M'magawo apamwamba monga kupanga ma semiconductor ndi muyeso wa quantum precision, omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malo opangira ma electromagnetic, ngakhale kusokonezeka pang'ono kwa ma electromagnetic mu zida kungayambitse kusinthasintha kolondola, zomwe zimakhudza mtundu wa malonda omaliza komanso zotsatira zoyesera. Monga gawo lofunikira lothandizira zida zolondola, mawonekedwe a maginito a granite precision platforms akhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakutsimikizira kuti zidazo zikugwira ntchito bwino. Kufufuza mozama za magwiridwe antchito a maginito a granite precision platforms kumathandiza kumvetsetsa kufunika kwawo kosasinthika popanga zinthu zapamwamba komanso kafukufuku wasayansi. Granite imapangidwa makamaka ndi mchere monga quartz, feldspar ndi mica. Kapangidwe kamagetsi ka makristalo a mchere awa kamatsimikizira mawonekedwe a maginito a granite. Kuchokera pakuwona kwa microscopic, mkati mwa mchere monga quartz (SiO_2) ndi feldspar (monga potassium feldspar (KAlSi_3O_8)), ma electron nthawi zambiri amakhala awiriawiri mkati mwa ma covalent kapena ionic bonds. Malinga ndi mfundo yochotsera Pauli mu quantum mechanics, mayendedwe ozungulira a ma electron ophatikizana ndi osiyana, ndipo nthawi zawo zamaginito zimasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti yankho lonse la mchere ku mphamvu yakunja yamaginito likhale lofooka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, granite ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino cha diamagnetic chomwe chili ndi mphamvu yochepa kwambiri ya maginito, nthawi zambiri chimakhala pafupifupi mtundu wa \(-10^{-5}\), chomwe chinganyalanyazidwe. Poyerekeza ndi zinthu zachitsulo, ubwino wa granite wa mphamvu ya maginito ndi wofunika kwambiri. Zinthu zambiri zachitsulo monga chitsulo ndi zinthu za ferromagnetic kapena paramagnetic, zokhala ndi ma elekitironi ambiri osaphatikizidwa mkati. Nthawi ya maginito yozungulira ya ma elekitironi awa imatha kuyenda mwachangu ndikulumikizana pansi pa mphamvu ya maginito akunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zachitsulo zikhale ndi mphamvu ya maginito yofanana ndi mtundu wa \(10^2-10^6\). Pakakhala zizindikiro za maginito kuchokera kunja, zinthu zachitsulo zimalumikizana kwambiri ndi mphamvu ya maginito, ndikupanga ma electromagnetic eddy currents ndi kutayika kwa hysteresis, zomwe zimasokoneza magwiridwe antchito abwinobwino a zida zamagetsi mkati mwa zida. Mapulatifomu olondola a granite, omwe ali ndi mphamvu yochepa kwambiri ya maginito, samalumikizana ndi mphamvu yakunja ya maginito, motero amapewa kupanga kusokonezedwa kwa maginito ndikupanga malo ogwirira ntchito okhazikika a zida zolondola. Mu ntchito zenizeni, mphamvu yochepa ya maginito ya nsanja zolondola za granite imachita gawo lofunika kwambiri. Mu makina a makompyuta a quantum, ma qubits opititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi phokoso lamagetsi. Ngakhale kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ya 1nT (nanotesla) kungayambitse kutayika kwa mgwirizano wa ma qubits, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zolakwika pa makompyuta. Gulu lina lofufuza litasintha nsanja yoyesera ndi zinthu za granite, phokoso la mphamvu yamagetsi yakumbuyo yozungulira zidazo linatsika kwambiri kuchokera pa 5nT kufika pansi pa 0.1nT. Nthawi yogwirizana ya ma qubits inakulitsidwa ndi katatu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zolakwika pa ntchito kunachepetsedwa ndi 80%, zomwe zinawonjezera kwambiri kukhazikika ndi kulondola kwa quantum computing. Mu gawo la zida za semiconductor lithography, gwero lamphamvu la kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndi masensa olondola panthawi ya ndondomeko ya lithography ali ndi zofunikira kwambiri pa malo amagetsi. Pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito nsanja yolondola ya granite, zidazo zinakana bwino kusokonezedwa kwamagetsi akunja, ndipo kulondola kwa malo kunawongoleredwa kuchokera pa ± 10nm mpaka ± 3nm, kupereka chitsimikizo cholimba cha kupanga kokhazikika kwa njira zapamwamba za 7nm ndi pansi. Kuphatikiza apo, mu ma microscopes a ma elekitironi olondola kwambiri, zida zojambulira maginito a nyukiliya ndi zida zina zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi malo amagetsi, nsanja zolondola za granite zimawonetsetsanso kuti zidazo zitha kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo otsika a maginito. Kuchepa kwa maginito kwa nsanja zolondola za granite kumapangitsa kuti zikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri cha zida zolondola kuti zisasokonezedwe ndi maginito. Pamene ukadaulo ukupita patsogolo kuzinthu zolondola kwambiri komanso zovuta kwambiri, zofunikira pakugwirizana kwa zida zamagetsi zikukulirakulira. Nsanja zolondola za granite, ndi mwayi wapaderawu, zipitilizabe kuchita gawo lofunikira popanga zinthu zapamwamba komanso kafukufuku wasayansi wamakono, kuthandiza makampaniwa nthawi zonse kudutsa mipata yaukadaulo ndikufika pamlingo watsopano.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-14-2025