Kodi chogwirizira choyezera makina ndi chiyani?

AUnikani makina oyezera. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma reacs amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu masentim, kuphatikizapo makina, okonda, laser, ndi kuwala koyera. Kutengera makinawo, malo omwe a Probe atha kuwongoleredwa pamanja mwa wogwiritsa ntchito kapena akhoza kukhala kompyuta. Masentimita nthawi zambiri amatchulapo mawonekedwe a probe poyerekeza ndi zomwe zimasungidwa kuchokera ku ma prectional carminian njira (ie, ndi xyz nkhwangwa). Kuphatikiza pa kusuntha kwa X, y, ndi z nkhwangwa, makina ambiri amalola kuti khola la probe lisalamulidwe kuti lizitha kufikiridwa.

Chilowedwe ka 3d "chmm" chimalola kuyenda kwa probe m'matumbo atatu, x, y ndi z, omwe ali ndi mawu ogwirizana ndi ma carnial a Carnial. Axis iliyonse imakhala ndi sensor yomwe imayang'anira malo omwe ali pa axis, nthawi zambiri ndi mawonekedwe a Mictermeter. Pamene probe yolumikizana (kapena icho chilichonse) malo ena omwe ali pa chinthucho, zitsanzo zamakina ziwonetsero zitatu, motero kuyeza malo amodzi pa chinthucho, komanso vekitala 3 yomwe imatengedwa. Izi zikubwerezedwanso mobwerezabwereza, kusunthira kafukufukuyu nthawi iliyonse, kuti apange "mtambo" womwe umalongosola malo osangalatsa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa masentimita popanga njira ndi msonkhano kuti muyesere gawo kapena msonkhano wotsutsana ndi cholinga chopanga. M'mapulogalamuwa, mawambo amapangidwa omwe amasanthuridwa kudzera pa resgorithms yomanga. Malangizowa amasonkhanitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku yemwe amayika pamanja ndi wothandizira kapena kuwongolera pakompyuta wamba (DCC). Ma cmms a DCK akhoza kupangidwa kuti aziyerekeza magawo ofanana; Chifukwa chake cmm okha ndi mawonekedwe apadera a loboti yogulitsa.

Magawo

Makina ogwirizanitsa amaphatikiza zinthu zitatu zazikuluzikulu:

• Katundu waukulu womwe umaphatikizapo axels atatu oyenda. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chimango choyenda zidasiyana zaka zonsezi. Granite ndi zitsulo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa cmm. Masiku ano opanga zikuluzikulu za Cmm amapanga mafelemu kuchokera ku aluminiyamu a aluminiyamu slide kapena kugwiritsira ntchito ceraction kuti muwonjezere chida cha z zowunika. Makina ochepa a cmm masiku ano amapangabe granite cmmite cmm chifukwa chofunikira pamsika kuti mugwiritse ntchito mphamvu zowongolera ndikuwongolera cmm kunja kwa lab. Nthawi zambiri masinthidwe amtundu wa Cmm ndi opanga nyumba ku China ndi India akadalibe granite cmm chifukwa cholowera pang'onopang'ono ndikulowa kwa ma cmm. Zomwe zimachitika kuti kusanthulanso kwa Cmm Z Axis kukhala zofowoka komanso zatsopano zayambitsidwa monga churaimic ndi silicon carbide.
• Dongosolo
• Kusonkhanitsa kwa deta ndi kachitidwe kotsitsimutsa - kumaphatikizaponso makina owongolera makina, kompyuta ya desktop ndi pulogalamu.

Kukhalapo

Makinawa amatha kukhala omasuka, zoyamika komanso zonyamula.

Kulunjika

Kulondola kwa makina ogwirizana kumaperekedwa nthawi zambiri chifukwa chosatsimikizika ngati ntchito patali. Kwa cmm ceme pogwiritsa ntchito probe yokhudza, iyi imakhudzana ndi kubwereza kwa masikelo komanso kulondola kwa masikelo a mzere. Kubwereza kwa poyambira kumatha kutsata muyeso wa mkati .001mm kapena .00005 inchi (theka la khumi) pa voliyumu yonseyi. Kwa 3, 3 + 2, ndi 5 axis, zoyeserera zimangoyambira kugwiritsa ntchito miyezo yothandiza ndipo kayendedwe ka makina amatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito zikwangwani kuti mutsimikizire kuti ndi zolondola.

Magawo enieni

Thupi lamakina

Cmm yoyamba idapangidwa ndi kampani ya Ferria ya Scotland m'ma 1950s chifukwa cha kufunika kwa chofunikira kuti muyeze zinthu mwamphamvu munkhondo zawo zankhondo, ngakhale makina awa adangokhala ndi ma ax awiri okha. Mitundu ya 3-axis idayamba kuwonekera mu 1960s (dea wa Italy) ndi kuwongolera kwakompyuta komwe kumayambira m'ma 1970 koma ogulitsa a Cmmn ndi Sharpe mu Melbourne, England. (Leitz Germany pambuyo pake adapanga makina okhazikika ndi tebulo loyenda.

M'makina amakono, mitundu ya manja ya njuchi imakhala ndi miyendo iwiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imatchedwa buritala. Izi zimasunthira momasuka patebulo lama granite ndi mwendo umodzi (nthawi zambiri imatchedwa mwendo wamkati) kutsatira njanji yowongolera yolumikizidwa mbali imodzi ya tebulo la granite. Mwendo wotsutsa (nthawi zambiri mwendo wakunja) umangopuma pagome la granite kutsatira malo ofukula. Mitundu ya mpweya ndi njira yosankhidwa yowonetsetsa kuti mumayenda ngati mikangano. Mu mpweya womwewu, woponderezedwa umakakamizidwa kudzera mabowo ang'onoang'ono kwambiri kuti apereke khushoni yosalala koma yoyendetsedwa pomwe Cmm amatha kuyenda m'njira yachisoni yomwe ingalipire kudzera pa mapulogalamu. Kusuntha kwa mlatho kapena gantry motsatira tebulo la granite amapanga nkhwangwa imodzi ya ndege ya XY. Mlatho wa gantry uli ndi chonyamula pakatikati ndi miyendo yakunja ndikupanga ma axis a x kapena y. The axis yachitatu yoyenda (Z axis) imaperekedwa ndi kuwonjezera kwa cholembera kapena chopukutira chomwe chimasunthira mmwamba ndikudutsa pakatikati pagalimoto. Probe yosangalatsa imapanga chida chanzeru kumapeto kwa cholembera. Kuyenda kwa X, y ndi nkhwangwa kumalongosola bwino envelopu yoyezera. Matebulo osinthasintha amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku wa kafukufuku yemwe amakumana ndi zovuta zovuta. Tebulo lozungulira ngati ma drii wachinayi silikukulitsa miyeso yoyezera, yomwe imakhala 3D 3D, koma imapereka kusinthasintha. Zina zokhudzana ndi zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi zida zoyendetsedwa ndi probe zimatha kusintha madigiri oposa 180 ndikusintha kwa digiri ya 360.

Masentimita tsopano akupezekanso m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimaphatikizapo mikono ya CMM yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito miyendo ya angular yomwe imagwirizanitsa mafupa a mkono kuti awerenge malo a Stylus, ndipo imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi ma proes a laser osakira ndi malingaliro owoneka bwino. Mitundu yamkazinga yotere nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe kukhazikika kwa bedi lokhazikika pa bedi lalitali - posungiranso malo oyeserera, kumathandiziranso kusunthira kumayesedwa munthawi yoyeserera. Chifukwa ma CM ATHAWI YA MKAMO WA MATO nthawi zambiri amatha kufikira akumayang'ana zovuta zovuta zomwe sizingafanane ndi makina atatu a axis.

Kafukufuku

M'masiku oyambira muyeso wogwirizana (CMM), makanema amakina anali okwanira munthawi yapadera kumapeto kwa cholembera. Probe yodziwika kwambiri idapangidwa ndi wogulitsa mpira wolimba mpaka kumapeto kwa shaft. Izi zinali zabwino kuyesa nkhope yonse yathyathyathya, ma cylindrical kapena malo. Zina zinachitika zinali zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ena, mwachitsanzo, quadrant, kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa zinthu zapadera. Izi zidachitidwa ndi ntchito yomwe ili ndi malo omwe ali m'malo omwe ali ndi digito 3-axis kapena, makina otsogola kwambiri, ndikulowetsa kompyuta pogwiritsa ntchito phazi kapena chida chofananira. Kuyeza komwe njira yolumikizirana nthawi zambiri inali yosadalirika monga makina ogwiritsira ntchito dzanja ndipo wothandizira aliyense amakina amagwiritsa ntchito zovuta zosiyanasiyana pa zomwezo.

Kukula kowonjezereka kunali kuwonjezera kwa motars poyendetsa axis iliyonse. Ogwiritsa ntchito sayeneranso kukhudza makinawa koma amatha kuyendetsa axis iliyonse pogwiritsa ntchito bokosi lam'manja ndi zisangalalo zofanana ndi magalimoto amakono olamulira. Kukhazikitsa kulondola kulondola komanso kuwongolera bwino kwambiri ndi kuyambitsa kwa magetsi pakompyuta kumayambitsa probe. Mpainiya wa Pribbe watsopanowu anali David mcmurry yemwe pambuyo pake adapanga zomwe tsopano zikuchitikanso plc. Ngakhale adakali chida cholumikizira, Probeyo inali ndi mpira wachitsulo (pambuyo pake mpira) stylus. Pamene Probe idakhudza pamwamba pa gulu lazinthu zomwe zimasokonekera ndikutumiza X, y, z, z, z, gwiritsani zidziwitso pakompyuta. Zolakwika zoyesedwa chifukwa zogwira ntchito payekhapayekha zidakhala zochepa ndipo siteji yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku CNC ndi kubwera kwa zaka za masentimita.

Makina owoneka bwino ndi ma CCD-CCD-CCD - omwe amasunthidwa ngati makinawo, ndipo cholinga chake ndi chidwi, mmalo mokhudza nkhaniyi. Chithunzi chojambulidwa chimadzatsekedwa m'malire a zenera loyezera, mpaka nthawi yotsalira ndiyokwanira kusiyanitsa pakati pa malo akuda ndi oyera. Kugawanika kwa curve kumawerengedwa mpaka pomwe, omwe ndi omwe akufuna kuyesa malo. Chidziwitso chopingasa pa CCD ndi 2D (xy) ndi malo ofukula ndi malo omwe ali ndi dongosolo lonse loyang'ana pa z-drive (kapena chida china).

Kanema wa probe

Pali mitundu yatsopano yomwe ili ndi yokoka pansi pa gawo lomwe likutenga mfundo pazachilendo, omwe amadziwika kuti Scanning Quees. Njira iyi ya CMM imayendera bwino kwambiri kuposa njira yachigawo yomwe imakhudza mtima komanso nthawi zambiri mwachangu komanso nthawi zambiri.

M'badwo wotsatira wa machenjera, wotchedwa scanning, yomwe imaphatikizaponso laser laser yaikulu pang'ono pang'ono, mzere wa laser yosaka, ndi machenjerero oyera, akulimbika mwachangu. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya laser kapena kuwala koyera komwe kumatsutsana ndi gawo la gawo. Malingaliro masauzande ambiri amatha kutengedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuti asayang'ane kukula ndi udindo, koma kuti apange chithunzi cha gawo lachitatu. Izi "data yolozera" itha kusamutsidwa ku CAD Pulogalamu ya Cad kuti ipange mtundu wa gawo la 3D. Ma scanal owoneka bwinowa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zofewa kapena zowoneka bwino kapena kupititsa patsogolo upangiri wosintha.

Micrometrogy

Njira zoyeserera za microscale metrogy mapulogalamu ndi malo ena akutuluka. Palinso makina angapo omwe akupezeka pamakina oyezera (cmm) omwe ali ndi maimidwe munthawi yake, machitidwe angapo apadera a labotale, ndipo chilichonse cha nsanja zilizonse za yunivesite zopangidwa ndi miyambo ya ma microscale merology. Ngakhale makinawa ndiabwino ndipo nthawi zambiri nsanja zam'madzi zokhala ndi miyeso ya nanometric.^{[Kufunika Kofunika]}Zovuta za ma microscale ogwiritsa ntchito ma microscale akuphatikizira kufunikira kwa gawo lalikulu la gawo lomwe limapereka mwayi wopeza mawonekedwe okhudzana ndi mawonekedwe ophatikizika kuti musawononge mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a nanometer).^{[Kufunika Kofunika]}Kuphatikiza apo ma microscale Mapulogalamu ophatikizidwa ndi chilengedwe komanso chinyezi chadziko monga mutuwu (woyambitsidwa ndi adteion, meniscus, ndi / kapena a van Syr amphamvu pakati pa ena).^{[Kufunika Kofunika]}

Matekinoloje kuti akwaniritse zofufuza za microscale zimaphatikizapo mtundu wa cmm wa cmm, mawonedwe owoneka bwino, komanso olemba mapulani pakati pa ena. Komabe, matekinoloje omwe ali ndi maluso omwe amapezeka sangakhale ochepa pang'ono kuti adziwe zakuya, zopepuka, komanso malingaliro owoneka ochepa ndi ochepa. Kuyerekeza kwa X-ray kumapereka chithunzi cha mawonekedwewo koma palibe chidziwitso chofuna kudziwa zambiri.

Mfundo Zathupi

Makonda am'maso ndi / kapena ma laser a laser angagwiritsidwe ntchito (ngati zingatheke kuphatikiza), zomwe zimasintha masentimita kuti muye ma microscopes kapena makina oyezera. Fringe prosed systems, makina osungirako a Theodolite makina kapena asertalint kutali ndi makina osafunikira sizitchedwa makina oyezera, koma zotsatira zoyezera ndizofanana: mfundo. Mapulogalamu a laser amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira mtunda pakati pakumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa tchizi cha kinematic (mwachitsanzo: kutha kwa zigawo za Z-drive). Izi zitha kugwiritsa ntchito interferomometrical ntchito, yang'anani mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yopepuka kapena mfundo yowala.

Makina ogwiritsira ntchito ogwirizira

Pomwe zikhalidwe zachikhalidwe zimagwiritsa ntchito probe yoyenda pa Axes atatu kuti muyeze mawonekedwe a chinthu, makina owoneka bwino omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zopendekera zowoneka bwino.

Ma cmines onyamula okhala ndi mikono yolumikizidwa ali ndi maxel asanu ndi mmodzi kapena asanu ndi awiri omwe ali ndi malo osungirako ratary, m'malo mwa nkhwangwa. Manja owoneka bwino (makamaka ochepera 20 ndipo amatha kunyamulidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi kulikonse. Komabe, ma cmiccal owoneka akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchitoyo. Zopangidwa ndi ma carcect a centract kapena matrix garts (monga Microsoft Kiinect), ma cmicm owoneka bwino kuposa ma cmicms onyamula mikono, ndikupangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kuti athetse mitundu yonse ya zinthu zina.

Ntchito zina zomwe sizingasinthe monga kupanga upangiri, kuthamanga kofulumira, komanso kuyendera kwakukulu kwa zigawo zonsezi ndizoyenera kunyamula masentimita. Ubwino wa masentimita onyamula ndi ambiri. Ogwiritsa ntchito amakhala ndi kusinthasintha pakuyeza mitundu ya 3D ya magawo onse a magawo onse komanso malo akutali kwambiri / ovuta. Ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo safuna malo olamulidwa kuti agwirizane molondola. Komanso, zonyamula masenti onyamula zimatenga ndalama zochepa kuposa masentimita.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo onyamula ma cmin ogwiritsira ntchito makina (nthawi zonse amafuna kuti munthu azigwiritsa ntchito). Kuphatikiza apo, kulondola kwawo konse kumatha kukhala kolondola kwenikweni kuposa mtundu wa Bridge mtundu wa cmm ndipo ndiwoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu ena.

Makina oyezera amakono

Technology ya CMM CLMS Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makonda leroli masiku ano nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza ukadaulo wina. Izi zimaphatikizapo laser, video kapena masensani oyera kuti afotokozere zomwe zimadziwika kuti muyeso wa multis soldeor.