Kodi NDE ndi chiyani?
Kuyesa kosawononga (NDE) ndi mawu omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi NDT. Komabe, mwaukadaulo, NDE imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza miyeso yomwe ili ndi kuchuluka kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, njira ya NDE siingopeza cholakwika chokha, komanso ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito poyesa china chake chokhudza cholakwikacho monga kukula kwake, mawonekedwe ake, ndi komwe chikuyang'ana. NDE ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa mawonekedwe azinthu, monga kulimba kwa kusweka, mawonekedwe ake, ndi mawonekedwe ena akuthupi.
Maukadaulo ena a NDT/NDE:
Anthu ambiri amadziwa kale ukadaulo wina womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu NDT ndi NDE chifukwa cha momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'makampani azachipatala. Anthu ambiri adatengedwanso X-ray ndipo amayi ambiri adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madokotala pofufuza ana awo ali m'mimba. X-ray ndi ultrasound ndi zina mwa ukadaulo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa NDT/NDE. Chiwerengero cha njira zowunikira chikuwoneka kuti chikukulirakulira tsiku ndi tsiku, koma chidule cha njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chaperekedwa pansipa.
Kuyesa Kowoneka ndi Kuwona (VT)
Njira yodziwika bwino ya NDT ndi kuyang'ana ndi maso. Oyang'ana ndi maso amatsatira njira zosiyanasiyana kuyambira kungoyang'ana mbali kuti awone ngati zolakwika pamwamba zikuwonekera, mpaka kugwiritsa ntchito makina oyendetsedwa ndi makompyuta kuti azindikire ndi kuyeza mawonekedwe a chinthucho.
X-ray (RT)
RT imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito gamma- kapena X-ray yolowera kuti ione zolakwika za zinthu ndi zinthuzo komanso mawonekedwe amkati. Makina a X-ray kapena isotope ya radioactive imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la ma radiation. Ma radiation amatsogozedwa kudzera mu gawo ndikupita ku filimu kapena zinthu zina. Chithunzi chomwe chimachokera chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe amkati ndi kulimba kwa gawolo. Kusintha kwa makulidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu kumawonetsedwa ngati malo opepuka kapena amdima pa filimuyo. Malo amdima mu x-ray pansipa akuyimira malo opanda kanthu mkati mwa gawolo.
Kuyesa kwa Tinthu ta Magnetic (MT)
Njira iyi ya NDT imachitika mwa kuyambitsa mphamvu ya maginito mu chinthu cha ferromagnetic kenako nkupaka fumbi pamwamba ndi tinthu tachitsulo (kaya touma kapena tomwe timapachikidwa mumadzimadzi). Zofooka pamwamba ndi pafupi ndi pamwamba zimapangitsa kuti maginito azizungulira kapena kusokoneza mphamvu ya maginito mwanjira yoti tinthu tachitsulo timakokedwa ndikukhazikika. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chilema chooneka pamwamba pa chinthucho. Zithunzi zomwe zili pansipa zikuwonetsa gawo lisanayambe komanso litayang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito tinthu ta maginito touma.
Kuyesa kwa Ultrasonic (UT)
Mu kuyesa kwa ultrasound, mafunde amphamvu kwambiri amatumizidwa ku chinthu kuti azindikire zolakwika kapena kupeza kusintha kwa zinthu. Njira yoyesera ya ultrasound yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi pulse echo, pomwe phokoso limalowetsedwa mu chinthu choyesera ndipo ma reflection (ma echo) ochokera ku zolakwika zamkati kapena malo a geometrical a gawolo amabwezedwa ku wolandila. Pansipa pali chitsanzo cha kuyang'anira shear wave weld. Onani chizindikirocho chikufikira kumalire apamwamba a sikirini. Chizindikirochi chimapangidwa ndi phokoso lomwe limawonetsedwa kuchokera ku cholakwika mkati mwa weld.
Kuyesa Kolowera (PT)
Chinthu choyeseracho chimakutidwa ndi yankho lomwe lili ndi utoto wooneka kapena wa fluorescent. Kenako yankho lochulukirapo limachotsedwa pamwamba pa chinthucho koma limasiya zinthu zosweka pamwamba. Kenako wopanga amaikidwa kuti atulutse cholowacho m'zowonongekazo. Ndi utoto wa fluorescent, kuwala kwa ultraviolet kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti kupangitsa kuti kutuluka kwa magazi kuwonekere bwino, motero kulola kuti zolakwika ziwonekere mosavuta. Ndi utoto wooneka, kusiyana kwa mitundu yowala pakati pa cholowacho ndi wopanga kumapangitsa kuti "kutuluka kwa magazi" kuwonekere mosavuta. Zizindikiro zofiira zomwe zili pansipa zikuyimira zolakwika zingapo mu gawoli.
EKuyesa kwa Lektromaginito (ET)
Mafunde amagetsi (mafunde a eddy) amapangidwa mu chipangizo chowongolera mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya maginito yosintha. Mphamvu ya mafunde a eddy awa imatha kuyezedwa. Zolakwika za zinthu zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe ka mafunde a eddy zomwe zimadziwitsa woyang'anira kuti pali vuto. Mafunde a eddy amakhudzidwanso ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kulola kwa maginito kwa chinthucho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kusanja zinthu zina kutengera mawonekedwe awa. Katswiri yemwe ali pansipa akuyang'ana phiko la ndege kuti aone ngati pali zolakwika.
Kuyesa Kutaya Madzi (LT)
Njira zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira ndikupeza kutuluka kwa madzi m'zigawo zosungira kupanikizika, mitsempha yamagazi, ndi kapangidwe kake. Kutuluka kwa madzi kumatha kuzindikirika pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi zomvera, miyeso ya kupanikizika, njira zolowera madzi ndi mpweya, ndi/kapena kuyesa kosavuta kwa sopo.
Kuyesa Kutulutsa Ma Acoustic Emission (AE)
Pamene chinthu cholimba chikukakamizika, zolakwika mkati mwa chinthucho zimatulutsa mphamvu yaifupi ya acoustic yotchedwa "emissions." Monga momwe zimakhalira poyesa ma ultrasound, kutulutsa kwa acoustic kumatha kuzindikirika ndi olandira apadera. Magwero a kutulutsa amatha kuyesedwa kudzera mu kafukufuku wa mphamvu zawo ndi nthawi yofika kuti asonkhanitse zambiri zokhudza magwero a mphamvu, monga komwe ali.
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Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-27-2021