Kusiyana pakati pa ceramics ndi ceramics yolondola

Kusiyana pakati pa ceramics ndi ceramics yolondola

Zitsulo, zinthu zachilengedwe, ndi zoumba zonse pamodzi zimatchedwa "zinthu zitatu zazikulu". Mawu akuti Ceramics akuti adachokera ku Keramos, liwu lachi Greek lotanthauza dongo loyaka. Poyamba ankatanthauza zoumba, koma posachedwapa, mawu akuti zoumba zinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza zinthu zopanda chitsulo komanso zosapangidwa ndi zinthu kuphatikizapo zinthu zotsutsa, galasi, ndi simenti. Pazifukwa zomwe zili pamwambapa, zoumba tsopano zitha kufotokozedwa ngati "zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopanda chitsulo kapena zosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe ndipo zimatenthedwa kwambiri popanga zinthu".

Pakati pa zoumba zadothi, ntchito yapamwamba komanso kulondola kwambiri ndikofunikira pa zoumba zadothi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo makampani a zamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, tsopano zimatchedwa "zoumba zadothi zolondola" kuti ziyerekezedwe ndi zoumba zadothi wamba zopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe monga dongo ndi silika. Kusiyanitsa. Zoumba zadothi zabwino ndi zoumba zadothi zolondola kwambiri zopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito "ufa wosankhidwa mwanzeru kapena wopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangira" kudzera mu "njira yopangira yolamulidwa mwanzeru" ndi "kupanga mankhwala kosinthidwa bwino".

Zipangizo zopangira ndi njira zopangira zimasiyana kwambiri
Zipangizo zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zoumba ndi mchere wachilengedwe, ndipo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zoumba zolondola ndi zinthu zopangira zoyera kwambiri.

Zinthu zopangidwa ndi ceramic zili ndi makhalidwe monga kuuma kwambiri, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana dzimbiri, kutchinjiriza magetsi, ndi zina zotero. Zinthu zopangidwa ndi ceramic, zinthu zotsutsa, galasi, simenti, zinthu zoteteza molondola, ndi zina zotero ndi zinthu zomwe zimayimira. Kutengera ndi zinthu zomwe zili pamwambapa, zinthu zoteteza bwino zimakhala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri zamagetsi, zamagetsi, zamagetsi, mankhwala, ndi zamoyo, komanso ntchito zamphamvu kwambiri. Pakadali pano, zinthu zoteteza molondola zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana monga ma semiconductors, magalimoto, kulumikizana ndi chidziwitso, makina amafakitale, ndi chisamaliro chamankhwala. Kusiyana pakati pa zinthu zoteteza zachilengedwe monga zinthu zoteteza ndi zinthu zoteteza zabwino kumadalira kwambiri zinthu zopangira ndi njira zawo zopangira. Zinthu zoteteza zachilengedwe zimapangidwa posakaniza mchere wachilengedwe monga miyala yamatope, feldspar, ndi dongo, kenako nkuzipanga ndikuziwotcha. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zinthu zoteteza zachilengedwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe zoyeretsedwa kwambiri, zinthu zopangira zopangidwa zomwe zimapangidwa kudzera mu mankhwala, ndi zinthu zomwe sizilipo m'chilengedwe. Pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoteteza zomwe tatchulazi, chinthu chokhala ndi zinthu zomwe mukufuna chingapezeke. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zopangira zomwe zakonzedwa zimapangidwa kukhala zinthu zopindulitsa kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe olondola kwambiri komanso ntchito zamphamvu kudzera munjira zowongolera bwino monga kupanga, kuwombera, ndi kupukuta.

Gulu la zoumbaumba:

1. Zoumba ndi Zoumba

1.1 Chidebe cha Dothi

Chidebe chosapakidwa magalasi chopangidwa pokanda dongo, kuliumba ndikuliwotcha pa kutentha kochepa (pafupifupi 800°C). Izi zikuphatikizapo ziwiya zadothi za mtundu wa Jomon, ziwiya zadothi za mtundu wa Yayoi, zinthu zofukulidwa kuchokera ku Middle and Near East mu 6000 BC ndi zina zotero. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pano ndi miphika ya maluwa yofiira-bulauni, njerwa zofiira, zitofu, zosefera madzi, ndi zina zotero.

1.2 Zoumba

Imayatsidwa pa kutentha kwakukulu (1000-1250°C) kuposa dothi, ndipo imayamwa madzi ndipo ndi chinthu choyatsidwa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo popaka utoto. Izi zikuphatikizapo SUEKI, RAKUYAKI, Maiolica, Delftware, ndi zina zotero. Masiku ano zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi tiyi, mbale za patebulo, maluwa, matailosi ndi zina zotero.

1.3 Dongole

Chopangidwa ndi miyala yoyera yomwe imakhazikika bwino pambuyo powonjezera silika ndi feldspar ku dongo loyera kwambiri (kapena miyala ya matope), kusakaniza, kuumba, ndi kuwombera. Ma glazes amitundu yosiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Idapangidwa mu nthawi ya feudal (zaka za m'ma 7 ndi 8) ku China monga Sui Dynasty ndi Tang Dynasty ndipo idafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Pali makamaka Jingdezhen, Arita ware, Seto ware ndi zina zotero. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano zikuphatikizapo mbale za patebulo, zotetezera kutentha, zaluso ndi zaluso, matailosi okongoletsera ndi zina zotero.

2. Zokometsera

Imapangidwa ndi kutenthedwa ndi zinthu zomwe sizimawonongeka kutentha kwambiri. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga uvuni wosungunula chitsulo, kupanga chitsulo ndi kusungunula magalasi.

3. Galasi

Ndi chinthu cholimba chopanda mawonekedwe chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kutentha ndi kusungunula zinthu zopangira monga silika, miyala yamchere ndi soda ash.

4. Simenti

Ufa wopezeka posakaniza miyala ya laimu ndi silica, kusakaniza calcium, ndikuwonjezera gypsum. Pambuyo powonjezera madzi, miyala ndi mchenga zimamatirira pamodzi kuti zipange konkire.

5. Chomera Cholimba Cha Mafakitale Cholondola

Ma ceramic abwino ndi ma ceramic olondola kwambiri opangidwa ndi "kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wosankhidwa kapena wopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangira, kapangidwe ka mankhwala kosinthidwa bwino" + "njira yopangira yolamulidwa bwino". Poyerekeza ndi ma ceramic achikhalidwe, ali ndi ntchito zamphamvu kwambiri, kotero amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'njira zosiyanasiyana monga ma semiconductors, magalimoto, ndi makina amafakitale. Ma ceramic abwino ankatchedwa ma ceramic atsopano ndi ma ceramic apamwamba kwa kanthawi.