N'chifukwa chiyani makampani 5 apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse opanga mawafa athetsa chitsulo? Kuwunikiridwa kwa Ubwino Wa Zero-Pollution of Granite Platforms in Cleanroom Environments.

Pankhani yopanga ma semiconductor, ukhondo wa malo oyeretsera umakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa zokolola zamafuta ophatikizika komanso magwiridwe antchito a tchipisi. Zomera 5 zapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zopangira zitsulo zokhala ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali zonse zathetsa zida zachitsulo zotayidwa ndikusintha mapulatifomu a granite. Kumbuyo kwa kusinthaku kuli kufunafuna komaliza kwa malo osaipitsa ziro m'zipinda zoyera. Mapulatifomu a granite, okhala ndi mawonekedwe awoawo, awonetsa zabwino zosayerekezeka m'zipinda zoyera ndipo zakhala zokonda zatsopano zamafuta opanga zophatikizika.

"Chilema choopsa" cha zitsulo zotayidwa m'zipinda zoyera
Chitsulo chotayira, monga zida zamafakitale, kale zinali ndi zabwino zina pamakina, koma zimakhala ndi zovuta zambiri m'malo oyeretsa a semiconductor. Choyamba, pamwamba microstructure wa chitsulo chotayidwa si wandiweyani, ndi ambiri pores ndi ming'alu ting'onoting'ono kuti ndi wosaoneka ndi maso. Pantchito yatsiku ndi tsiku ya zipinda zoyeretsera, ma pores awa amakhala okonda kutulutsa fumbi, madontho amafuta ndi zoipitsa zosiyanasiyana zama mankhwala, zomwe zimakhala malo obisalirako magwero oyipitsa. Zoipitsidwa zikachulukana, panthawi yopangira zophatikizika bwino, zimatha kugwa ndikumamatira pamwamba pa chopingacho, zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zazikulu monga mabwalo amfupi ndi mabwalo otseguka mu chip.
Kachiwiri, chitsulo chosasunthika chimakhala chosasunthika bwino pamankhwala. Panthawi yopangira zowola, ma reagents osiyanasiyana owononga monga hydrofluoric acid ndi sulfuric acid amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chitsulo chotayira chimakhala ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi dzimbiri chifukwa cha kukokoloka kwa zinthu izi. Dzimbiri ndi ayoni achitsulo opangidwa ndi dzimbiri sizimangowononga malo oyeretsedwa komanso zimatha kusinthidwa ndi mankhwala ndi zinthu zomwe zili pamwamba pake, kuwononga thupi ndi mankhwala a zopyapyala ndikuchepetsa kwambiri zokolola.
Mawonekedwe a "zero-pollution" pamapulatifomu a granite
Chifukwa chomwe nsanja za granite zimayamikiridwa ndi TOP 5 padziko lonse lapansi opanga zopangira zowotcha zili mu gawo lawo la "zero-ipitsa". Granite ndi mwala wachilengedwe wopangidwa kudzera munjira za geological pazaka mazana mamiliyoni ambiri. Makristasi ake amkati amchere amawunikiridwa kwambiri, kapangidwe kake ndi kowuma komanso kofanana, ndipo palibe pores pamwamba. Kapangidwe kapadera kameneka kamatsimikizira kuti sikungakonde fumbi ndi zonyansa. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri kusokonezeka kwa mpweya ndi zochitika za ogwira ntchito ndi zipangizo m'chipinda choyera, nsanja ya granite imatha kukhalabe yoyera, kuteteza kuswana ndi kufalikira kwa zonyansa.
Pankhani ya kukhazikika kwamankhwala, granite imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Zigawo zake zazikulu ndi mchere monga quartz ndi feldspar. Lili ndi zinthu zokhazikika zamakemikolo ndipo sizigwirizana ndi ma reagents amtundu uliwonse. M'malo ovuta a mankhwala opangira mawafa, nsanja za granite zimatha kuthana ndi kukokoloka kwa ma reagents osiyanasiyana owononga mosavuta, osapanga dzimbiri kapena kuipitsidwa kwa ayoni zitsulo, zomwe zimapereka malo otetezeka komanso aukhondo opangira zinthu zopyapyala. Pakali pano, granite si conductive ndipo samapanga magetsi osasunthika, motero amapewa kuopsa kwa kuipitsidwa kwa magetsi opangidwa ndi magetsi osasunthika omwe amatsatsa fumbi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chipindacho chili choyera.
Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu malinga ndi mtengo ndi phindu
Ngakhale mtengo wogula woyamba wa nsanja za granite ndi wokwera kwambiri kuposa wazitsulo zotayidwa, m'kupita kwanthawi, zopindulitsa zomwe amabweretsa zimaposa kusiyana kwa mtengo. Kuyeretsa pafupipafupi ndi kukonza nsanja zachitsulo chifukwa cha zovuta za kuipitsidwa, komanso kutayika kwakukulu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chiwopsezo cha zinthu, kwapangitsa kuti mtengo wonse ukhale wokwera. Pulatifomu ya granite, yomwe ili ndi mwayi wowononga zero, imachepetsa kwambiri kuyeretsa ndi kukonza m'chipinda choyera komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili ndi vuto, imachepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, komanso imathandizira kupanga bwino komanso mtundu wazinthu. Tengani fakitale yokhala ndi mphamvu yopanga pachaka ya mawafa miliyoni imodzi monga chitsanzo. Pambuyo potengera nsanja za granite, zitha kuchepetsa kutayika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa ndi ma yuan opitilira mamiliyoni khumi chaka chilichonse, ndipo kubweza ndalama kumachuluka kwambiri.
Zomera za TOP 5 zapadziko lonse lapansi zopanga zowotcha zowombedwa zasiya chitsulo ndikusankha nsanja za granite kutengera kuganiziridwa bwino kwa zofunikira pakupanga zipinda zoyera komanso kupanga bwino. Ubwino woyipitsidwa ndi zero wa nsanja za granite umapereka chitsimikizo chodalirika cha kupanga zowotcha komanso kumapangitsa kupanga ma semiconductor kukhala olondola kwambiri komanso zokolola zambiri. Pakukula kosalekeza kwaukadaulo wa semiconductor, nsanja za granite ziyenera kukhala ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mtsogolo.