Mu dziko la makina olondola kwambiri—kumene makina owonera amakonza ma data ambirimbiri pa sekondi iliyonse ndipo ma linear motors amathamanga motsatira ma air bearing—chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chimakhalabe chosasintha. Makina onse apamwamba, kuyambira zida zowunikira ma wafer mpaka odulira laser akuluakulu, ayenera kutsatira chiyambi chake mpaka mzere ndi ndege yotsimikizika. Chofunika ichi ndichifukwa chake zida zapadera za metrology, makamaka granite straight ruler yokhala ndi malo awiri olondola, malamulo a granite linear, ndimalamulo ofanana a ndege ya granite, imakhalabe miyezo yofunika kwambiri popanga zinthu zamakono.
Zida zimenezi si miyala yopukutidwa yokha; ndi chitsanzo chenicheni cha miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimapereka umboni wosasinthika womwe umatsimikizira, kutsimikizira, komanso kulipidwa kwa makina amakono.
Fiziki ya Chowonadi Cha Dimensional
Kudalira granite nthawi ya nanometer kumachokera kwambiri mu sayansi ya zinthu, komwe zipangizo zamakono monga chitsulo kapena chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo sizimakwaniritsa zofunikira zokhazikika.
Mdani wamkulu wa kulondola ndi kutentha. Zitsulo zimakhala ndi Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) yapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kusinthasintha pang'ono kwa kutentha kumayambitsa kusintha kwa kukula koyezeka. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, granite wakuda wolondola kwambiri ali ndi CTE yotsika kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri. Kapangidwe kameneka kamalola zida za granite kukhazikika motsutsana ndi kusintha kwa kutentha kwa malo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mzere wolozera kapena mzere wolozera ukhale wodziwikiratu komanso wosakhudzidwa ndi phokoso la chilengedwe.
Kupatula kutentha, kupopera kwa makina ndikofunikira kwambiri. Granite ili ndi mphamvu yayikulu yopopera mkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti itenge mphamvu ya makina mwachangu ndikuchotsa kugwedezeka. Rula yachitsulo, ikasokonezedwa, imakonda kumveka bwino, ndikufalitsa cholakwika mu dongosolo lomwe likuyesedwa. Komabe, rula yolunjika ya granite imakhazikika mwachangu, kuonetsetsa kuti miyeso ikuwonetsa mawonekedwe enieni a chinthu chomwe chikufunidwa, osati kugwedezeka kwa chida choyezera chokha. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pochita ndi machitidwe oyenda mtunda wautali kapena ma optical alignments apamwamba.
Kufotokozera Mzere: Wolamulira Wolunjika wa Granite wokhala ndi Malo Awiri Olondola
Chofunika kwambiri komanso chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga makina ndi kulunjika. Sitima iliyonse yowongolera, makina onyamulira, ndi gawo lomasulira zimadalira mzere wowongoka bwino wa ulendo. Wolamulira wowongoka wa granite wokhala ndi malo awiri olondola ndiye ntchito yogwirira ntchito imeneyi, yomwe imapereka m'mphepete wowongoka wovomerezeka komanso, chofunikira kwambiri, malo ofananira.
Kukhala ndi malo awiri olondola kwambiri komanso otsutsana kumalola kuti rulalo ligwiritsidwe ntchito osati pongotsimikizira kulunjika motsutsana ndi gwero la kuwala kapena mulingo wamagetsi pamwamba pa ntchito, komanso pochita macheke apamwamba a kufanana ndi kupotoza m'mabedi a makina. Mwachitsanzo, pokhazikitsa zida zazikulu zosonkhanitsira kapena mafelemu aatali a makina, nkhope ziwiri zofanana zimathandiza katswiri kutsimikizira kuti njanji ziwiri zolekanitsidwa ndizofanana komanso zofanana ndi malo akuluakulu ofotokozera (monga mbale ya pamwamba). Ntchito zambirizi zimapangitsa kuti njira zofunika kwambiri zikhale zosavuta, kuonetsetsa kuti makinawo ndi ozungulira komanso olondola kuyambira maziko mpaka mmwamba.
Malo a olamulira awa ayenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yokhwima kwambiri, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi yolekerera yomwe imayesedwa mu ma microns kapena magawo ake, zomwe zimafuna mulingo wa kutha kwa pamwamba womwe ungapezeke kokha kudzera mu njira zowongolera kwambiri.
Kusinthasintha kwa Muyeso: Malamulo a Granite Linear
Mawu akuti malamulo a granite linear nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito ngati gulu lalikulu la zida zopangidwa kuti zipereke chitsimikizo cholunjika pa mtunda wautali. Malamulo awa ndi ofunikira kwambiri pantchito zazikulu zamafakitale, monga:
-
Zolakwika pa Mapu: Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi ma laser interferometers kapena ma auto-collimators kuti ziwonetse zolakwika zowongoka panjira yoyendera ya makina. Kulunjika kwa lamulo la granite kumapereka maziko okhazikika ofunikira pa miyeso iyi yolimba kwambiri.
-
Kulinganiza Kogwirizana: Kugwira ntchito ngati zida zosakhalitsa, zovomerezeka kuti zitsimikizire kuti zigawo zazikulu (monga matabwa a mlatho kapena mikono ya gantry) zalunjika bwino zisanakhazikitsidwe kosatha.
-
Kulinganiza Zida Zam'kalasi Yotsika: Kupereka chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe chimalinganiza mizere yolunjika kapena malangizo a m'kalasi yotsika.
Kutalika kwa nthawi ndi kukhazikika kwa granite kumatanthauza kuti lamulo la mzere wa granite likavomerezedwa, umphumphu wake umasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa zida zofanana ndi zitsulo, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka ndi mtengo wokonzanso.
Kukhazikitsa Ndege Yangwiro: Malamulo Ofanana a Granite Plane
Malamulo ofanana a granite plane adapangidwa makamaka kuti akwaniritse kufunikira kwa chipika chovomerezeka chokhala ndi nkhope ziwiri zofananira komanso zathyathyathya zogwirira ntchito. Ngakhale kuti malamulo owongoka amayang'ana kwambiri pa mzere, malamulo ofanana amayang'ana kwambiri kutalika ndi kusalala kwa malo awo ogwirira ntchito.
Malamulo awa ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa:
-
Kuyeza ndi Kutalikirana: Kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo otalikirana kapena othandizira molondola komwe kufanana kwa kutalika ndi kufanana pakati pa mfundo ziwiri zotsutsana ziyenera kukhala zenizeni, monga poyika zigawo za kuwala kapena poyesa kutalika kwa gauge.
-
Kuyang'ana Kupendekeka kwa Tebulo ndi Kukhazikika: Kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapepala apamwamba kuti atsimikizire kuti madera osiyanasiyana a mbaleyo amakhala ndi kutalika kofanana poyerekeza ndi wina ndi mnzake.
-
Kuyang'anira Moyenera: Kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito zosonkhanitsira pomwe mtunda wolondola pakati pa zinthu ziwiri zofanana uyenera kugwiridwa ndi kulekerera kwa sub-micron, kutengera kufanana kotsimikizika kwa lamulo pakati pa nkhope zake ziwiri zazikulu.
Kupanga bwino malamulo ofanana a granite plane kumafuna kuwongolera kwambiri njira yopera ndi kulumikiza, kuonetsetsa kuti nkhope ziwirizi sizingokhala ndi kusiyana kochepa komanso zimakhala zofanana kwambiri pamalo aliwonse pamwamba pawo.
Muyezo wa Ubwino Wapadziko Lonse
Ulamuliro wa zida zosavuta izi uli mu satifiketi yawo. Opanga omwe akugwira ntchito pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri ayenera kutsatira ndikupitilira miyezo yambiri yapadziko lonse lapansi (monga DIN, ASME, JIS, ndi GB). Kudzipereka kumeneku pakutsata miyezo yambiri ndi chitsimikizo chachindunji kwa makasitomala apadziko lonse lapansi—kuchokera kwa opanga magalimoto aku Germany mpaka makampani aku America—kuti chowonadi cha geometrical chomwe chimafotokozedwa ndi granite straight ruler yokhala ndi malo awiri olondola ndi chotsimikizika padziko lonse lapansi.
Kuphatikiza apo, njira yotsimikizira iyi imafuna chikhalidwe cha khalidwe losasinthasintha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kulondola komaliza kwa gawo lililonse sikungokhala chifukwa cha zida zodulira zapamwamba zokha, komanso chifukwa cha kukhudza komaliza komwe kumaperekedwa ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito yolumikiza manja. Akatswiri awa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zaka zoposa makumi atatu zakuchitikira, amagwiritsa ntchito luso lawo logwira ntchito kuchotsa zinthu pamlingo wa single-micron, zomwe zimapangitsa granite kufika pamlingo wake womaliza wovomerezeka. Luso laumunthu ili, limodzi ndi kutsimikizika ndi machitidwe apamwamba oyesera osakhudzana monga laser interferometers, ndi zomwe zimapatsa zida za granite izi mphamvu zawo zapamwamba komanso zosatsutsika padziko lonse lapansi lolondola kwambiri.
Kukhazikika kosavuta komanso kosasintha kwa miyala, komwe kumapangidwa bwino ndi miyezo yokhwima ya metrology yamakono, kumakhalabe maziko ofunikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lopanga ma nanometer.
Nthawi yotumizira: Dec-08-2025