N’chifukwa chiyani mafakitale opanga ma wafer apamwamba 5 padziko lonse lapansi asiya kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chopangidwa ndi pulasitiki? Kusanthula kwa Ubwino Wopanda Kuipitsidwa kwa Mapulatifomu a Granite m’Malo Oyera.

Mu gawo la kupanga ma semiconductor, ukhondo wa malo oyeretsera umakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa kupanga ma wafer ndi magwiridwe antchito a ma chips. Makampani opanga ma wafer apamwamba 5 padziko lonse lapansi achotsa zipangizo zachitsulo zachikhalidwe ndipo asintha kukhala ma granite. Kumbuyo kwa kusinthaku kuli kufunafuna kwakukulu kwa malo opanda kuipitsa m'zipinda zoyeretsera. Mapulatifomu a granite, okhala ndi makhalidwe awoawo, awonetsa zabwino zosayerekezeka m'zipinda zoyera ndipo akhala omwe amakondedwa kwambiri ndi mafakitale opanga ma wafer.

"Chilema chachikulu" cha zipangizo zachitsulo zotayidwa m'zipinda zoyera
Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo, monga chinthu chachikhalidwe cha mafakitale, chinali ndi ubwino winawake pamakina, koma chili ndi mavuto ambiri m'malo oyeretsera a semiconductor. Choyamba, kapangidwe ka pamwamba pa chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo sikokwanira, ndi ma pores ambiri ndi ming'alu yaying'ono yomwe siioneka ndi maso. Pantchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya zipinda zoyeretsera, ma pores awa amatha kunyamula fumbi, madontho a mafuta ndi zinthu zina zoipitsa mankhwala, zomwe zimakhala malo obisalira zinthu zoipitsa. Zinthu zoipitsa zikangowunjikana, panthawi yogwira ntchito yokonza ma wafer, zimatha kugwa ndikumamatira pamwamba pa wafer, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto akulu monga ma short circuits ndi ma open circuits mu chip.
Kachiwiri, chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chimakhala ndi kukhazikika kochepa kwa mankhwala. Pakupanga wafer, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zowononga monga hydrofluoric acid ndi sulfuric acid zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chimakonda kusungunuka ndi kuphulika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zinthuzi. Dzimbiri ndi ma ayoni achitsulo omwe amapangidwa ndi dzimbiri sizimangoipitsa malo oyeretsera komanso zimatha kuchitanso zinthu zomwe zili pamwamba pa wafer, zomwe zimawononga mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zamakemikolo za wafer ndikuchepetsa kwambiri phindu la mankhwalawo.
Mbali ya "zosawononga konse" ya nsanja za granite
Chifukwa chomwe nsanja za granite zimakondedwa ndi mafakitale opanga ma wafer apamwamba padziko lonse lapansi ndi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo enieni a "zopanda kuipitsa". Granite ndi mwala wachilengedwe wopangidwa kudzera mu njira za geological kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Ma crystals ake amkati amakhala olimba kwambiri, kapangidwe kake ndi kolimba komanso kofanana, ndipo palibe ma pores pamwamba. Kapangidwe kake kapadera kamatsimikizira kuti sikatenga fumbi ndi zodetsa. Ngakhale pakagwa kusokonezeka kwa mpweya komanso ntchito za ogwira ntchito ndi zida m'chipinda choyera, pamwamba pa nsanja ya granite pakhoza kukhalabe koyera, kuletsa kuswana ndi kufalikira kwa zodetsa.
Ponena za kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, granite imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Zigawo zake zazikulu ndi mchere monga quartz ndi feldspar. Ili ndi mphamvu zokhazikika kwambiri zamakemikolo ndipo sichitapo kanthu ndi zinthu zina zodziwika bwino zamakemikolo. Mu malo ovuta opangira ma wafer, ma granite platforms amatha kuthana ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zowononga mosavuta, popanda kupanga zinthu zowononga kapena kuipitsa ma ion achitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo otetezeka komanso oyera opangira ma wafer. Pakadali pano, granite siigwira ntchito ndipo siipanga magetsi osasunthika, motero imapewa kuipitsa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha magetsi osasunthika omwe amakoka tinthu ta fumbi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chipinda choyera chili bwino.
Kusankha zinthu malinga ndi mtengo ndi phindu
Ngakhale mtengo woyambira wogulira nsanja za granite ndi wokwera kwambiri kuposa wa zitsulo zotayidwa, pamapeto pake, ubwino wonse womwe zimabweretsa umaposa kusiyana kwa mtengo. Kuyeretsa ndi kukonza pafupipafupi nsanja zachitsulo zotayidwa chifukwa cha mavuto a kuipitsa, komanso kutayika kwakukulu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zolakwika zazinthu, kwapangitsa kuti ndalama zonse zopangira zikhale zokwera. Nsanja ya granite, yokhala ndi ubwino wopanda kuipitsa, imachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa ndi kukonza m'chipinda choyera komanso kuchuluka kwa zolakwika zazinthu, imachepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, komanso imawonjezera magwiridwe antchito opanga ndi mtundu wazinthu. Mwachitsanzo, ganizirani fakitale yokhala ndi mphamvu yopangira ma wafer miliyoni imodzi pachaka. Pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito nsanja za granite, imatha kuchepetsa kutayika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuipitsa ndi ma yuan opitilira mamiliyoni khumi pachaka, ndipo phindu la ndalama ndi lalikulu kwambiri.
Makampani opanga ma wafer apamwamba 5 padziko lonse lapansi asiya kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosungunuka ndi kusankha ma granite platforms potengera kuganizira bwino zofunikira pa malo oyeretsera ndi momwe zopangira zimagwirira ntchito. Ubwino wopanda kuipitsa wa ma granite platforms umapereka chitsimikizo chodalirika cha kupanga ma wafer ndipo umapangitsa kupanga ma semiconductor kukhala olondola kwambiri komanso okolola bwino. Ndi chitukuko chopitilira cha ukadaulo wa ma semiconductor, ma granite platforms adzachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga ma wafer mtsogolo.