NDE ndi chiyani?

NDE ndi chiyani?

Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana ndi NDT.Komabe, mwaukadaulo, NDE imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza miyeso yomwe imakhala yochulukirapo m'chilengedwe.Mwachitsanzo, njira ya NDE sichikangopeza cholakwika, koma ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuyeza china chake chokhudza chilemacho monga kukula kwake, mawonekedwe ake, ndi momwe akulowera.NDE ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa zakuthupi, monga kulimba kwa fracture, formability, ndi zina zakuthupi.

Zina za NDT/NDE Technologies:

Anthu ambiri amadziwa kale matekinoloje ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku NDT ndi NDE kuchokera ku ntchito zawo m'makampani azachipatala.Anthu ambiri apimidwanso makina a X-ray ndipo amayi ambiri akhala akugwiritsa ntchito makina ojambulira opangidwa ndi madokotala kuti akamupimitse mwana wawo ali m’mimba.X-ray ndi ultrasound ndi ochepa chabe mwa matekinoloje omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa NDT/NDE.Chiwerengero cha njira zowunikira chikuwoneka kuti chikukula tsiku ndi tsiku, koma chidule chachangu cha njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zimaperekedwa pansipa.

Mayeso a Visual and Optical (VT)

Njira yofunikira kwambiri ya NDT ndikuwunika kowonera.Oyesa zowona amatsata njira zomwe zimayambira pakungoyang'ana mbali kuti awone ngati zolakwika zapamtunda zikuwonekera, kugwiritsa ntchito makamera oyendetsedwa ndi makompyuta kuti azindikire ndi kuyeza mawonekedwe a chinthucho.

Radiography (RT)

RT imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito gamma- kapena X-radiation yolowera kuti muwone zolakwika zazinthu ndi zinthu zomwe zili mkati.Makina a X-ray kapena isotopu ya radioactive amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la ma radiation.Ma radiation amawongoleredwa kudzera pagawo ndikuyika filimu kapena ma TV ena.Chotsatira cha shadowgraph chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe amkati ndi kumveka kwa gawolo.Kukula kwazinthu ndi kusintha kwa kachulukidwe kumawonetsedwa ngati malo opepuka kapena akuda pafilimuyo.Madera amdima mu radiograph pansipa akuyimira zosokoneza mkati mwa gawolo.

Kuyeza kwa Magnetic Particle (MT)

Njira ya NDT iyi imatheka potengera mphamvu ya maginito muzinthu za ferromagnetic kenako ndikupukuta pamwamba ndi tinthu tachitsulo (mwina chowuma kapena kuyimitsidwa mumadzi).Zolakwika zapamtunda ndi zapafupi zimapanga mitengo ya maginito kapena kusokoneza mphamvu ya maginito kotero kuti tinthu tachitsulo timakopeka ndi kukhazikika.Izi zimapanga chisonyezero chowonekera cha chilema pamwamba pa zinthu.Zithunzi zomwe zili m'munsizi zikuwonetsa gawo lisanayambe komanso litatha kuyang'anitsitsa pogwiritsa ntchito maginito owuma.

Kuyeza kwa Ultrasonic (UT)

Pakuyezetsa kwa akupanga, mafunde amphamvu kwambiri amatumizidwa kuzinthu kuti azindikire zolakwika kapena kuti apeze kusintha kwazinthu.Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa akupanga ndi pulse echo, pomwe phokoso limalowetsedwa mu chinthu choyesera ndikuwunikira (momveka) kuchokera ku zolakwika zamkati kapena mawonekedwe a geometrical gawo amabwezeretsedwa kwa wolandila.Pansipa pali chitsanzo cha shear wave weld inspection.Zindikirani chisonyezerocho chikufikira malire apamwamba a chinsalu.Chizindikiro ichi chimapangidwa ndi mawu omwe amawonekera kuchokera ku chilema mkati mwa weld.

Penetrant Testing (PT)

Chinthu choyeseracho chimakutidwa ndi yankho lomwe lili ndi utoto wowoneka kapena fulorosenti.Njira yowonjezera imachotsedwa pamwamba pa chinthucho koma ndikuchisiya kuti chiwonongeke.Kenako wogwiritsa ntchito amayikidwa kuti atulutse wolowerayo kuchokera pamavutowo.Ndi utoto wa fulorosenti, kuwala kwa ultraviolet kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga fluoresce yotulutsa magazi bwino, motero kumapangitsa kuti zolakwika ziwoneke mosavuta.Ndi utoto wowoneka, kusiyanitsa kowoneka bwino pakati pa wolowera ndi wopanga kumapangitsa "kutuluka magazi" kosavuta kuwona.Zizindikiro zofiira zomwe zili pansipa zikuyimira zolakwika zingapo mu gawoli.

Mayeso a Electromagnetic (ET)

Mafunde amagetsi (mafunde a eddy) amapangidwa muzinthu zoyendetsera ndi kusintha kwa maginito.Mphamvu za mafunde a eddy awa zitha kuyezedwa.Kuwonongeka kwazinthu kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa mafunde a eddy omwe amadziwitsa woyang'anira za kukhalapo kwa vuto.Mafunde a Eddy amakhudzidwanso ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ndi maginito permeability azinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kusanja zinthu zina kutengera zinthuzi.Katswiri m'munsimu akuwunika mapiko a ndege ngati ali ndi vuto.

Kuyezetsa kwa Leak (LT)

Njira zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire ndikupeza kutayikira m'zigawo zotsekera, zotengera zokakamiza, ndi zida.Kuchucha kumatha kuzindikirika pogwiritsa ntchito zida zomvera pakompyuta, kuyeza koyezera mphamvu, njira zolowera madzi ndi mpweya, ndi/kapena kuyesa kuthyola kwa sopo kosavuta.

Kuyesa kwa Acoustic Emission (AE)

Pamene chinthu cholimba chitsindikiridwa, kupanda ungwiro mkati mwazinthu kumatulutsa mphamvu yafupipafupi yotchedwa "emissions".Monga pakuyezetsa kwa akupanga, kutulutsa kwamayimbidwe kumatha kuzindikirika ndi olandila apadera.Magwero otulutsa mphamvu amatha kuwunikidwa kudzera mu kafukufuku wa mphamvu yawo ndi nthawi yofika kuti atolere zambiri za magwero a mphamvu, monga malo awo.