Masiku ano, ndikukula kwachangu kwamakampani opanga ma semiconductor, kuyezetsa kwa IC, monga ulalo wofunikira wotsimikizira magwiridwe antchito a tchipisi, kulondola kwake komanso kukhazikika kwake kumakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa zokolola za tchipisi komanso kupikisana kwamakampani. Pamene njira yopangira chip ikupitilira ku 3nm, 2nm komanso ma node apamwamba kwambiri, zofunikira pazida zoyeserera za IC zikuchulukirachulukira. Maziko a granite, okhala ndi zida zapadera komanso maubwino amachitidwe, akhala "othandizana nawo" ofunikira pazida zoyesera za IC. Ndi malingaliro otani aukadaulo omwe ali kumbuyo kwa izi?
I. "Kulephera Kupirira" kwa Zikhalidwe Zachikhalidwe
Pakuyesa kwa IC, zidazo zimafunikira kudziwa bwino momwe magetsi amagwirira ntchito pamapini a chip, kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro, etc. pa nanoscale. Komabe, zoyambira zachitsulo (monga zitsulo zotayidwa ndi zitsulo) zawonetsa zovuta zambiri pazogwiritsa ntchito.
Kumbali imodzi, coefficient of thermal expansion of metallic materials ndi yokwera kwambiri, kawirikawiri pamwamba pa 10 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Kutentha komwe kumapangidwa pakagwiritsidwa ntchito zida zoyesera za IC kapena kusintha pang'ono kutentha komwe kumapezeka kungayambitse kukulitsa kwamafuta ndi kutsika kwazitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo chonyezimira chautali wa mita imodzi chikhoza kukulirakulira ndi kutsika mpaka 100μm pamene kutentha kumasintha ndi 10 ℃. Kusintha kotereku ndikokwanira kusokoneza mayeso oyesa ndi ma chip pin, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti musagwirizane bwino ndikuyambitsa kusokoneza kwa data yoyeserera.
Kumbali inayi, ntchito yowonongeka yazitsulo zazitsulo ndizosauka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yogwedezeka yomwe imapangidwa ndi ntchito ya zipangizo. M'mawonekedwe oyesa ma siginecha apamwamba kwambiri, ma micro-oscillation mosalekeza adzayambitsa phokoso lalikulu, ndikuwonjezera cholakwika cha kuyesa kwa kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro ndi 30%. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zachitsulo zimakhala ndi maginito okwera kwambiri ndipo zimakonda kulumikizana ndi maginito amagetsi pazida zoyesera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti eddy atayika pano komanso zotsatira za hysteresis, zomwe zimasokoneza kulondola kwa miyeso yolondola.
Ii. "Hardcore Strength" ya Maziko a Granite
Kukhazikika kokhazikika kwamafuta, kuyala maziko a kuyeza kolondola
Granite imapangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kolimba kwa makristasi amchere monga quartz ndi feldspar kudzera mu ma ionic ndi covalent bond. Coefficient yake yowonjezera kutentha ndi yotsika kwambiri, 0.6-5 × 10⁻⁶/℃ yokha, yomwe ili pafupifupi 1/2-1/20 ya zipangizo zachitsulo. Ngakhale kutentha kukasintha ndi 10 ℃, kukulitsa ndi kutsika kwa maziko a granite wamtali wa mita imodzi ndikochepera 50nm, kutsala pang'ono kukwaniritsa "zero deformation". Pakali pano, matenthedwe madutsidwe wa granite ndi 2-3 W/(m · K) yekha, amene ndi zosakwana 1/20 wa zitsulo. Ikhoza kuteteza kutentha kwa zipangizo, kusunga kutentha kwapamwamba kwa yunifolomu yoyambira, ndikuonetsetsa kuti kafukufuku woyesa ndi chip nthawi zonse amakhalabe ndi malo ogwirizana.
2. Super amphamvu kugwedera kuponderezedwa amalenga khola kuyezetsa chilengedwe
Zowonongeka zapadera za kristalo ndi kapangidwe kake kamene kamalowa mkati mwa granite zimapatsa mphamvu zowononga mphamvu, zokhala ndi chiwopsezo cha 0.3-0.5, chomwe chimaposa kuwirikiza kasanu ndi kamodzi kachitsulo. Deta yoyesera ikuwonetsa kuti pansi pa kugwedezeka kwa 100Hz, nthawi yochepetsera kugwedezeka kwa maziko a granite ndi masekondi 0.1 okha, pomwe yachitsulo chachitsulo ndi masekondi 0.8. Izi zikutanthauza kuti maziko a granite amatha kupondereza nthawi yomweyo kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyambitsa ndi kutseka kwa zida, zovuta zakunja, ndi zina zambiri, ndikuwongolera kugwedezeka kwa nsanja yoyeserera mkati mwa ± 1μm, kupereka chitsimikizo chokhazikika pakuyika kwa nanoscale probes.
3. Zinthu zachilengedwe zotsutsana ndi maginito, kuchotsa kusokoneza kwa electromagnetic
Granite ndi chida cha diamagnetic chokhala ndi mphamvu ya maginito pafupifupi -10 ⁻⁵. Ma elekitironi amkati amakhala awiriawiri mkati mwa zomangira zamankhwala ndipo pafupifupi samasiyanitsidwa ndi maginito akunja. M'malo olimba a maginito a 10mT, mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imapangidwira pamwamba pa granite ndi yocheperapo 0.001mT, pamene pamwamba pa chitsulo choponyedwa ndi chokwera kuposa 8mT. Katundu wachilengedwe wotsutsana ndi maginito amatha kupanga malo oyezera bwino a zida zoyesera za IC, kuziteteza ku kusokonezedwa ndi ma elekitiroma akunja monga ma motors workshop ndi ma sign a RF. Ndizoyenera kwambiri kuyesa zochitika zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi phokoso lamagetsi, monga tchipisi ta quantum ndi ma ADC / Dacs olondola kwambiri.
Chachitatu, kugwiritsa ntchito kothandiza kwapeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri
Zochita zamabizinesi ambiri a semiconductor zawonetsa bwino mtengo wa maziko a granite. Wopanga zida zoyezetsa za semiconductor wodziwika padziko lonse lapansi atatengera maziko a granite papulatifomu yake yoyezetsa chip 5G yapamwamba kwambiri, adapeza zotsatira zodabwitsa: kulondola kwa malo a khadi lofufuzira kunakwera kuchoka pa ± 5μm kupita ku ± 1μm, kupatuka kwa mayeso kumatsika ndi 70%, ndipo kuyesedwa kolakwika kwatsika ndi 3.0% kwambiri kuchoka pa 3.0% kutsika kwambiri. Pakadali pano, kugwedezeka kwa vibration ndikodabwitsa. Zida zimatha kuyambitsa mayeso osadikirira kuti kugwedezeka kuwonongeke, kufupikitsa mayeso amodzi ndi 20% ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yopanga pachaka ndi zopyapyala zopitilira 3 miliyoni. Kuphatikiza apo, maziko a granite amakhala ndi moyo wazaka zopitilira 10 ndipo safuna kukonzedwa pafupipafupi. Poyerekeza ndi maziko azitsulo, mtengo wake wonse umachepetsedwa ndi 50%.
Chachinayi, sinthani machitidwe a mafakitale ndikutsogolera kukweza kwaukadaulo woyesera
Ndi chitukuko cha matekinoloje apamwamba olongedza (monga Chiplet) komanso kukwera kwa magawo omwe akutuluka ngati tchipisi ta quantum computing, zofunikira pakuyesa kwa zida pakuyesa kwa IC zipitilira kukwera. Maziko a granite nawonso amangopanga zatsopano komanso akukweza. Kupyolera mu chithandizo cha zokutira pamwamba kuti apititse patsogolo kukana kuvala kapena kuphatikiza ndi zoumba za piezoelectric kuti akwaniritse chipukuta misozi yogwira ntchito ndi zopambana zina zaukadaulo, akulowera njira yolondola komanso yanzeru. M'tsogolomu, maziko a granite adzapitiriza kuteteza luso lamakono la mafakitale a semiconductor ndi chitukuko chapamwamba cha "tchipisi ta China" ndi ntchito yake yabwino kwambiri.
Kusankha maziko a granite kumatanthauza kusankha njira yoyezera IC yolondola, yokhazikika komanso yothandiza. Kaya ndikuyesa kwaposachedwa kwa chip kapena kuwunika kwamtsogolo kwaukadaulo wamakono, maziko a granite atenga gawo losasinthika komanso lofunikira.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-15-2025