News - Kodi ma granite amapangidwa bwanji?

Kodi ma granite amapangidwa bwanji?

Granitendiye mwala wodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, womwe umadziwika kuti ndi mwala wonyezimira wa pinki, woyera, wotuwa, ndi wakuda.Ndi yokhuthala mpaka yapakati.Michere yake yayikulu itatu ndi feldspar, quartz, ndi mica, zomwe zimachitika ngati silvery muscovite kapena mdima wa biotite kapena zonse ziwiri.Mwa mcherewu, feldspar imakonda kwambiri, ndipo quartz nthawi zambiri imakhala yoposa 10 peresenti.Ma alkali feldspars nthawi zambiri amakhala apinki, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti miyala yamtengo wapatali ya pinki imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mwala wokongoletsera.Granite amawala kuchokera ku magmas olemera silika omwe ali pamtunda wamtunda wapadziko lapansi.Madipoziti ambiri amchere amapangidwa pafupi ndi matupi onyezimira a granite kuchokera ku mayankho a hydrothermal omwe matupi oterowo amatulutsa.

Gulu

Kumtunda kwa gulu la QAPF la miyala ya plutonic (Streckeisen, 1976), munda wa granite umatanthauzidwa ndi mapangidwe a quartz (Q 20 - 60%) ndi chiwerengero cha P / (P + A) pakati pa 10 ndi 65. Munda wa granite uli ndi magawo awiri ang'onoang'ono: syenogranite ndi monzogranite.Miyala yokhayo yomwe imatuluka mkati mwa syenogranite ndiyomwe imatengedwa ngati granite m'mabuku a Anglo-Saxon.M'mabuku aku Europe, miyala yomwe imatuluka mkati mwa syenogranite ndi monzogranite imatchedwa granite.Munda wa monzogranite unali ndi adamelite ndi quartz monzonite m'magulu akale.The Subcommission for Rock Cassification imalimbikitsa posachedwapa kukana mawu akuti adamelite ndi kutchula kuti quartz monzonite kokha miyala yomwe ikuwonekera mkati mwa quartz monzonite field sensu stricto.

Chemical Composition

Avereji yapadziko lonse ya mankhwala a granite, ndi kulemera kwake peresenti,

kutengera kusanthula kwa 2485:

SiO2 72.04% (silika)
Al2O3 14.42% (aluminium)
K2O 4.12%
Na2O 3.69%
CaO 1.82%
FeO 1.68%
Fe2O3 1.22%
MgO 0.71%
TiO2 0.30%
P2O5 0.12%
MnO 0.05%

Nthawi zonse imakhala ndi mchere wa quartz ndi feldspar, wokhala ndi kapena wopanda mchere wina wambiri (mchere wowonjezera).Quartz ndi feldspar nthawi zambiri zimapatsa granite mtundu wopepuka, kuyambira pinki mpaka woyera.Mtundu wowala wakumbuyo umayikidwa ndi mchere wakuda.Chifukwa chake granite yapamwamba imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a "mchere ndi tsabola".Mchere wodziwika kwambiri ndi black mica biotite ndi black amphibole hornblende.Pafupifupi miyala yonseyi ndi igneous (inalimba kuchokera ku magma) ndi plutonic (idatero mu thupi lalikulu, lokwiriridwa kwambiri kapena pluton).Kusanja mwachisawawa kwa njere mu granite - kusowa kwake kwa nsalu - ndi umboni wa chiyambi chake cha plutonic.Mwala wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi granite ukhoza kupangidwa kudzera mu metamorphism yayitali komanso yolimba ya miyala ya sedimentary.Koma mwala woterewu umakhala ndi nsalu yolimba ndipo nthawi zambiri umatchedwa granite gneiss.

Density + Melting Point

Kuchulukana kwake kumakhala pakati pa 2.65 ndi 2.75 g/cm3, mphamvu yake yopondereza imakhala pamwamba pa 200 MPa, ndipo kukhuthala kwake pafupi ndi STP ndi 3–6 • 1019 Pa·s.Kutentha kosungunuka ndi 1215-1260 ° C.Imakhala ndi permeability yoyambira koma yamphamvu yachiwiri.

Kuchitika kwa Mwala wa Granite

Amapezeka mu plutons zazikulu m'makontinenti, m'madera omwe kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi kunakokoloka kwambiri.Izi ndizomveka, chifukwa granite iyenera kulimba pang'onopang'ono pamalo okwiriridwa kwambiri kuti apange mchere waukulu wotere.Plutons ang'onoang'ono kuposa ma kilomita 100 m'derali amatchedwa masheya, ndipo akuluakulu amatchedwa batholiths.Lavas amaphulika padziko lonse lapansi, koma chiphalaphala chofanana ndi granite (rhyolite) chimangophulika pamakontinenti.Izi zikutanthauza kuti granite iyenera kupangidwa mwa kusungunuka kwa miyala ya kontinenti.Izi zimachitika pazifukwa ziwiri: kuwonjezera kutentha ndi kuwonjezera volatiles (madzi kapena carbon dioxide kapena zonse ziwiri).Makontinenti ndi otentha kwambiri chifukwa ali ndi uranium ndi potaziyamu wambiri padziko lapansi, zomwe zimatenthetsa malo awo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa radioactive.Kulikonse komwe kutumphuka kwakhuthala kumakhala kotentha mkati (mwachitsanzo ku Tibetan Plateau).Ndipo njira za ma plate tectonics, makamaka kutsitsa, zimatha kupangitsa kuti ma basaltic magmas akwere pansi pa makontinenti.Kuphatikiza pa kutentha, magmas awa amatulutsa CO2 ndi madzi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti miyala yamitundu yonse isungunuke potentha kwambiri.Zimaganiziridwa kuti magma ochuluka a basaltic amatha kuikidwa pansi pa kontinenti m'njira yotchedwa underplating.Ndi kutulutsa pang'onopang'ono kwa kutentha ndi madzi kuchokera ku basalt, kuchuluka kwa kutumphuka kwa kontinenti kumatha kusanduka granite nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi chimapezeka kuti?

Pakadali pano, zimadziwika kuti zimapezeka pa Dziko Lapansi pokhapokha ngati zochulukirapo m'makontinenti onse monga gawo la kutumphuka kwa kontinenti.Mwala uwu umapezeka m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, okhala ngati masheya osakwana 100 km², kapena mu batholiths omwe ali mbali ya mapiri a orogenic.Pamodzi ndi kontinenti ina ndi miyala ya sedimentary, nthawi zambiri imapanga malo otsetsereka apansi panthaka.Amapezekanso mu lacolites, ngalande ndi pakhomo.Monga momwe zimapangidwira granite, mitundu ina ya miyala ndi alpids ndi pegmatites.Zomatira zokhala ndi tinthu tating'ono kwambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira pamalire a granitic kuukira.Ma pegmatites ochulukirapo kuposa granite amagawana ma depositi a granite.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Granite

Anthu a ku Aigupto akale ankamanga mapiramidiwo kuchokera ku miyala ya granite ndi miyala ya laimu.
Zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Egypt wakale ndi zipilala, zitseko za zitseko, zomangira, zomangira ndi khoma ndi zokutira pansi.
Rajaraja Chola Mzera wa Chola ku South India, m'zaka za zana la 11 AD mumzinda wa Tanjore ku India, unapanga kachisi woyamba padziko lonse kukhala granite.Kachisi wa Brihadeeswarar, woperekedwa kwa Lord Shiva, adamangidwa mu 1010.
Mu Ufumu wa Roma, miyala ya granite inakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pa zomangamanga komanso chinenero chapamwamba kwambiri cha zomangamanga.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mwala waukulu.Zimachokera ku abrasions, wakhala mwala wothandiza chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake omwe amavomereza zolimba ndi zonyezimira komanso kupukuta kuti azinyamula zolemera zoonekeratu.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo amkati popangira ma slabs opukutidwa a granite, matailosi, mabenchi, pansi pa matailosi, masitepe ndi zina zambiri zothandiza komanso zokongoletsera.

Zamakono

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati miyala yamanda ndi zipilala.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira pansi.
Mainjiniya nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mbale zopukutidwa za granite kuti apange ndege yolozera chifukwa ndi yosatha kulowa mkati komanso yosasinthika.

Kupanga kwa Granite

Imakumbidwa padziko lonse lapansi koma mitundu yambiri yachilendo imachokera ku ma depositi a granite ku Brazil, India, China, Finland, South Africa ndi North America.Kukumba miyala iyi ndi njira yayikulu komanso yogwira ntchito.Zidutswa za granite zimachotsedwa ku madipoziti podula kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.Odula mwapadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito podula zidutswa za granite m'mbale zonyamulika, zomwe zimalongedza ndikunyamulidwa ndi njanji kapena ntchito zotumizira.China, Brazil ndi India ndi omwe amapanga ma granite padziko lonse lapansi.

Mapeto

Mwala womwe umadziwika kuti "granite wakuda" nthawi zambiri ndi gabbro womwe umakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana kwambiri ndi mankhwala.
Ndilo mwala wochuluka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.M'madera akuluakulu otchedwa batholiths komanso m'madera apakati a makontinenti omwe amadziwika kuti zishango amapezeka pakatikati pa mapiri ambiri.
Magetsi a mchere amasonyeza kuti amazizira pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku miyala yosungunuka yomwe imapangidwa pansi pa dziko lapansi ndipo imatenga nthawi yaitali.
Ngati granite ikuwonekera padziko lapansi, imayamba chifukwa cha kukwera kwa miyala ya granite komanso kukokoloka kwa miyala ya sedimentary pamwamba pake.
Pansi pa miyala ya sedimentary, granites, granite metamorphosed kapena miyala yofananira nthawi zambiri imakhala pansi pa chivundikirochi.Pambuyo pake amatchedwa miyala yapansi.
Matanthauzo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa granite nthawi zambiri amatsogolera kulankhulana za thanthwe ndipo nthawi zina amachititsa chisokonezo.Nthawi zina pamakhala matanthauzo ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.Pali njira zitatu zofotokozera granite.
Njira yosavuta pamiyala, pamodzi ndi miyala ya granite, mica ndi amphibole, ikhoza kufotokozedwa ngati thanthwe lolimba, lowala, la magmatic lomwe limapangidwa makamaka ndi feldspar ndi quartz.
Katswiri wa miyala adzalongosola momwe mwalawu ulili, ndipo akatswiri ambiri sangagwiritse ntchito granite kuti azindikire thanthwelo pokhapokha atapeza gawo lina la mchere.Atha kuyitcha alkaline granite, granodiorite, pegmatite kapena aplite.
Tanthauzo lazamalonda lomwe amagulitsa ndi ogula nthawi zambiri limatchedwa miyala ya granular yomwe imakhala yovuta kuposa granite.Amatha kutcha granite ya gabro, basalt, pegmatite, gneiss ndi miyala ina yambiri.
Kawirikawiri amatanthauzidwa ngati "mwala waukulu" womwe ukhoza kudulidwa mpaka utali, m'lifupi ndi makulidwe.
Granite ndi yamphamvu yokwanira kupirira ma abrasions ambiri, zolemera zazikulu, kukana nyengo ndikuvomereza ma varnish.Mwala wofunika kwambiri komanso wothandiza.
Ngakhale mtengo wa granite ndi wokwera kwambiri kuposa mtengo wazinthu zina zopangidwa ndi anthu pama projekiti, umatengedwa ngati chinthu chodziwika bwino chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukopa ena chifukwa cha kukongola kwake, kulimba kwake komanso mtundu wake.