N’chifukwa chiyani 95% ya zipangizo zoyezera zapamwamba zimasiya chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo? Kuchotsa kubisika kwa nanoscale Damping Characteristics Technology of Granite bases.

Mu gawo la metrology yapamwamba kwambiri, kulondola ndiye muyezo waukulu woyezera mtengo wa zida. M'zaka zaposachedwa, 95% ya zida zapamwamba zoyezera zasiya maziko achitsulo chachikhalidwe ndipo m'malo mwake zayamba kugwiritsa ntchito maziko a granite. Kumbuyo kwa kusinthaku kwa mafakitale kuli kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komwe kwabwera chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a nano-level damping a maziko a granite. Nkhaniyi isanthula mozama zabwino zapadera za maziko a granite ndikuwulula chinsinsi chomwe chili kumbuyo kwa kukhala kwawo "okondedwa atsopano" a zida zapamwamba zoyezera.
Zofooka za maziko achitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo: N'zovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira zapamwamba zoyezera
Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo kale chinali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa maziko a zida zoyezera ndipo chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika komanso kusavuta kuchigwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, m'mikhalidwe yoyezera yapamwamba, zofooka za chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo zikuchulukirachulukira. Kumbali imodzi, chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chimakhala ndi kukhazikika koipa kwa kutentha, ndi kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumafika pa 11-12 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Zipangizo zikapanga kutentha panthawi yogwira ntchito kapena kutentha kwa mlengalenga kukasintha, zimakhala ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwa mawonekedwe oyezera. Kumbali ina, kapangidwe ka mkati ka chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulocho kamakhala ndi ma pores ang'onoang'ono, ndipo magwiridwe ake ochepetsa kugwedezeka sikokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti isathe kuyamwa bwino kusokonezeka kwa kugwedezeka kwakunja. Pamene ntchito ya zida zamakina ndi kayendedwe ka magalimoto mu workshop zimapanga kugwedezeka, maziko a chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulocho amatumiza kugwedezeka ku zida zoyezera, zomwe zimapangitsa kusinthasintha kwa deta yoyezera ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira zoyezera molondola kwambiri pamlingo wa nanometer ndi micrometer.

Makhalidwe a nanoscale damping a maziko a granite: Chitsimikizo chachikulu cha muyeso wolondola
Granite ndi mwala wachilengedwe womwe umapangidwa kudzera mu njira za geological kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Ma crystals ake amkati ndi opapatiza ndipo kapangidwe kake ndi kolimba komanso kofanana, zomwe zimapatsa mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zochepetsera kutentha. Pamene kugwedezeka kwakunja kumatumizidwa ku maziko a granite, kapangidwe kake kamkati kakhoza kusintha mphamvu ya kugwedezeka kukhala mphamvu yotentha mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchepetsedwa bwino. Poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo, nthawi yoyankhira kugwedezeka kwa maziko a granite imafupikitsidwa ndi oposa 80%, ndipo amatha kubwerera ku mkhalidwe wokhazikika munthawi yochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kupewa kugwedezeka kwa kulondola kwa zida zoyezera.

Kuchokera pakuwona kwa microscopic, kapangidwe ka kristalo ka granite kali ndi malire ang'onoang'ono a tirigu ndi tinthu ta mchere, ndipo mawonekedwe awa amapanga "network yoyamwa kugwedezeka" yachilengedwe. Pamene mafunde ogwedezeka afalikira mkati mwa granite, amagundana, kuwunikira ndi kufalikira ndi malire ndi tinthu ta tirigu awa kangapo. Mphamvu yogwedezeka imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse munjira iyi, motero kukwaniritsa zotsatira za kugwedezeka. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti maziko a granite amatha kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa amplitude kukhala kochepera gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a choyambirira, kupereka malo okhazikika oyezera zida zoyezera.
Ubwino wina wa maziko a granite: Kukwaniritsa zofunikira zapamwamba mokwanira
Kuwonjezera pa mphamvu zake zabwino kwambiri zochepetsera kutentha kwa nanoscale, maziko a granite alinso ndi zabwino zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri pazida zapamwamba zoyezera. Kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwake ndi kochepa kwambiri, kokha 5-7 × 10⁻⁶/℃, ndipo sikukhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa kutentha. Imatha kusunga kukula ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika pansi pa mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yachilengedwe, kuonetsetsa kuti muyeso wake ndi wolondola. Pakadali pano, granite ili ndi kuuma kwakukulu (kokhala ndi kuuma kwa Mohs kwa 6-7) komanso kukana kutopa kwambiri. Ngakhale itakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, pamwamba pake imatha kukhalabe ndi mawonekedwe olondola kwambiri, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kukonza ndi kuwerengera zida. Kuphatikiza apo, granite ili ndi mphamvu zokhazikika zamakemikolo ndipo siiwonongeka mosavuta ndi zinthu za acidic kapena alkaline, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera m'malo osiyanasiyana ovuta amafakitale.
Makampani opanga zinthu atsimikizira kufunika kwa maziko a granite
Mu gawo la kupanga ma semiconductor, kukula kwa ma chips kwalowa munthawi ya nanoscale, ndipo zofunikira zolondola pazida za metrology ndizapamwamba kwambiri. Kampani yodziwika bwino yapadziko lonse lapansi ya semiconductor itasintha zida zoyezera ndi maziko achitsulo chopangidwa ndi granite, cholakwika choyezera chinachepa kuchoka pa ± 5μm kufika pa ± 0.5μm, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zokolola zazinthu kunakwera ndi 12%. Mu gawo la ndege, zida zapamwamba zoyezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira mawonekedwe ndi malo a zigawo, pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito maziko a granite, zimapewa kusokonezeka kwa kugwedezeka, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zofunika monga masamba a injini ya ndege ndi mafelemu a fuselage zikukonzedwa molondola, komanso kupereka chitsimikizo champhamvu cha chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa zinthu za ndege.

Ndi kusintha kosalekeza kwa zofunikira pakulondola kwa muyeso m'makampani opanga zinthu zapamwamba, maziko a granite, okhala ndi mawonekedwe awo ochepetsera kuuma kwa nano-scale komanso ubwino wonse wa magwiridwe antchito, akukonzanso miyezo yaukadaulo ya zida zoyezera. Kusintha kuchoka pa chitsulo chosungunuka kupita ku granite sikungosintha zinthu zokha; komanso ndi kusintha kwa mafakitale komwe kumapititsa patsogolo ukadaulo woyezera molondola kufika pamlingo watsopano.