Mu gawo lalikulu la kupanga molondola komanso kafukufuku wa sayansi wapamwamba, nsanja yoyandama yolondola ya mpweya wosasunthika yokhala ndi mphamvu yowongolera kuyenda bwino kwambiri ili ndi malo ofunikira, komanso maziko ake olondola a granite, komanso magwiridwe antchito ake ngati mapiko a nyalugwe, amatenga gawo m'magawo ambiri.
Kupanga ma semiconductor: chitsimikizo chachikulu cha kulondola kwa chip
Kupanga ma chip a semiconductor kumatchedwa "mtengo wa korona" wa ukadaulo wamakono, ndipo zofunikira zolondola za njira iliyonse zafika pamlingo wovuta kwambiri. Mu gawo la photolithography, mawonekedwe a dera pa chip ayenera kusamutsidwira pamwamba pa wafer ndi nanometer yolondola. Pulatifomu yolondola ya mpweya wothamanga wosasunthika wokhala ndi maziko olondola a granite, imatha kupereka chithandizo chokhazikika kwambiri komanso kuwongolera kolondola kwa mayendedwe. Kukhazikika kwabwino kwa maziko a granite kumateteza bwino kugwedezeka kwakunja, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kochepa kokulirapo kumatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa miyeso pamene kutentha kusinthasintha, kotero kuti kulondola kwa malo a wafer kumatha kufika pa nanometers. Malo olondola awa amapereka maziko olimba a zida za lithography kuti zijambule molondola mawonekedwe a dera, kusintha kwambiri kuphatikiza ndi kukolola kwa ma chip, kuthandiza makampani a semiconductor kupitiliza kudutsa malire a njira, kupanga ma chip amphamvu kwambiri, ang'onoang'ono, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafoni anzeru, makompyuta, luntha lochita kupanga ndi madera ena, ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chopitilira cha zida zamagetsi kuti zikhale zopyapyala komanso zapamwamba.
Kupanga zinthu mwanzeru: Kusema mwala wapangodya wa masomphenya omveka bwino
Kupanga magalasi owoneka, magalasi ndi zinthu zina kumafuna kulondola kwambiri pamwamba ndi kulondola kwa mawonekedwe, ndipo zolakwika zilizonse zazing'ono zingakhudze mtundu wa kujambula kwa kuwala. Maziko olondola a granite omwe ali ndi mpweya wosasunthika komanso wosasunthika amasewera gawo lofunika kwambiri pankhaniyi. Panthawi yopukutira magalasi, nsanjayo imatha kuyendetsa chida chopukutira kuti chigwiritse ntchito micron kapena sub-micron molondola, kuonetsetsa kuti pamwamba pa magalasi pakwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga. Kukhazikika kwakukulu kwa maziko a granite kumatsimikizira kulondola kwa malo oyerekeza a lens ndi chida chopukutira panthawi yopangira makina, kupewa zolakwika zopangidwira makina zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kapena kusamuka. Mu njira yopukutira, chithandizo chake chokhazikika chimalola zida zopukutira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yofanana, kupanga magalasi owoneka bwino komanso otsika. Magalasi apamwamba awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzipangizo zapamwamba zojambulira zithunzi, ma microscope azachipatala, ma telescope a zakuthambo ndi zida zina zowunikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu aziona bwino komanso mozama, komanso amapereka zigawo zazikulu zowunikira matenda azachipatala, kuyang'ana kumwamba ndi ntchito zina zofufuza zasayansi, kuthandiza kufufuza chinsinsi cha dziko laling'ono ndi lalikulu.
Kupanga ndege: Kuthandizira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a ndege
Kupanga ndege kumakhudzana ndi chitetezo cha dziko komanso mphamvu za sayansi ndi ukadaulo, ndipo kulondola kwa zigawo ndi kokhwima kwambiri. Maziko olondola a granite a nsanja yolondola ya mpweya wosasunthika ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakupanga tsamba la injini ya aero komanso kupanga zigawo za kapangidwe ka ndege. Mukamapanga masamba a injini ya aero, ndikofunikira kuwongolera bwino njira ya chida kuti zitsimikizire kuti kulondola kwa tsamba kukugwirizana ndi muyezo wa kapangidwe, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a injini ndi mphamvu ya injini. Nsanja yolondola ya mpweya wosasunthika wosasunthika wothandizidwa ndi maziko olondola a granite imatha kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri, kuti chidacho chizitha kudula molondola zinthu za tsamba ndikuwonetsetsa kuti tsambalo ndi labwino. Pakupanga zigawo za kapangidwe ka ndege, kaya ndi kuboola, kugaya kapena kuphatikiza, malo olondola kwambiri komanso kuyenda kokhazikika kwa nsanjayo kumatsimikizira kulondola kwa magawo ndi kulondola kwa kuphatikiza zigawo, kukulitsa mphamvu ya kapangidwe ndikuchepetsa kulemera kwa ndege, kukonza chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito a ndege, ndikupereka chitsimikizo cholimba cha kupanga chitukuko cha makampani opanga ndege. Kulimbikitsa kufufuza kwa anthu mlengalenga ndi chilengedwe.
Kafukufuku wa zamoyo: dzanja lamanja lofufuza zinsinsi za moyo
Mu kafukufuku wa zamankhwala, kugwiritsa ntchito molondola ndi kuwona zitsanzo zazing'onoting'ono ndiye chinsinsi chotsegula chinsinsi cha moyo ndikugonjetsa matenda ovuta. Pulatifomu yoyenda bwino ya mpweya wosasunthika wokhala ndi maziko olondola a granite imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakutsata majini, kusintha maselo ndi zina zotero. Mu zida zotsata majini, nsanjayo imatha kusuntha molondola chithunzi cha chitsanzo, kuti chida chotsata chizitha kuwerenga bwino zambiri za majini, kupititsa patsogolo kulondola ndi kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kutsata majini, ndikupereka chithandizo champhamvu pakupeza matenda a majini ndi chithandizo chapadera cha matenda. Mu kutsata maselo pang'ono, ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito nsanjayo kuwongolera molondola ma microneedles, ma microstraws ndi zida zina kuti alowe ndikutulutsa maselo pawokha, kuthandizira kafukufuku wamakono monga biology ya maselo ndi chithandizo cha majini, kupereka chithandizo chofunikira chaukadaulo pakupanga ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa zamankhwala, ndikubweretsa chiyembekezo chatsopano ku thanzi la anthu.
Ndi kulondola kwake kwabwino, kukhazikika, komanso kulimba, maziko olondola a granite a nsanja yoyandama ya mpweya yolondola akhala othandizira madera ambiri omwe ali ndi zofunikira kwambiri, ndipo akupitilizabe kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale osiyanasiyana kupita ku njira yotsogola kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chitukuko champhamvu cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo komanso chitukuko cha anthu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-10-2025