopanda kanthu imapezeka itatha kuyanika.

Njirayi ndi yoyenera kukonzekera zipangizo zafilimu.Kuti mupeze kusinthasintha kwabwino, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakuthupi kumawonjezeredwa, ndipo magawo azinthu amafunikira kuwongolera mosamalitsa, apo ayi zitha kuyambitsa zolakwika monga peeling, mikwingwirima, mphamvu yochepa ya filimu kapena kupenta movutikira.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi poizoni ndipo zidzawononga chilengedwe, ndipo dongosolo lopanda poizoni kapena lopanda poizoni liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito momwe zingathere kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.

2.4 jekeseni wa gel osakaniza
Ukadaulo woumba jakisoni wa gel ndi njira yatsopano yopangira ma colloidal mwachangu yomwe idapangidwa koyamba ndi ofufuza ku Oak Ridge National Laboratory koyambirira kwa 1990s.Pachimake chake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito organic monomer solutions kuti polymerize mu mkulu-mphamvu, laterally zogwirizana polima zosungunulira gel osakaniza.

A slurry wa ceramic ufa kusungunuka mu njira ya organic monomers amaponyedwa mu nkhungu, ndi monoma osakaniza polymerizes kupanga gelled gawo.Popeza polymer-solvent yolumikizidwa ndi mbali imakhala ndi 10% -20% yokha (gawo lalikulu) polima, ndikosavuta kuchotsa chosungunulira ku gawo la gel ndi kuyanika.Pa nthawi yomweyi, chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwa ma polima, ma polima sangathe kusuntha ndi zosungunulira panthawi yowuma.

Njirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga gawo limodzi ndi zigawo za ceramic, zomwe zimatha kupanga zigawo za ceramic zomangika, zofanana ndi ukonde, ndipo mphamvu zake zobiriwira ndizokwera kwambiri mpaka 20-30Mpa kapena kupitilira apo, zomwe zitha kusinthidwanso.Vuto lalikulu la njirayi ndikuti kuchuluka kwa shrinkage kwa thupi la mwana wosabadwayo ndikokwera kwambiri panthawi ya kachulukidwe, zomwe zimatsogolera kupindika kwa thupi la mwana wosabadwayo;ma organic monomers ena amakhala ndi chopinga cha okosijeni, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pake kunde ndikugwa;chifukwa cha kutentha-kuchititsa organic monomer polymerization ndondomeko, kuchititsa Kutentha kumeta kumabweretsa kukhalapo kwa kupsyinjika kwamkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zosowekazo zisweka ndi zina zotero.

2.5 Direct solidification jekeseni akamaumba
Direct solidification jekeseni akamaumba ndi akamaumba teknoloji yopangidwa ndi ETH Zurich: zosungunulira madzi, ceramic ufa ndi organic zina zimasakanizidwa kuti apange electrostatically khola, otsika mamasukidwe akayendedwe, mkulu-olimba-zili slurry, amene angasinthidwe powonjezera Slurry pH kapena mankhwala. kuti kuonjezera electrolyte ndende, ndiye slurry ndi jekeseni mu nkhungu sanali porous.

Yang'anirani momwe zinthu zikuyendera pakupanga mankhwala.Zomwe zimachitika musanayambe kuumba jekeseni ikuchitika pang'onopang'ono, kukhuthala kwa slurry kumakhala kochepa, ndipo zomwe zimachitika zimathamanga pambuyo poumba jekeseni, slurry imalimba, ndipo slurry yamadzimadzi imasandulika kukhala thupi lolimba.Thupi lobiriwira lomwe linapezedwa lili ndi zida zabwino zamakina ndipo mphamvu imatha kufika 5kPa.Thupi lobiriwira limaphwanyidwa, louma ndi kusungunuka kuti likhale gawo la ceramic la mawonekedwe omwe akufuna.

Ubwino wake ndikuti sichifunikira kapena kumangofunika zowonjezera zowonjezera (zochepera 1%), thupi lobiriwira siliyenera kutsika, kachulukidwe ka thupi lobiriwira ndi yunifolomu, kachulukidwe wachibale ndi wokwera (55% ~ 70%), ndipo imatha kupanga zigawo zazikuluzikulu komanso zowoneka bwino za ceramic.Choyipa chake ndi chakuti zowonjezerazo ndizokwera mtengo, ndipo gasi nthawi zambiri amamasulidwa panthawi yakuchitapo kanthu.

2.6 Jekeseni akamaumba
Jekeseni akamaumba akhala ntchito akamaumba zinthu pulasitiki ndi akamaumba zitsulo.Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito kuchiritsa kwa kutentha kwa thermoplastic organics kapena kutentha kwambiri kwa thermosetting organics.The ufa ndi organic chonyamulira amasakanizidwa mu wapadera kusanganikirana zida, ndiyeno jekeseni mu nkhungu pa kupsyinjika mkulu (makumi kwa mazana a MPa).Chifukwa cha kukakamiza kwakukulu kumaumba, zosoweka zomwe zapezedwa zimakhala ndi miyeso yolondola, yosalala kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe ophatikizika;kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera akamaumba kwambiri bwino kupanga dzuwa.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, njira yopangira jekeseni idagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zigawo za ceramic.Izi zimazindikira kuumba kwa pulasitiki kwa zinthu zopanda kanthu powonjezera zinthu zambiri zakuthupi, zomwe ndi njira yodziwika bwino yopangira pulasitiki.Muukadaulo wopangira jakisoni, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe za thermoplastic (monga polyethylene, polystyrene), zinthu zopangira thermosetting (monga epoxy resin, phenolic resin), kapena ma polima osungunuka m'madzi monga chomangira chachikulu, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera Zochulukira zantchito. zothandizira monga mapulasitiki, mafuta opangira mafuta ndi othandizira kuti apititse patsogolo kusungunuka kwa kuyimitsidwa kwa jekeseni wa ceramic ndikuwonetsetsa kuti thupi lopangidwa ndi jekeseni likuyenda bwino.

The jekeseni akamaumba ndondomeko ali ndi ubwino mkulu digiri ya zochita zokha ndi kukula yeniyeni akamaumba akusowekapo.Komabe, zomwe zili mumtundu wobiriwira wa zida za ceramic zopangidwa ndi jekeseni ndizokwera mpaka 50vol%.Zimatenga nthawi yayitali, ngakhale masiku angapo mpaka masiku angapo, kuti athetse zinthu zakuthupi izi potsatira sintering, ndipo ndizosavuta kuyambitsa zolakwika.

2.7 Kupanga jakisoni wa Colloidal
Pofuna kuthetsa mavuto a kuchuluka kwa zinthu organic anawonjezera ndi kuvutika kuthetsa mavuto chikhalidwe jekeseni akamaumba ndondomeko, University Tsinghua mochenjera akufuna njira yatsopano ya colloidal jekeseni akamaumba zadothi, ndipo paokha anayamba colloidal jekeseni akamaumba prototype. kuzindikira jekeseni wosabala ceramic slurry.kupanga.

Lingaliro loyambira ndikuphatikiza kuumba kwa colloidal ndi jekeseni, pogwiritsa ntchito zida za jakisoni wamba komanso ukadaulo watsopano wochiritsa woperekedwa ndi njira yopangira colloidal in-situ solidification.Njira yatsopanoyi imagwiritsa ntchito zosakwana 4wt.% za zinthu zachilengedwe.A pang'ono monomers organic kapena mankhwala organic mu kuyimitsidwa madzi ofotokoza ntchito mwamsanga kulimbikitsa polymerization wa organic monomers pambuyo jekeseni mu nkhungu kupanga organic maukonde mafupa, amene wogawana akukulunga ceramic ufa.Pakati pawo, osati nthawi yokha ya degumming imafupikitsidwa kwambiri, komanso kuthekera kwa kusweka kwa degumming kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kuumba kwa jekeseni wa ceramics ndi kuumba kwa colloidal.Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti wakale ndi wa gulu la pulasitiki akamaumba, ndipo chomaliza ndi slurry akamaumba, ndiko kuti, slurry alibe pulasitiki ndipo ndi wosabala zinthu.Chifukwa slurry ilibe pulasitiki mu kuumba kwa colloidal, lingaliro lachikhalidwe la jekeseni wa ceramic silingatengedwe.Ngati kuumba kwa colloidal kumaphatikizidwa ndi jekeseni, kuumba kwa jekeseni wa colloidal kwa zida za ceramic kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zida za jekeseni waumwini ndi teknoloji yatsopano yochiritsa yoperekedwa ndi njira yopangira colloidal in-situ.

Njira yatsopano yopangira jakisoni wa colloidal wa ceramic ndi wosiyana ndi wamba wamba wa colloidal ndi jekeseni wamba.Ubwino wa digiri yapamwamba yopangira makina opangira makina ndi njira yabwino yopangira ma colloidal, yomwe idzakhala chiyembekezo chamakampani opanga zida zapamwamba kwambiri.