Pazida zowongolera manambala za CNC, ngakhale mawonekedwe a granite amapereka maziko okonzekera bwino kwambiri, zopinga zake zimatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zambiri pakuwongolera kulondola, zomwe zimawonetsedwa motere:
1. Zowonongeka zapamtunda pakukonza zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zinthu
Chikhalidwe cha brittle cha granite (mphamvu yopondereza kwambiri koma mphamvu yochepetsetsa, nthawi zambiri mphamvu yosinthasintha imakhala 1/10 mpaka 1/20 ya mphamvu yopondereza) imapangitsa kuti ikhale yovuta ku mavuto monga kusweka kwa m'mphepete ndi ma microcracks pamtunda panthawi yokonza.
Zowonongeka zazing'ono zimakhudza kusamutsidwa kolondola: Pochita mphero kapena mphero yolondola kwambiri, ming'alu yaying'ono pazida zolumikizirana imatha kupanga malo osakhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa zolakwika zowongoka za zigawo zazikulu monga njanji zowongolera ndi matebulo ogwirira ntchito kuti ziwonjezeke (mwachitsanzo, kuphwanyidwa kumawonongeka kuchokera ku ± 1μm / m mpaka ± 3 ~ 5μm / m). Zowonongeka zazing'onozi zidzatumizidwa mwachindunji ku magawo okonzedwa, makamaka pokonza zochitika monga zowonongeka zowonongeka ndi zonyamulira za semiconductor wafer, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonjezereka kwapamwamba kwa workpiece (Ra mtengo ukuwonjezeka kuchokera ku 0.1μm kupita ku 0.5μm), zomwe zimakhudza mawonekedwe a kuwala kapena mawonekedwe a chipangizo.
Chiwopsezo cha kuthyoka kwadzidzidzi pakukonza kwamphamvu: Muzochitika zodula kwambiri (monga liwiro la spindle> 15,000 r/min) kapena kuchuluka kwa chakudya> 20m/min, zigawo za granite zimatha kugawika m'dera lanu chifukwa cha mphamvu zomwe zimachitika nthawi yomweyo. Mwachitsanzo, pamene njanji yolondolera ikusintha njira mwachangu, kusweka kwa m'mphepete kumatha kupangitsa kuti njira yoyendayo ipatukane ndi njira yongoyerekeza, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsika kwadzidzidzi kwa malo olondola (cholakwika choyikiracho chimakula kuchokera ku ± 2μm mpaka kupitilira ± 10μm), komanso kupangitsa kugunda kwa zida ndi kukanda.
Chachiwiri, kutayika kolondola kwamphamvu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutsutsana pakati pa kulemera ndi kulimba
Katundu wolemera kwambiri wa granite (yokhala ndi kachulukidwe pafupifupi 2.6 mpaka 3.0g/cm³) imatha kupondereza kugwedezeka, koma imabweretsanso mavuto otsatirawa:
Mphamvu yopanda mphamvu imayambitsa kuchedwa kwa servo: Mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi mabedi olemera a granite (monga mabedi akuluakulu a makina a gantry omwe amatha kulemera matani matani) panthawi yothamanga komanso kutsika kumapangitsa injini ya servo kutulutsa torque yayikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale cholakwika chotsatira. Mwachitsanzo, m'makina othamanga kwambiri oyendetsedwa ndi ma liniya motors, pakuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa 10% kulemera, kulondola kwa malo kumatha kutsika ndi 5% mpaka 8%. Makamaka muzochitika za nanoscale processing, kuchedwa kumeneku kungayambitse zolakwika za contour (monga zolakwika zozungulira zomwe zikuwonjezeka kuchokera ku 50nm kufika ku 200nm panthawi yozungulira).
Kusakhazikika kokwanira kumayambitsa kugwedezeka kwapang'onopang'ono: Ngakhale granite ili ndi kunyowa kwachilengedwe, modulus yake yotanuka (pafupifupi 60 mpaka 120GPa) ndiyotsika kuposa yachitsulo chonyezimira. Mukakumana ndi zolemetsa zosinthika (monga kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu yakudula panthawi yolumikizana ndi ma axis angapo), kudzikundikira kwa microdeformation kumatha kuchitika. Mwachitsanzo, pamutu wopindika wa malo opangira makina a ma axis asanu, kupindika pang'ono kwa maziko a granite kungayambitse kulondola kwa ma axis ozungulira (monga cholakwika cholozera chomwe chikukulirakulira kuchokera ± 5 "mpaka ± 15"), zomwe zimakhudza kulondola kwa makina a malo opindika ovuta.
Iii. Zochepa za Kukhazikika kwa Thermal ndi Sensitivity Environmental
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa matenthedwe a granite (pafupifupi 5 mpaka 9 × 10⁻⁶/℃) ndikotsika kuposa chitsulo chosungunuka, kungayambitsebe zolakwika pakukonza molondola:
Kutentha kwa ma gradients kumayambitsa kusinthika kwamapangidwe: Zida zikagwira ntchito mosalekeza kwa nthawi yayitali, magwero otentha monga shaft motor ndi kalozera wa njanji yopangira mafuta amatha kuyambitsa kutentha kwa zigawo za granite. Mwachitsanzo, pamene kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa malo apamwamba ndi otsika a worktable ndi 2 ℃, kungayambitse m'ma convex kapena m'katikati mwa concave deformation (kupatuka kungafikire 10 mpaka 20μm), zomwe zimachititsa kulephera kwa flatness wa workpiece clamping ndi kukhudza kufanana kulondola kwa mphero kapena kugaya μmo kuposa makulidwe a ± 5 ± 20μm).
Chinyezi cha chilengedwe chimayambitsa kufalikira pang'ono: Ngakhale kuti madzi amayamwa granite (0.1% mpaka 0.5%) ndi otsika, akagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali m'malo omwe ali ndi chinyezi chambiri, kuchepa kwa madzi kungayambitse kukula kwa lattice, zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa chilolezo cha njanji yowongolera. Mwachitsanzo, chinyezi chikakwera kuchoka pa 40% RH kufika pa 70% RH, mizere yozungulira ya njanji ya granite ikhoza kuwonjezeka ndi 0.005 mpaka 0.01mm/m, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kayendedwe ka njanji yotsetsereka komanso kuchitika kwa "kukwawa" komwe kumakhudza kachipangizo kakang'ono.
Iv. Zotsatira Zowonjezereka za Kukonza ndi Zolakwa za Misonkhano
Kuvuta kwa granite ndikokwera (kumafuna zida zapadera za diamondi, ndipo kukonza bwino ndi 1/3 mpaka 1/2 yazinthu zachitsulo), zomwe zingayambitse kutayika kwa kulondola pakukonza:
Kukonza kufala kolakwika kwa malo okwerera: Ngati pali zopotoka pakukonza (monga flatness> 5μm, cholakwika cha malo a dzenje> 10μm) m'magawo ofunikira monga njanji yowongolera njanji ndi mabowo othandizira thirakiti, zingayambitse kusokonekera kwa njanji yolondolera pambuyo poyika, kudzaza molingana kwa wononga mpira, ndipo pamapeto pake kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa zoyenda. Mwachitsanzo, panthawi yolumikizana ndi ma axis atatu, cholakwika cha verticality chomwe chimabwera chifukwa cha kupotoza kwa njanji yowongolera zitha kukulitsa cholakwika cha kutalika kwa kyubu kuchokera ku ± 10μm mpaka ± 50μm.
Kusiyana kwa mawonekedwe a spliced structure: Zigawo za granite za zida zazikulu nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zophatikizira (monga magawo ambiri a bedi). Ngati pali zolakwika zazing'ono zazing'ono (> 10 ") kapena pamwamba pa roughness> Ra0.8μm pa splicing pamwamba, kupsinjika maganizo kapena mipata ikhoza kuchitika pambuyo pa kusonkhanitsa.
Chidule ndi kupirira zolimbikitsa
Zoyipa za granite zimakhala ndi zobisika, zochulukira komanso zokhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe pakulondola kwa zida za CNC, ndipo zimayenera kuthetsedwa mwadongosolo kudzera m'njira monga kusintha kwa zinthu (monga kulowetsedwa kwa utomoni kuti muwonjezere kulimba), kukhathamiritsa kwamapangidwe (monga mafelemu achitsulo-granite composite), makina oziziritsa amadzi (monga makina oziziritsa amadzi), monga ukadaulo wowongolera matenthedwe (monga makina oziziritsa amadzi), monga makina otenthetsera amadzi (monga makina oziziritsa). kuwerengetsa nthawi yeniyeni ndi laser interferometer). Pankhani ya nanoscale mwatsatanetsatane processing, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwongolera unyolo wathunthu kuchokera pakusankha kwazinthu, ukadaulo wopangira makina mpaka makina onse amakina kuti akwaniritse bwino ntchito za granite ndikupewa zolakwika zake.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-24-2025