Chiwonetsero cha Flat Panel (FPD) chakhala chodziwika bwino pa ma TV amtsogolo. Ndi chizolowezi cha anthu ambiri, koma palibe tanthauzo lokhwima padziko lonse lapansi. Kawirikawiri, mtundu uwu wa chiwonetsero ndi woonda ndipo umawoneka ngati gulu lathyathyathya. Pali mitundu yambiri ya ziwonetsero za flat panel. , Malinga ndi njira yowonetsera komanso mfundo yogwirira ntchito, pali chiwonetsero chamadzimadzi cha crystal (LCD), chiwonetsero cha plasma (PDP), chiwonetsero cha electroluminescence (ELD), chiwonetsero cha organic electroluminescence (OLED), chiwonetsero cha field emission (FED), chiwonetsero cha projection, ndi zina zotero. Zipangizo zambiri za FPD zimapangidwa ndi granite. Chifukwa maziko a makina a granite ali ndi kulondola bwino komanso mawonekedwe abwino.
chitukuko chamakono
Poyerekeza ndi CRT yachikhalidwe (cathode ray chubu), chiwonetsero cha flat panel chili ndi ubwino wochepa, wopepuka, wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, kuwala kochepa, wosawala, komanso wopindulitsa pa thanzi la anthu. Chaposa CRT pakugulitsa padziko lonse lapansi. Pofika mu 2010, akuti chiŵerengero cha mtengo wogulitsa wa awiriwa chidzafika pa 5:1. M'zaka za m'ma 2000, ziwonetsero za flat panel zidzakhala zinthu zazikulu pachiwonetserocho. Malinga ndi zomwe zanenedweratu ndi Stanford Resources yotchuka, msika wapadziko lonse wa flat panel udzakwera kuchoka pa 23 biliyoni US dollars mu 2001 kufika pa 58.7 biliyoni US dollars mu 2006, ndipo kuchuluka kwapakati pachaka kudzafika pa 20% m'zaka 4 zikubwerazi.
Ukadaulo wowonetsera
Mawonekedwe a flat panel amagawidwa m'magulu a active light emitting displays ndi passive light emitting displays. Choyamba chimatanthauza chipangizo chowonetsera chomwe display medium yokha imatulutsa kuwala ndikupereka kuwala kowoneka, komwe kumaphatikizapo plasma display (PDP), vacuum fluorescent display (VFD), field emission display (FED), electroluminescence display (LED) ndi organic light emitting diode diode display (OLED) )Dikirani. Chomalizachi chimatanthauza kuti sichitulutsa kuwala chokha, koma chimagwiritsa ntchito display medium kuti isinthidwe ndi chizindikiro chamagetsi, ndipo mawonekedwe ake owoneka amasintha, kusintha kuwala kozungulira ndi kuwala komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi magetsi akunja (backlight, projection light source), ndikuchichita pazenera kapena pazenera. Zipangizo zowonetsera, kuphatikiza liquid crystal display (LCD), micro-electromechanical system display (DMD) ndi electronic ink display (EL), ndi zina zotero.
LCD
Ma display amadzimadzi a crystal akuphatikizapo ma passive matrix liquid crystal displays (PM-LCD) ndi ma active matrix liquid crystal displays (AM-LCD). Ma STN ndi TN liquid crystal displays onse ndi a passive matrix liquid crystal displays. M'zaka za m'ma 1990, ukadaulo wa active-matrix liquid crystal display unakula mofulumira, makamaka thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD). Monga chinthu cholowa m'malo mwa STN, ili ndi ubwino wa liwiro loyankha mwachangu komanso losawala, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makompyuta onyamulika ndi malo ogwirira ntchito, ma TV, ma camcorder ndi ma consoles amasewera apakompyuta. Kusiyana pakati pa AM-LCD ndi PM-LCD ndikuti yoyambayo ili ndi zida zosinthira zomwe zawonjezeredwa ku pixel iliyonse, zomwe zimatha kuthana ndi kusokonezedwa ndikupeza chiwonetsero chapamwamba komanso chosiyana kwambiri. AM-LCD yomwe ilipo pano imagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chosinthira cha silicon (a-Si) TFT ndi njira yosungiramo capacitor, chomwe chingapeze mulingo wapamwamba wa imvi ndikuzindikira chiwonetsero chenicheni chamitundu. Komabe, kufunikira kwa ma pixel ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi resolution yapamwamba komanso ma projection applications kwapangitsa kuti ma display a P-Si (polysilicon) TFT (thin film transistor). Kusuntha kwa P-Si ndi kokwera nthawi 8 mpaka 9 kuposa kwa a-Si. Kukula kochepa kwa P-Si TFT sikuti kumangoyenera kuwonetsedwa mozama komanso mopanda kusinthasintha, komanso ma circuits ozungulira amatha kuphatikizidwa pa substrate.
Mwachidule, LCD ndi yoyenera zowonetsera zopyapyala, zopepuka, zazing'ono komanso zapakatikati zomwe sizigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamagetsi monga makompyuta a laputopu ndi mafoni am'manja. Ma LCD a mainchesi 30 ndi mainchesi 40 apangidwa bwino, ndipo ena agwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo popanga LCD kwambiri, mtengo wake umachepetsedwa nthawi zonse. Chowunikira cha LCD cha mainchesi 15 chikupezeka pamtengo wa $500. Njira yake yamtsogolo yopangira ndikusintha chiwonetsero cha cathode cha PC ndikuchiyika pa TV ya LCD.
Kuwonetsera kwa Plasma
Kuwonetsera kwa plasma ndi ukadaulo wowonetsera wotulutsa kuwala womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera mfundo yotulutsa mpweya (monga mpweya). Kuwonetsera kwa plasma kuli ndi ubwino wa machubu a cathode ray, koma amapangidwa pazida zoonda kwambiri. Kukula kwa chinthu chachikulu ndi mainchesi 40-42. Zinthu 50 za mainchesi 60 zikupangidwa.
kuwala kwa vacuum
Chowonetsera cha vacuum fluorescent ndi chowonetsera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zamawu/kanema ndi zida zapakhomo. Ndi chipangizo chowonetsera vacuum chamtundu wa triode electron tube chomwe chimaphimba cathode, grid ndi anode mu chubu cha vacuum. Ndi chakuti ma elekitironi omwe amatulutsa cathode amafulumizitsidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa grid ndi anode, ndikulimbikitsa phosphor yokutidwa pa anode kuti itulutse kuwala. Grid imagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka uchi.
kuwala kwa electroluminescence)
Ma electroluminescent screens amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa solid-state thin-film. Chigawo choteteza chimayikidwa pakati pa mbale ziwiri zoyendetsera ndipo gawo lochepa la electroluminescent limayikidwa. Chipangizochi chimagwiritsa ntchito mbale zophimbidwa ndi zinc kapena strontium zokhala ndi ma emission spectrum ambiri ngati zigawo za electroluminescent. Gawo lake la electroluminescent ndi makulidwe a 100 microns ndipo limatha kukhala ndi chiwonetsero chowonekera chofanana ndi chiwonetsero cha organic light emitting diode (OLED). Voliyumu yake yoyendetsera ndi 10KHz, 200V AC voltage, yomwe imafuna driver IC yokwera mtengo kwambiri. Chiwonetsero cha micro-resolution chapamwamba pogwiritsa ntchito active array driving scheme chapangidwa bwino.
Led
Ma diode otulutsa kuwala amakhala ndi ma diode ambiri otulutsa kuwala, omwe amatha kukhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena amitundu yambiri. Ma diode abuluu otulutsa kuwala kwambiri apezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kupanga ma LED owonetsera amitundu yonse. Ma LED owonetsera ali ndi mawonekedwe owala kwambiri, ogwira ntchito bwino komanso okhala ndi moyo wautali, ndipo ndi oyenera ma screen owonetsera amitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito panja. Komabe, palibe ma screen apakati a ma monitor kapena ma PDA (makompyuta ogwidwa ndi m'manja) omwe angapangidwe ndi ukadaulo uwu. Komabe, LED monolithic integrated circuit ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati monochromatic virtual display.
MEMS
Ichi ndi chowonetsera chaching'ono chopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa MEMS. Mu zowonetsera zotere, mapangidwe a makina ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma semiconductor ndi zinthu zina pogwiritsa ntchito njira zokhazikika za semiconductor. Mu chipangizo cha digito cha micromirror, kapangidwe kake ndi micromirror yothandizidwa ndi hinge. Ma hinge ake amayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu pa mbale zolumikizidwa ku imodzi mwa maselo okumbukira omwe ali pansipa. Kukula kwa micromirror iliyonse ndi pafupifupi kukula kwa tsitsi la munthu. Chipangizochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu ma projector ogulitsa onyamulika komanso ma projector a home theatre.
kutulutsa mpweya m'munda
Mfundo yaikulu ya chiwonetsero cha mpweya wochokera kumunda ndi yofanana ndi ya chubu cha cathode ray, ndiko kuti, ma elekitironi amakokedwa ndi mbale ndikupangika kuti agundane ndi phosphor yokutidwa pa anode kuti atulutse kuwala. Cathode yake imapangidwa ndi magwero ang'onoang'ono ambiri a ma elekitironi omwe amakonzedwa mu gulu, ndiko kuti, mu mawonekedwe a gulu la pixel imodzi ndi cathode imodzi. Monga zowonetsera za plasma, zowonetsera za mpweya wochokera kumunda zimafuna ma voltages ambiri kuti zigwire ntchito, kuyambira 200V mpaka 6000V. Koma mpaka pano, sichinakhale chiwonetsero chachikulu cha flat panel chifukwa cha mtengo wokwera wopanga zida zake zopangira.
kuwala kwachilengedwe
Mu chiwonetsero cha organic light-emitting diode (OLED), magetsi amadutsa mu gawo limodzi kapena angapo a pulasitiki kuti apange kuwala komwe kumafanana ndi ma diode osapanga kuwala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chomwe chimafunika pa chipangizo cha OLED ndi filimu yolimba yomwe ili pa substrate. Komabe, zinthu zachilengedwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ku nthunzi ya madzi ndi mpweya, kotero kutseka ndikofunikira. Ma OLED ndi zida zogwira ntchito zotulutsa kuwala ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri a kuwala komanso mphamvu zochepa zogwiritsa ntchito. Ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kopanga zinthu zambiri munjira yozungulira-ndi-roll pa substrate zosinthika ndipo chifukwa chake ndi zotsika mtengo kwambiri kupanga. Ukadaulowu uli ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kuwunikira kosavuta kwa monochromatic lalikulu mpaka kukuwonetsa makanema amitundu yonse.
Inki yamagetsi
Ma e-inki owonetsera ndi ma e-inki omwe amawongoleredwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi ku chinthu chopangidwa ndi bistable. Amapangidwa ndi ma sphere ambiri owonekera bwino, omwe ali ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 100, okhala ndi zinthu zakuda zopakidwa utoto ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta titanium dioxide yoyera. Pamene magetsi agwiritsidwa ntchito ku chinthu chopangidwa ndi bistable, tinthu ta titanium dioxide timasunthira ku imodzi mwa ma electrode kutengera momwe amalimbitsira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pixel itulutse kuwala kapena ayi. Chifukwa chakuti chinthucho chimapangidwa ndi bistable, chimasunga chidziwitso kwa miyezi ingapo. Popeza momwe chimagwirira ntchito chimayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, kuchuluka kwa chiwonetsero chake kumatha kusinthidwa ndi mphamvu zochepa kwambiri.
chowunikira kuwala kwa moto
Chowunikira Photometric cha Flame FPD (Chowunikira Photometric cha Flame, mwachidule FPD)
1. Mfundo ya FPD
Mfundo ya FPD imachokera pa kuyaka kwa chitsanzo mu lawi lolemera ndi haidrojeni, kotero kuti mankhwala okhala ndi sulfure ndi phosphorous amachepetsedwa ndi haidrojeni akayaka, ndipo mikhalidwe yosangalatsa ya S2* (mkhalidwe wosangalatsa wa S2) ndi HPO* (mkhalidwe wosangalatsa wa HPO) imapangidwa. Zinthu ziwiri zosangalalazi zimawala ma spectra pafupifupi 400nm ndi 550nm zikabwerera ku mkhalidwe wa nthaka. Mphamvu ya spectrum iyi imayesedwa ndi chubu chowonjezera kuwala, ndipo mphamvu ya kuwala imafanana ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amatuluka mu chitsanzocho. FPD ndi chowunikira chomvera kwambiri komanso chosankha, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofufuza mankhwala a sulfure ndi phosphorous.
2. Kapangidwe ka FPD
FPD ndi kapangidwe kamene kamaphatikiza FID ndi photometer. Inayamba ngati FPD yamoto umodzi. Pambuyo pa 1978, pofuna kubwezera zofooka za FPD yamoto umodzi, FPD yamoto iwiri idapangidwa. Ili ndi malawi awiri osiyana a air-hydrogen, malawi otsika amasintha mamolekyu a zitsanzo kukhala zinthu zoyaka zomwe zili ndi mamolekyu osavuta monga S2 ndi HPO; malawi apamwamba amapanga zidutswa za luminescent excited state monga S2* ndi HPO*, pali zenera lolunjika ku lawi lapamwamba, ndipo mphamvu ya chemiluminescence imadziwika ndi chubu chowonjezera kuwala. Zeneralo limapangidwa ndi galasi lolimba, ndipo nozzle yamoto imapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
3. Kugwira ntchito kwa FPD
FPD ndi chida chodziwira chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito sulfure ndi phosphorous. Lawi lake ndi lawi lolemera mu haidrojeni, ndipo mpweya wokwanira kugwira ntchito ndi 70% ya haidrojeni, kotero kutentha kwa moto kumakhala kochepa kuti apange sulfure yolimbikitsidwa ndi phosphorous. Zidutswa za compound. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya wonyamula, haidrojeni ndi mpweya kumakhudza kwambiri FPD, kotero kuwongolera kayendedwe ka mpweya kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika kwambiri. Kutentha kwa moto kuti mudziwe mankhwala okhala ndi sulfure kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 390 °C, komwe kungapangitse S2 yolimbikitsidwa*; kuti mudziwe mankhwala okhala ndi phosphorous, chiŵerengero cha haidrojeni ndi mpweya chiyenera kukhala pakati pa 2 ndi 5, ndipo chiŵerengero cha haidrojeni ndi mpweya chiyenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana. Mpweya wonyamula ndi mpweya wopangidwa ziyeneranso kusinthidwa bwino kuti mupeze chiŵerengero chabwino cha chizindikiro-kwa-phokoso.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-18-2022