Nchifukwa chiyani Nanometer-Flatness Granite Inspection Plates Idakali Maziko Osatsutsika a Ultra-Precision Metrology?

Pofunafuna luso lopanga zinthu, komwe kulekerera kwa miyeso kukuchepa kuchoka pa ma micrometer kupita ku ma nanometer, malo ofotokozera akadali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Dothi la metrology yamakono—pamwamba pomwe miyeso yonse yolunjika imachokera—ndi granite plate. Makamaka, granite test plate yolondola kwambiri komanso yofanana ndi kapangidwe kake, tebulo loyang'anira granite kapena tebulo la granite pamwamba, ikupitilirabe kulamulira, ngakhale munthawi yamakina apamwamba oyezera digito. Koma kodi ndi chiyani chachilengedwechi, chooneka ngati chosavuta chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chisasinthidwe ngati "zero point" m'mafakitale ovuta kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kuyambira kupanga ma semiconductor mpaka makina amphamvu a laser?

Yankho lake lili mu mgwirizano wa zinthu zachilengedwe komanso luso lopanga zinthu mwanzeru komanso mozama kwa zaka zambiri. Posankha malo ofunikira kuti muwayang'anire mosamala, zofunikira zake zimaposa kuuma kwake. Kukhazikika, kulimba, komanso kutentha ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Ubwino Wosasinthika wa Premium Black Granite

Maziko a granite iliyonse yolondola kwambiri ndi zinthu zopangira zokha. Mosiyana ndi granite wamba wa imvi kapena marble wosakhazikika womwe nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga osasamala kwambiri, muyezo wamakampani wokhazikika bwino umafuna granite wakuda kwambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, ZHHIMG® Black Granite yapadera idapangidwa mwasayansi kuti igwire ntchito bwino, yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwapadera kwa pafupifupi 3100 kg/m³. Kapangidwe ka mchere kabwino kwambiri aka si nambala chabe; ndi chitsimikizo champhamvu cha kugwira ntchito. Kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwambiri kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa Young's modulus, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zolimba komanso zolimba kwambiri ku katundu wosasinthasintha komanso wosinthasintha womwe umayikidwapo. Kulimba kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti tebulo la pamwamba pa granite limasunga kulekerera kwake kokhazikika - nthawi zina mpaka nanometer - ngakhale pothandizira ma gantries akuluakulu a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) kapena zinthu zolemera.

Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha kochepa kwa granite komanso kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri kwa kutentha ndikofunikira kwambiri. M'zipinda zowunikira zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi kutentha, malo owunikira ayenera kukana kusintha kwa mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kapena kusamutsa kutentha kuchokera ku gawo lomwe likuwunikidwa. Zipangizo za ZHHIMG® zimadutsa munjira yachilengedwe yokalamba kwa nthawi yayitali kuti zithetse kupsinjika kwamkati kwathunthu, kuonetsetsa kuti kapangidwe kake ndi kofanana ndikutsimikizira kuti komalizidwa.mbale ya graniteipereka njira yodalirika komanso yopanda kupotoza zinthu kwa zaka zambiri.

Kupanga "Zero Point": Kulondola Kwambiri Kuposa Kupukuta Kosavuta

Kupanga mbale yowunikira ya granite yolondola kwambiri ndi luso lochokera mu sayansi yokhwima, lomwe limapitirira kukumba ndi kudula koyamba. Njirayi imaphatikizapo makina akuluakulu, apamwamba kwambiri omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi zida zoyezera zinthu zodziwika bwino komanso, makamaka, luso la anthu.

Atsogoleri apadziko lonse lapansi m'munda uno amagwiritsa ntchito malo akuluakulu komanso olamulidwa ndi chilengedwe. Matebulo owunikira granite molondola olemera matani 100 ndi kutalika kwa mamita 20 amafunika zomangamanga zapadera. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amachepetsedwa ndi kugwedezeka, kutentha ndi chinyezi—nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi pansi pa konkire wokhuthala komanso ngalande zoletsa kugwedezeka—ndikofunika. Malo amenewa amachotsa phokoso la chilengedwe, kuonetsetsa kuti magawo omaliza olumikizirana ndi manja ndi makina akuchitika pansi pamikhalidwe yokhazikika kwambiri.

Njira yopera ndi kulumikiza ndi pomwe kusalala kofunikira kumachitika. Opanga zinthu molondola amaika ndalama zambiri mu makina akuluakulu, olondola kwambiri, omwe amatha kukonza zinthu zachitsulo komanso zosakhala zachitsulo molondola kwambiri. Komabe, ngakhale makina apamwamba kwambiri amatha kuchita zochepa chabe. Kuwongolera komaliza—micron yomaliza yokonza kusalala—nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi akatswiri aluso. Akatswiri awa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zaka 30 kapena kuposerapo, amagwiritsa ntchito njira zawo zolumikizira ndi manja, kudalira kumvetsetsa kwachibadwa, kogwira mtima kuti akwaniritse kusalala pamwamba komwe kumakwaniritsa kapena kupitirira miyezo yokhwima kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza ASME B89.3.7, DIN 876, ndi JIS B 7510. Kukhudza kwa anthu kumeneku, komwe kumasintha slab yolimba ya miyala kukhala nanometer-flat reference, ndiko komwe kumasiyanitsa tebulo lapamwamba la granite pamwamba.

Udindo wa Metrology: Kutsata ndi Miyezo

Mu makampani opanga zinthu molondola kwambiri, muyeso umakhala wabwino ngati kuwerengera malo ofunikira.mbale yowunikira graniteKuti chitsimikizidwe padziko lonse lapansi chikhale chodalirika, kutsimikizika kwake kuyenera kukhala kopanda chilema komanso kolondola.

Opanga otsogola amayesa bwino kwambiri zinthu zonse za pamwamba pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyezera zapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi: ma laser interferometer, ma electronic levels (monga ochokera ku WYLER), ndi ma high-resolution inductive probes (monga ochokera ku Mahr). Zida zimenezi zimayesa kusalala konse, kubwerezabwereza kulondola kwa kuwerenga, komanso kusiyana kwa malo okhala kusalala, nthawi zambiri mpaka kufika pa 0.5 m kapena kupitirira apo.

Chofunika kwambiri, zida zonse zoyezera ziyenera kuyesedwa nthawi zonse, ndi kutsata ku mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi komanso apadziko lonse lapansi (monga NIST, NPL, kapena PTB). Kutsatira kumeneku muyezo wokhwima, wapadziko lonse lapansi wa metrology ndichifukwa chake matebulo ovomerezeka owunikira granite amavomerezedwa padziko lonse lapansi ngati muyezo wagolide m'zipinda zoyezera ndi zowongolera khalidwe. Popanda maziko otsimikizika awa, okhala ndi nanometer, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zolondola za madola mamiliyoni ambiri—monga ma CMM apamwamba, machitidwe a semiconductor lithography, ndi makina a laser a femtosecond—sikungatheke kutsimikiziridwa.

Granite monga Chopangira Chapamwamba Cha Makina

Ngakhale tebulo la pamwamba pa granite ndi lofunika kwambiri ngati chida choyezera, ntchito yake yomanga zida zamakono zothamanga kwambiri komanso zolondola kwambiri ndi yofunika kwambiri. Zigawo za granite, maziko, ndi zomangira zake zalowa m'malo mwa chitsulo chosungunuka ndi zipangizo zina zachikhalidwe m'kati mwa makina apamwamba:

• Kuchepetsa Kugwedezeka: Kapangidwe ka mkati mwa Granite ndi kulemera kwake zimapereka mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri ochepetsera kutentha poyerekeza ndi chitsulo, zomwe zimayamwa bwino kugwedezeka kwa makina ndi kukula kwa kutentha komwe kungasokoneze malo a sub-micron.

• Kukhazikika kwa Miyeso: Pazinthu zofunika kwambiri monga makina onyamula mpweya, granite imapereka kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali, kosachita dzimbiri, komanso kosasinthasintha kofunikira pakusunga mipata ya mpweya ndikuwongolera kufanana kwa njanji pamayendedwe akuluakulu ogwirira ntchito.

• Kukula ndi Kuvuta: Popeza amatha kupanga mapangidwe ovuta a granite ndi maziko a makina okwana mamita 20, ma granite plates tsopano ndi zinthu zopangidwa mwapadera, zokhala ndi ma T-slots ophatikizidwa, zoyikapo ulusi, ndi malo okhala ndi mpweya omwe amagwira ntchito ngati msana wa kapangidwe ka mizere yonse yopangira.

Kufunika kosatha kwa mbale ya granite yolondola kwambiri n'koonekeratu. Sikuti ndi chinthu chongopeka chabe cha metrology yachikhalidwe; ndi njira yosinthira zinthu zamakono yomwe imasintha nthawi zonse, yomwe imapanga maziko oyambira opanga zinthu apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pamene zofunikira pakulondola kwa miyeso zikupitirirabe kulimba, kukhazikika, kulimba, komanso kusalala kotsimikizika kwa granite wakuda wapamwamba kumakhalabe kofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zinthu zili bwino, zogwirizana, komanso zatsopano padziko lonse lapansi.