Pomanga nsanja yoyandama ya static pressure static air, kusankha maziko kumathandizira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito onse a nsanja. Maziko olondola a granite ndi maziko a chitsulo choponyedwa ali ndi mawonekedwe awoawo, ndipo pali kusiyana koonekeratu pamiyeso yayikulu monga kukhazikika, kukonza molondola, kukhazikika komanso mtengo.
Choyamba, bata: zachilengedwe wandiweyani ndi zitsulo kapangidwe
Pambuyo pa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri za kusintha kwa geological, granite imaphatikizidwa kwambiri ndi quartz, feldspar ndi mchere wina kuti apange mawonekedwe owundana komanso ofanana. Pamaso kusokonezedwa kunja, monga kugwedera amphamvu kwaiye ntchito zida lalikulu mu msonkhano fakitale, m'munsi mwa granite akhoza bwino kutsekereza ndi attenuate ndi kudalira dongosolo lake zovuta galasi, amene angathe kuchepetsa kugwedera matalikidwe a mwatsatanetsatane malo amodzi kuthamanga mpweya akuyandama nsanja ndi oposa 80%, kupereka ntchito khola processing mwala wapangodya kapena kudziwika pamwamba pa nsanja - kuonetsetsa ntchito yosalala yosalala kayendedwe pa nsanja kudziwika. Mwachitsanzo, mu njira ya photolithography yopanga zida zamagetsi, mawonekedwe olondola a chip amatsimikizika.
Chitsulo chachitsulo chimapangidwa kuchokera ku iron-carbon alloy, ndipo graphite yamkati imagawidwa m'mapepala kapena mabwalo. Ngakhale ili ndi mphamvu yochepetsera kugwedezeka, mawonekedwe ake amafanana si abwino poyerekeza ndi granite. Pogwira ntchito mwamphamvu kwambiri komanso kugwedezeka kosalekeza, zimakhala zovuta kuti maziko achitsulo achepetse kusokonezeka kwa kugwedezeka mpaka kutsika komweko monga maziko a granite, zomwe zingayambitse kupatuka kwapang'onopang'ono pamayendedwe olondola a static pressure air floating platform, kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a nsanja muzochita zolondola kwambiri.
Chachiwiri, kusungidwa kolondola: ubwino wachilengedwe wa kukula kochepa komanso vuto la kusintha kwazitsulo zachitsulo.
Granite imadziwika chifukwa chochepa kwambiri pakukulitsa kutentha, nthawi zambiri pa 5-7 × 10⁻⁶/℃. M'malo osinthasintha kutentha, kukula kwa maziko a granite kumasintha pang'ono. Pankhani ya zakuthambo, pulatifomu ya hydrostatic air float yowongolera bwino ma lens a telescope imaphatikizidwa ndi maziko a granite, ngakhale kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku kuli kofunikira, kumatha kuwonetsetsa kuti kulondola kwa lens kumasungidwa pamlingo wa submicron, kuthandiza akatswiri a zakuthambo kuti agwire mphamvu zobisika za matupi akutali.
Coefficient of thermal expansion of cast iron iron is high, kawirikawiri 10-20 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Pamene kutentha kumasintha, kukula kwa chitsulo choponyedwa m'munsi kumasintha mwachiwonekere, chomwe chiri chosavuta kuchititsa mapindikidwe otenthetsera olondola a static pressure air floating platform, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kayendedwe kabwino ka nsanja. Pogaya magalasi owoneka bwino osamva kutentha, kusinthika kwachitsulo chachitsulo pansi pa chikoka cha kutentha kungayambitse kupatuka kwa kugaya bwino kwa mandala kupitirira malire ovomerezeka ndikusokoneza mtundu wa mandala.
Chachitatu, kulimba: kuuma kwakukulu kwamwala wachilengedwe ndi kutopa kwachitsulo
Kuuma kwa granite ndikokwera, kuuma kwa Mohs kumatha kufika 6-7, kukana bwino kuvala. Mu zipangizo sayansi labotale, kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito mwatsatanetsatane malo amodzi kuthamanga mpweya zoyandama nsanja, m'munsi mwake mwachisangalalo akhoza bwino kukana kutayika kwa nthawi yaitali kukangana, poyerekeza ndi m'munsi wamba, akhoza kuwonjezera mkombero kukonza nsanja ndi oposa 50%, kuchepetsa ndalama kukonza zipangizo, ndi kuonetsetsa kupitiriza ntchito kafukufuku wa sayansi. Komabe, zinthu za granite ndizosalimba, ndipo pamakhala chiopsezo chophulika zikakhudzidwa mwangozi.
Chitsulo chachitsulo chimakhala ndi kulimba kwina kwake ndipo sikophweka kusweka pamene chikugwira ntchito inayake. Komabe, m`kati mkulu pafupipafupi kubweza kayendedwe ka mwatsatanetsatane malo amodzi kuthamanga mpweya akuyandama nsanja kwa nthawi yaitali, kuponyedwa chitsulo sachedwa kutopa kuwonongeka, chifukwa mu kusintha kwa dongosolo mkati, zimakhudza kuyenda molondola ndi kukhazikika kwa nsanja. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chitsulo chosungunula chimakhala ndi dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri m'madera a chinyezi, kuchepetsa kukhazikika kwake, mosiyana, maziko a granite mu kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi bwino.
Chachinai, mtengo wopangira ndi kuvutikira: migodi ya miyala yachilengedwe ndi zovuta za kukonza ndi njira yopangira zitsulo
Migodi ndi mayendedwe a granite zopangira ndizovuta, ndipo kukonza kumafuna zida zapamwamba kwambiri ndiukadaulo. Chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kwakukulu, brittleness, kudula, kugaya, kupukuta ndi njira zina zimakhala zosavuta kugwa, ming'alu, kuchuluka kwa zinyalala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri zopangira.
Chitsulo chachitsulo chachitsulo chimapangidwa ndi njira yokhwima yopangira, gwero lalikulu la zipangizo komanso mtengo wotsika. Kudzera nkhungu akhoza kukwaniritsa misa, mkulu kupanga dzuwa. Komabe, kuti mukwaniritse mwatsatanetsatane komanso kukhazikika kwapamwamba monga maziko a granite, njira yoponyera ndi zofunika pambuyo pokonza ndizovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimafuna kuwongolera molondola komanso kukalamba, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo mtengowo udzakweranso kwambiri.
Mwachidule, maziko olondola a granite ali ndi maubwino ofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe olondola a static pressure air float platform omwe amafunikira kulondola kwambiri, kukhazikika komanso kukana kuvala; Chitsulo chachitsulo chimakhala ndi ubwino wake pamtengo ndi kulimba, ndipo ndi choyenera nthawi zina zomwe zofunikira zolondola zimakhala zochepa, kufunafuna ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso kugwedezeka ndi kutentha kwa chilengedwe kumakhala kokhazikika.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-09-2025