Kupanga zinthu zadothi molondola: zovuta zaukadaulo ndi kupita patsogolo kwatsopano kwa mafakitale

Zipangizo za ceramic zikuchulukirachulukira kukhala gawo lalikulu la kupanga zinthu zapamwamba padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa cha kuuma kwawo kwambiri, kukana kutentha kwambiri, komanso kukana dzimbiri, zida za ceramic zapamwamba monga alumina, silicon carbide, ndi aluminium nitride zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ndege, ma semiconductor packaging, komanso ntchito zamankhwala. Komabe, chifukwa cha kufooka kwachilengedwe kwa zipangizozi komanso kulimba kochepa kwa kusweka, makina awo olondola nthawi zonse amaonedwa ngati vuto lalikulu. M'zaka zaposachedwa, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano zodulira, njira zophatikizika, ndi ukadaulo wanzeru wowunikira, zovuta zogwiritsa ntchito zida za ceramic zikuthetsedwa pang'onopang'ono.

Kuvuta: Kuuma Kwambiri ndi Kusalimba Zimakhalapo Pamodzi

Mosiyana ndi zitsulo, zinthu zadothi zimakhala zosavuta kusweka ndi kusweka panthawi yopangira zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, silicon carbide ndi yolimba kwambiri, ndipo zida zodulira zachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka msanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti moyo ukhale wa gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi okha kuposa wa makina achitsulo. Zotsatira za kutentha nazonso ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha komwe kumachitika panthawi yopangira zinthu kungayambitse kusintha kwa magawo ndi kupsinjika kotsalira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwonongeka kwa pansi pa nthaka kusokoneze kudalirika kwa chinthu chomaliza. Kwa zinthu za semiconductor, ngakhale kuwonongeka kwa nanometer-scale kumatha kuchepetsa kutentha kwa chip ndi magwiridwe antchito amagetsi.

Kupambana kwaukadaulo: Zida Zodulira Zapamwamba ndi Njira Zopangira Zinthu Zosiyanasiyana

Pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto awa okonza makina, makampaniwa akupitilizabe kuyambitsa zida zatsopano zodulira ndi njira zothetsera mavuto. Zida zodulira za polycrystalline diamond (PCD) ndi cubic boron nitride (CBN) pang'onopang'ono zasintha pang'onopang'ono zida zodulira za carbide, zomwe zathandiza kwambiri kukana kuwonongeka ndi kukhazikika kwa makina. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wodulira wothandizidwa ndi ultrasonic vibration ndi ductile-domain machining kwathandiza kudula zinthu zadothi ngati "pulasitiki", zomwe kale zidachotsedwa pokhapokha chifukwa cha kusweka kwa brittle, potero zimachepetsa ming'alu ndi kuwonongeka kwa m'mphepete.

Ponena za kukonza pamwamba, ukadaulo watsopano monga kupukuta kwa makina a chemical mechanical (CMP), kupukuta kwa magnetorheological (MRF), ndi kupukuta kothandizidwa ndi plasma (PAP) zikuyendetsa zida za ceramic mu nthawi ya nanometer-level precision. Mwachitsanzo, ma substrates a aluminiyamu nitride heat sink, kudzera mu CMP kuphatikiza ndi njira za PAP, afika pamlingo wovuta pansi pa 2nm, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kumakampani opanga ma semiconductor.

Mapeto Ogwiritsira Ntchito: Kuyambira pa Chips mpaka pa Chisamaliro cha Zaumoyo

Kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo kumeneku kukusinthidwa mwachangu kukhala ntchito zamafakitale. Opanga ma semiconductor akugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina zolimba kwambiri komanso njira zolipirira zolakwika za kutentha kuti atsimikizire kukhazikika kwa ma wafer akuluakulu a ceramic. Mu gawo la zamankhwala, malo ozungulira ovuta a zirconia implants amapangidwa mwaluso kwambiri kudzera mu magnetorheological polishing. Kuphatikiza ndi njira za laser ndi zokutira, izi zimawonjezera kuyanjana kwa biochemical ndi kulimba.

Zochitika Zamtsogolo: Kupanga Zinthu Mwanzeru komanso Zobiriwira

Poyang'ana patsogolo, makina opangidwa ndi ceramic molondola adzakhala anzeru kwambiri komanso oteteza chilengedwe. Kumbali imodzi, luntha lochita kupanga ndi mapasa a digito akuphatikizidwa mu njira zopangira, zomwe zimathandiza kukonza njira zogwiritsira ntchito zida nthawi yeniyeni, njira zoziziritsira, ndi magawo ogwiritsira ntchito makina. Kumbali ina, kapangidwe ka ceramic koyenera komanso kubwezeretsanso zinyalala zikukhala malo ofufuzira, zomwe zikupereka njira zatsopano zopangira zinthu zobiriwira.

Mapeto

Zikuonekeratu kuti makina opangira zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito ceramic apitilizabe kusintha kukhala "olondola kwambiri, owononga pang'ono, komanso olamulira mwanzeru." Kwa makampani opanga zinthu padziko lonse lapansi, izi sizikutanthauza kupita patsogolo kokha pakupanga zinthu komanso chizindikiro chofunikira cha mpikisano wamtsogolo m'mafakitale apamwamba. Monga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zapamwamba, kupita patsogolo kwatsopano pamakina opangira zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito ceramic kudzapititsa patsogolo mwachindunji mafakitale monga ndege, ma semiconductors, ndi biomedicine kupita patsogolo kwambiri.