Flat Panel Display (FPD) yakhala ma TV am'tsogolo.Ndi momwe zimakhalira, koma palibe tanthauzo lokhazikika padziko lapansi.Nthawi zambiri, mawonekedwe amtunduwu amakhala owonda ndipo amawoneka ngati gulu lathyathyathya.Pali mitundu yambiri yowonetsera mapanelo., Malinga ndi sing'anga yowonetsera ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito, pali chiwonetsero cha kristalo chamadzimadzi (LCD), plasma display (PDP), electroluminescence display (ELD), organic electroluminescence display (OLED), field emission display (FED), chiwonetsero chowonetsera, etc. Zida zambiri za FPD zimapangidwa ndi granite.Chifukwa makina a granite ali ndi zolondola komanso zakuthupi.
kachitidwe kachitukuko
Poyerekeza ndi CRT yachikhalidwe (cathode ray chubu), chiwonetsero chazithunzi chopanda phokoso chimakhala ndi zabwino zake zowonda, zopepuka, zocheperako, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, ma radiation otsika, osagwedezeka, komanso opindulitsa paumoyo wamunthu.Yaposa CRT pakugulitsa padziko lonse lapansi.Pofika m'chaka cha 2010, akuti chiŵerengero cha mtengo wogulitsa wa awiriwo chidzafika pa 5: 1.M'zaka za m'ma 21, zowonetsera zathyathyathya zidzakhala zinthu zodziwika bwino pachiwonetsero.Malinga ndi zonenedweratu za Stanford Resources yotchuka, msika wapadziko lonse lapansi udzakwera kuchoka pa madola 23 biliyoni aku US mu 2001 kufika pa madola 58.7 biliyoni aku US mu 2006, ndipo chiwongola dzanja chapakati pachaka chidzafika 20% pazaka 4 zikubwerazi.
Tekinoloje yowonetsera
Zowonetsera zapansi zimagawidwa m'mawonekedwe otulutsa kuwala komanso zowonetsera zotulutsa kuwala.Yoyamba imatanthawuza chipangizo chowonetsera chomwe chowonetsera chokha chimatulutsa kuwala ndipo chimapereka kuwala kowonekera, komwe kumaphatikizapo plasma display (PDP), vacuum fluorescent display (VFD), field emission display (FED), electroluminescence display (LED) ndi organic light emitting. chiwonetsero cha diode (OLED) ) Dikirani.Izi zikutanthauza kuti sizimatulutsa kuwala palokha, koma zimagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe owonetsera kuti zisinthidwe ndi chizindikiro chamagetsi, ndipo mawonekedwe ake owoneka amasintha, kusintha kuwala kozungulira ndi kuwala kotulutsidwa ndi magetsi akunja (backlight, projection light source). ), ndikuchita pazenera kapena pazenera.Zida zowonetsera, kuphatikizapo kuwonetsera kwa crystal yamadzimadzi (LCD), mawonekedwe a micro-electromechanical system (DMD) ndi mawonetsero a inki yamagetsi (EL), etc.
LCD
Zowonetsera zamadzimadzi zamadzimadzi zimaphatikizapo zowonetsera za matrix liquid crystal displays (PM-LCD) ndi zowonetsera za matrix liquid crystal displays (AM-LCD).Zowonetsera zonse za STN ndi TN liquid crystal zimagwiritsa ntchito zowonetsera za matrix liquid crystal.M'zaka za m'ma 1990, ukadaulo wowonetsera wamadzimadzi wamadzimadzi udakula mwachangu, makamaka filimu yopyapyala ya transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD).Monga cholowa m'malo mwa STN, ili ndi maubwino othamanga mwachangu komanso osagwedezeka, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakompyuta onyamula ndi malo ogwirira ntchito, ma TV, ma camcorder ndi makina apakanema am'manja.Kusiyana pakati pa AM-LCD ndi PM-LCD ndikuti akale ali ndi zida zosinthira zomwe zimawonjezedwa pa pixel iliyonse, zomwe zimatha kuthana ndi zosokoneza ndikupeza kusiyanitsa kwakukulu komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba.AM-LCD yapano imatengera amorphous silicon (a-Si) TFT switching device ndi storage capacitor scheme, yomwe imatha kupeza imvi yayikulu ndikuzindikira mawonekedwe enieni amtundu.Komabe, kufunikira kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi ma pixel ang'onoang'ono a makamera apamwamba kwambiri ndi mapulogalamu owonetserako kwachititsa kuti P-Si (polysilicon) TFT (thin film transistor) iwonetsedwe.Kuyenda kwa P-Si ndi 8 mpaka 9 nthawi zambiri kuposa a-Si.Kukula kwakung'ono kwa P-Si TFT sikuli koyenera kuwonetsetsa kwapamwamba kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba, komanso maulendo ozungulira amatha kuphatikizidwa pa gawo lapansi.
Zonsezi, LCD ndi yoyenera mawonedwe ochepa, opepuka, ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamagetsi monga makompyuta apakompyuta ndi mafoni a m'manja.Ma LCD a 30-inch ndi 40-inch apangidwa bwino, ndipo ena agwiritsidwa ntchito.Pambuyo pakupanga kwakukulu kwa LCD, mtengowo umachepetsedwa mosalekeza.Chowunikira cha 15-inch LCD chilipo $500.tsogolo lake chitukuko malangizo ndi m'malo cathode anasonyeza PC ndi ntchito mu LCD TV.
Chiwonetsero cha plasma
Chiwonetsero cha Plasma ndiukadaulo wowonetsa zotulutsa zowunikira zomwe zimazindikirika ndi mfundo yakutulutsa mpweya (monga mpweya).Zowonetsera za plasma zimakhala ndi ubwino wa machubu a cathode ray, koma amapangidwa pazitsulo zoonda kwambiri.Kukula kwazinthu zazikuluzikulu ndi mainchesi 40-42.Zogulitsa za 50 60 inchi zikukula.
mpweya wa fluorescence
Chiwonetsero cha vacuum fluorescent ndi chowonetsera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazomvera / makanema ndi zida zapanyumba.Ndi chipangizo chowonetsera chamtundu wa ma elekitironi chamtundu wa triode chomwe chimatsekereza cathode, gridi ndi anode mu chubu cha vacuum.Ndikuti ma elekitironi opangidwa ndi cathode amapititsidwa ndi mphamvu yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito gridi ndi anode, ndikulimbikitsa phosphor yokutidwa pa anode kuti itulutse kuwala.Gululi limatengera kapangidwe ka zisa.
electroluminescence)
Ma electroluminescent amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowonda-filimu.Chipinda chotetezera chimayikidwa pakati pa 2 mbale zoyendetsera ndipo chopanda chochepa cha electroluminescent chimayikidwa.Chipangizochi chimagwiritsa ntchito mbale zokhala ndi zinki kapena zokutira za strontium zokhala ndi sipekitiramu yotakata ngati ma electroluminescent.Zosanjikiza zake za electroluminescent ndi zokhuthala ma microns 100 ndipo zimatha kukwaniritsa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ngati chiwonetsero cha organic emitting diode (OLED).Mphamvu yake yoyendetsa galimoto ndi 10KHz, 200V AC voltage, yomwe imafunika dalaivala wokwera mtengo IC.Chowonetseratu chowoneka bwino kwambiri chogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yoyendetsa bwino yapangidwa bwino.
Led
Mawonekedwe a diode opepuka amakhala ndi ma diode ambiri otulutsa kuwala, omwe amatha kukhala amtundu wa monochromatic kapena amitundu yambiri.Ma diode otulutsa buluu owoneka bwino kwambiri apezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zowonetsera zamitundu yayikulu za LED.Zowonetsera za LED zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owala kwambiri, kuchita bwino kwambiri komanso moyo wautali, ndipo ndizoyenera zowonetsera zazikuluzikulu zogwiritsidwa ntchito panja.Komabe, palibe zowonetsera zapakatikati zowunikira kapena ma PDA (makompyuta am'manja) omwe angapangidwe ndiukadaulowu.Komabe, LED monolithic Integrated dera angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati monochromatic pafupifupi anasonyeza.
MEMS
Ichi ndi chowonetseratu chopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa MEMS.Paziwonetsero zotere, makina ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa ndi makina opangira ma semiconductors ndi zida zina pogwiritsa ntchito njira zofananira za semiconductor.Mu chipangizo cha digito cha micromirror, kapangidwe kake ndi kachipangizo kakang'ono kothandizidwa ndi hinge.Mahinji ake amayendetsedwa ndi ma charger pama mbale olumikizidwa ndi imodzi mwama cell okumbukira pansipa.Kukula kwa micromirror iliyonse ndi pafupifupi kutalika kwa tsitsi la munthu.Chipangizochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pama projekiti onyamula amalonda komanso ma projekiti anyumba.
kutulutsa kwamunda
Mfundo yayikulu yowonetsera kumunda ndi yofanana ndi chubu cha cathode ray, ndiko kuti, ma elekitironi amakopeka ndi mbale ndipo amapangidwa kuti agundane ndi phosphor yokutidwa pa anode kuti atulutse kuwala.Cathode yake imapangidwa ndi magwero ang'onoang'ono a ma elekitironi opangidwa motsatizana, ndiye kuti, mu mawonekedwe a pixel imodzi ndi cathode imodzi.Monga mawonetsedwe a plasma, zowonetsera zakumunda zimafuna ma voltages apamwamba kuti agwire ntchito, kuyambira 200V mpaka 6000V.Koma mpaka pano, sichinakhale chiwonetsero chazithunzi chokhazikika chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa zida zake zopangira.
kuwala kwachilengedwe
Mu organic light-emitting diode display (OLED), magetsi amadutsa mu pulasitiki imodzi kapena zingapo kuti apange kuwala kofanana ndi ma inorganic light-emitting diode.Izi zikutanthauza kuti zomwe zimafunikira pa chipangizo cha OLED ndi chojambula cholimba cha filimu pagawo laling'ono.Komabe, zinthu zakuthupi zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nthunzi yamadzi ndi mpweya, kotero kusindikiza ndikofunikira.Ma OLED ndi zida zotulutsa zowunikira ndipo zimawonetsa mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri owunikira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa.Iwo ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kopanga misa mu njira ya roll-by-roll pa magawo osinthika ndipo chifukwa chake ndi otsika mtengo kwambiri kupanga.Ukadaulowu uli ndi ntchito zambiri, kuyambira pakuwunikira kosavuta kwamalo akulu a monochromatic mpaka mawonedwe amitundu yonse yamavidiyo.
Inki yamagetsi
Zowonetsera za e-inki ndi zowonetsera zomwe zimayendetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito malo amagetsi kuzinthu zomwe zimapangidwira.Amakhala ndi tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono ta titaniyamu toyera titaniyamu.Mphamvu yamagetsi ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zinthu zomwe bistable, titaniyamu woipa wa titaniyamu timasamukira ku imodzi mwa maelekitirodi kutengera momwe amachitira.Izi zimapangitsa kuti pixel itulutse kuwala kapena ayi.Chifukwa chakuti zinthuzo n’zabwinobwino, zimasunga zinthu kwa miyezi ingapo.Popeza kuti ntchito yake imayang'aniridwa ndi magetsi, zowonetsera zake zikhoza kusinthidwa ndi mphamvu zochepa kwambiri.
chowunikira kuwala kwamoto
Flame Photometric Detector FPD (Flame Photometric Detector, FPD mwachidule)
1. Mfundo ya FPD
Mfundo ya FPD imachokera ku kuyaka kwa chitsanzo mu lawi la hydrogen-rich, kotero kuti mankhwala omwe ali ndi sulfure ndi phosphorous amachepetsedwa ndi haidrojeni pambuyo pa kuyaka, ndi mayiko okondwa a S2 * (chisangalalo cha S2) ndi HPO. * (chisangalalo cha HPO) amapangidwa.Zinthu ziwiri zosangalatsazi zimawala mozungulira 400nm ndi 550nm zikabwerera pansi.Kuchuluka kwa sipekitiramuyi kumayesedwa ndi chubu cha photomultiplier, ndipo mphamvu ya kuwala imayenderana ndi kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe kachitsanzo.FPD ndi chowunikira kwambiri komanso chosankha, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofufuza mankhwala a sulfure ndi phosphorous.
2. Kapangidwe ka FPD
FPD ndi dongosolo lomwe limaphatikiza FID ndi photometer.Idayamba ngati FPD yamoto umodzi.Pambuyo pa 1978, pofuna kukonza zolakwika za FPD yamoto umodzi, FPD yawiri-lawi idapangidwa.Lili ndi malawi awiri osiyana a mpweya wa haidrojeni, lawi la m'munsi limasintha mamolekyu a zitsanzo kukhala zinthu zoyaka zomwe zimakhala ndi mamolekyu osavuta monga S2 ndi HPO;lawi lapamwamba limatulutsa zidutswa za dziko losangalala monga S2 * ndi HPO *, pali zenera loyang'ana pamoto wapamwamba, ndipo mphamvu ya chemiluminescence imadziwika ndi chubu cha photomultiplier.Zeneralo limapangidwa ndi galasi lolimba, ndipo moto wamoto umapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
3. Kuchita kwa FPD
FPD ndi chodziwikiratu chodziwira sulfure ndi phosphorous.Lawi lake ndi lawi lokhala ndi haidrojeni, ndipo mpweya umangokwanira kuti ugwirizane ndi 70% ya haidrojeni, kotero kutentha kwa lawi kumakhala kochepa kuti apange sulfure wokondwa ndi phosphorous.Zidutswa zamagulu.Kuthamanga kwa mpweya wonyamulira, haidrojeni ndi mpweya kumakhudza kwambiri FPD, kotero kuyendetsa gasi kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika.Kutentha kwa lawi kuti mudziwe zamagulu okhala ndi sulfure kuyenera kukhala kozungulira 390 ° C, komwe kungapangitse S2 * yosangalatsa;pofuna kudziwa mankhwala okhala ndi phosphorous, chiŵerengero cha haidrojeni ndi mpweya chiyenera kukhala pakati pa 2 ndi 5, ndipo chiŵerengero cha hydrogen-to-oxygen chiyenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana.Mpweya wonyamulira ndi mpweya wodzipangira uyeneranso kusinthidwa bwino kuti upeze chiŵerengero chabwino cha signal-to-phokoso.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-18-2022