M'munda wa metrology yapamwamba, kulondola ndi njira yayikulu yoyezera kufunikira kwa zida. M'zaka zaposachedwa, 95% ya zida zopangira metering zapamwamba zasiya zoyambira zachitsulo zotayira ndipo m'malo mwake zatengera maziko a granite. Kumbuyo kwa kusintha kwamakampaniku kuli kutsogola kwaukadaulo komwe kumadza chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a nano-level daping bases of granite bases. Nkhaniyi isanthula mozama zaubwino wapadera wa maziko a granite ndikuwulula chinsinsi chomwe chimachititsa kuti akhale "okondedwa atsopano" a zida zapamwamba zowerengera.
Zoperewera zazitsulo zachitsulo: Ndizovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira za metering zapamwamba
Chitsulo chotayira kale chinali chida chodziwika bwino chopangira zida zoyezera ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa chotsika mtengo komanso kukonza kosavuta. Komabe, muzochitika zoyezera kwambiri, zofooka za chitsulo chachitsulo zikukhala zowonekera kwambiri. Kumbali imodzi, chitsulo chosasunthika chimakhala ndi kusakhazikika kwamafuta, komwe kumakhala ndi mphamvu yowonjezera kutentha mpaka 11-12 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Chidacho chikapanga kutentha panthawi yogwira ntchito kapena kusintha kwa kutentha komwe kumakhalapo, kumakhala kosavuta kusinthika kwamafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusinthika kwazomwe zimayendera. Kumbali ina, mawonekedwe amkati a chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo amakhala ndi ma pores ang'onoang'ono, ndipo kugwedezeka kwake kumagwira ntchito sikukwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisathe bwino kusokoneza kugwedezeka kwakunja. Pamene ntchito ya zida zamakina ndi kayendedwe ka magalimoto mumsonkhanowo kumapanga kugwedezeka, chitsulo choponyedwa pansi chidzatumiza kugwedezeka kwa zida zoyezera, zomwe zimapangitsa kusinthasintha kwa deta yoyezera ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira zoyezera bwino kwambiri pa nanometer ndi micrometer.
Makhalidwe a Nanoscale damping of granite bases: Chitsimikizo choyambirira cha muyeso wolondola
Granite ndi mwala wachilengedwe wopangidwa kudzera munjira za geological pazaka mazana mamiliyoni ambiri. Makristalo ake amkati amchere ndi ophatikizika ndipo kapangidwe kake ndi kowuma komanso kofananira, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale ndi zida zapamwamba za nano-scale damping. Pamene kugwedezeka kwakunja kutumizidwa ku maziko a granite, microstructure yake yamkati imatha kusintha mofulumira mphamvu yogwedezeka kukhala mphamvu yotentha, kukwaniritsa kuchepetsedwa bwino. Poyerekeza ndi chitsulo choponyedwa, nthawi yoyankha kugwedezeka kwa maziko a granite imafupikitsidwa ndi kupitirira 80%, ndipo amatha kubwerera kumalo okhazikika mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri, popewa kugwedezeka kwa kugwedezeka pa kuyeza kulondola kwa zida zoyezera.
Kuchokera pamawonedwe ang'onoang'ono, mawonekedwe a kristalo wa granite ali ndi malire ang'onoang'ono ambewu ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambirimbiri, ndipo mawonekedwewa amapanga chilengedwe cha "vibration absorption network". Pamene mafunde ogwedezeka akufalikira mkati mwa granite, amawombana, amawonetsa ndi kumwazikana ndi malire a tirigu ndi tinthu tambirimbiri. The kugwedera mphamvu nthawi zonse ankadya mu ndondomekoyi, potero kukwaniritsa zotsatira za kugwedera damping. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti maziko a granite amatha kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa matalikidwe kukhala osachepera gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a choyambirira, ndikupereka malo okhazikika oyezera zida zoyezera.
Ubwino wina wa maziko a granite: Kukwaniritsa zofuna zapamwamba
Kuphatikiza pazida zake zapamwamba za nanoscale damping, maziko a granite alinso ndi maubwino angapo, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino pazida zapamwamba za metering. Coefficient yake yowonjezera kutentha ndi yotsika kwambiri, 5-7 × 10⁻⁶/℃ yokha, ndipo imakhala yosakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa kutentha. Ikhoza kusunga kukula ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika pansi pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana za chilengedwe, kuonetsetsa kuti chiwerengero cha miyeso ndi cholondola. Pakalipano, granite ili ndi kuuma kwakukulu (ndi kuuma kwa Mohs kwa 6-7) ndi kukana kwamphamvu kuvala. Ngakhale atagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, pamwamba pake amatha kukhalabe ndi pulani yolondola kwambiri, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kukonza zida ndikuwongolera. Kuonjezera apo, granite imakhala ndi mankhwala okhazikika ndipo sichiwonongeka mosavuta ndi zinthu za acidic kapena zamchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kwa mafakitale osiyanasiyana ovuta.
Zochita zamafakitale zatsimikizira zamtengo wapatali wa maziko a granite
Pankhani yopanga ma semiconductor, kukula kwa tchipisi kwalowa munthawi ya nanoscale, ndipo zofunikira zolondola pazida za metrology ndizokwera kwambiri. Pambuyo pa bizinesi yodziwika bwino yapadziko lonse lapansi ya semiconductor m'malo mwa zida za metering ndi chitsulo chachitsulo chokhala ndi maziko a granite, cholakwika choyezera chinatsika kuchokera ku ± 5μm mpaka ± 0.5μm, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zokolola kumawonjezeka ndi 12%. M'munda wa zakuthambo, zida zapamwamba za metrology zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira mawonekedwe ndi kulolerana kwa zigawo, pambuyo potengera maziko a granite, zimapewa kusokoneza kugwedezeka, kuonetsetsa kulondola kwazinthu zofunikira monga masamba a injini ya ndege ndi mafelemu a fuselage, ndikupereka chitsimikizo champhamvu chachitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa zinthu zakuthambo.
Ndi kuwongolera kosalekeza kwa zofunikira pakuyezera kulondola mumakampani opanga zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri, zoyambira za granite, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake a nano-scale damping ndi maubwino ogwirira ntchito, akukonzanso miyezo yaukadaulo ya zida zoyezera. Kusintha kuchokera ku chitsulo chonyezimira kupita ku granite sikungowonjezera zida; ndikusinthanso kwamakampani komwe kumapangitsa ukadaulo woyezera molondola kupita kumalo atsopano.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-13-2025